Ultramarathon

Footrace longer than the marathon

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Ultramarathon

Ultramarathoners compete at the Sahara Race 2011 (4 Deserts)

Highest governing body| World Athletics, International Association of Ultrarunners, and the Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners
Presence
World Championships| 1987–present

An ultramarathon is a footrace longer than the traditional marathon distance of 42.195 kilometres (26 mi 385 yd). The sport of running ultramarathons is called ultra running or ultra distance running.

Various distances, surfaces, and formats are raced competitively, from the shortest common ultramarathon of 31 miles (50 km) and up to 3,100 miles (5,000 km).[1] Around 100 miles (160 km) is typically the longest course distance raced in under 24 hours, but there are also longer multiday races commonly held as 48 hours, 200 miles (320 km), or more, sometimes raced in stages with breaks for sleep.

The oldest and largest ultramarathons are on road, including the Comrades Marathon (more than 10,000 finishers annually) and Two Oceans Marathon (more than 6,000 finishers annually).[2] The world's longest certified footrace is the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race. Many ultras have historical significance, including the Spartathlon, based on the 246 km run of Greek messenger Pheidippides from Athens to Sparta during the Battle of Marathon in a day and a half to seek aid against the Persians.[3][4][5]

Runners waiting for the start of the 2023 Comrades Marathon

Ultra running World Championships are held by the International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) for 50 km, 100 km and 24 hours. The Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners (GOMU) holds World Championships for 48 hours and six days.[6] World records are ratified and recognized by World Athletics (50 km and 100 km), the IAU (50 km up to six days), and by GOMU (48 hours up to 5000 km).[7][8][9]

There is also overlap with the sports of trail running and mountain running. Some 100-mile (160 km) races are among the oldest and most prestigious events, especially in North America.[10] The oldest and also the largest trail race is the SainteLyon 78-kilometre (48 mi) in France (more than 5,000 finishers annually).[11] Many ultramarathon organizers are members of the International Trail Running Association (ITRA), an organization that evaluates the difficulty of specific ultramarathon routes according to a number of criteria, such as the distance, the cumulative elevation gain, and the number of loops and stages.[citation needed]

## Overview

[edit]

There are two main types of ultramarathon events: those that cover a specified distance or route, and those that last for a predetermined period (with the winner covering the most distance in that time). The most common distances are 50 kilometres (31.07 mi), 50 miles (80.47 km), 100 kilometres (62.14 mi), 100 miles (160.93 km), and continue up to the longest certified race distance of 3100 miles.[1] Timed events range from 6, 12, and 24 hours to 3, 6, and 10 days (known as Multiday races). Timed events are generally run on a track or a short road course, often one mile (1.6 km) or less.[12]

The format of ultramarathons and the courses vary, ranging from single loops (some as short as a 400-metre (1,300 ft) track),[13] to point-to-point road or trail races, to cross-country rogaines. Many ultramarathons have significant obstacles, such as inclement weather, elevation change, or rugged terrain. Usually, there are aid stations, whether every lap of a track, small road or trail loop courses, or extending up to perhaps 20 to 35 kilometres (12 to 22 mi), where runners can replenish food and drink or take a short break.

There are some self-supported ultramarathon stage races in which each competitor has to carry all their supplies including food to survive the length of the race, typically a week long. The Marathon des Sables 6-day stage race in Morocco and the Grand to Grand Ultra in the U.S. are examples.[14][15]

The International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) organises the World Championships for various ultramarathon distances, including 50 kilometres (31 mi), 100 kilometres (62 mi), 24 hours, and ultra trail running, which are also recognized by World Athletics. Many countries around the world have their own ultrarunning organizations, often the national athletics federation of the country, or are sanctioned by such national athletics organizations.

50-kilometer and 100-kilometer races are recognized as World Records by World Athletics, the world governing body of track and field.[16] The International Association of Ultrarunners recognizes IAU World Records for 50-kilometers, 100-kilometers, 6 hours, 12 hours, 100 miles, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 6 days.[17]

There are ultramarathon racewalking events that are usually 50 km, although 100 km and 100-mile (160 km) "Centurion" races are also organized. Furthermore, the non-competitive International Marching League event Nijmegen Four Days March has a regulation distance of 4 × 50 km over four days for those aged 19 to 49.[18]

In 2021, concerns were raised about planning and medical care available for ultramarathons in China, after 21 racers died from hypothermia while competing in an ultramarathon in the Yellow River Stone Forest. The government later announced a ban on "extreme" competitions.[19]

In August 2023, a partnership between Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB) and Ironman Triathlon was announced and the new formation of the UTMB World Series, an ultra-distance circuit that culminates with UTMB held in August. Concerns have been raised[vague] about rising entry fees, homogenization of racing experiences, and bulldozing of smaller events.[20][21]

## IAU World Record and World Best performances

[edit]

Until 2014, the IAU maintained lists of the world best performances on different surfaces (road, track, and indoor). Starting in 2015, the distinction between the surfaces was removed and the records were combined into a single category.[22] Some governing bodies continue to keep separate ultramarathon track and road records for their jurisdictions.[23]

Starting in January 2022, the IAU began to recognize and ratify performances as IAU World Records. World Athletics also began to ratify the 50k distance as a World Record for both mixed and women, respectively, along with 100k. The events considered IAU World Records are: 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours along with 50 and 100 miles. Records in the 6 day event are called World Best Performances by the IAU.[24]

Performances exceeding the current IAU records but which have not yet been ratified include the following:

* Stine Rex ran 435.564 km at the 2024 GOMU 48 hour world championships. The GOMU lists it as a "All Time World Best" performance.[25]
* Stine Rex ran 913.6 km at a 6-day race in Denmark during August and September 2024.[26][27]
* Ivan Zaborsky ran 1047.554 km in six days in Vallon Pont d'Arc, France, finishing on 4 May 2025.[28]
* Megan Eckert ran 970.685 km in six days at the same race in Vallon Pont d'Arc.[29]
* Matthieu Bonne ran 485.099 km in 48 hours in Pabianice, Poland, finishing on 1 June 2025.[30]
* Patrycja Bereznowska ran 436.371 km in 48 hours at the same race in Pabianice.[31]

The IAU World Records and World Best Performances as of April 2025 are as follows.[32]

### Men

[edit]

Event  | Record  | Athlete  | Date  | Place

|
|
|
|

50 km  | 2:38:43  |  CJ Albertson (USA) | 8 October 2022  |  San Francisco, US
50 miles  | 4:48:21  |  Charles R. Lawrence (USA) | 11 November 2023  |  Vienna, IL, US
100 km  | 6:05:35  |  Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) | 14 May 2023  |  Vilnius, Lithuania
100 miles  | 10:51:39  |  Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) | 7 January 2022  |  Tel Aviv, Israel
6 hours  | 98.496 km  |  Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) | 23 April 2022  |  Bedford, UK
12 hours | 177.410 km  |  Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) | 7 January 2022  |  Tel Aviv, Israel
24 hours | 319.614 km  |  Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) | 17 September 2022  |  Verona, Italy
48 hours  | 473.495 km  |  Yiannis Kouros (GRE) | 3–5 May 1996  |  Surgères, France
6 days  | 1045.519 km  |  Matthieu Bonne (BEL) | 5–11 September 2024  |  Balatonfüred, Hungary

### Women

[edit]

Event  | Record  | Athlete  | Date  | Place

|
|
|
|

50 km  | 2:59:54  |  Desiree Linden (USA) | 13 April 2021  |  Dorena, Oregon, United States
50 miles  | 5:31:57  |  Courtney Olsen (USA) | 10 November 2024  |  Vienna, IL, US
100 km  | 6:33:11  |  Tomoe Abe (JPN) | 25 June 2000  |  Yubetsu-Saroma-Tokoro, Japan
100 miles  | 12:42:40  |  Camille Herron (USA) | 11 November 2017  |  Vienna, IL, US
6 hours  | 85.492 km  |  Nele Alder-Baerens (GER) | 11 March 2017  |  Münster, Germany
12 hours | 153.600 km  |  Satu Lipiäinen (FIN) | 20 May 2023  |  Kokkola, Finland
24 hours | 270.363 km  |  Miho Nakata (JPN) | 2 December 2023  |  Taipei, Taiwan
48 hours  | 435.336 km  |  Camille Herron (USA) | 24–26 March 2023  |  Bruce, Australia
6 days  | 901.768 km  |  Camille Herron (USA) | 6–12 March 2024  |  California, USA

Until 2021, the IAU also kept records for 1000 km and 1000 miles. The final records were:[33]

### Men

[edit]

Event  | Record  | Athlete  | Date  | Place

|
|
|
|

1000 km  | 5d 16:17:00  |  Yiannis Kouros (GRE) | 26 November–2 December 1984  |  Colac, Australia
1000 miles  | 10d 10:30:36  |  Yiannis Kouros (GRE) | 20–30 May 1988  |  New York City, US

### Women

[edit]

Event  | Record  | Athlete  | Date  | Place

|
|
|
|

1000 km  | 7d 16:08:37  |  Paula Mairer (AUT) | 29 September-6 October 2002  |  New York City, US
1000 miles  | 12d 14:38:40  |  Sandra Barwick (NZL) | 16–28 October 1991  |  New York City, US

## IAU World Championships

[edit]

There are four IAU World Championships: the IAU 100 km World Championships, IAU 50 km World Championships, IAU 24 Hour World Championship, and the IAU Trail World Championships.[34]

## Ultramarathons by regions

[edit]

Ultramarathons are run around the world with more than 600,000 people completing them every year.[35]

### Africa

[edit]

* South Africa hosts a number of notable ultra marathon events.
* On road: the world's oldest and largest ultramarathon, the 87 kilometres (54 mi) Comrades Marathon. Approximately 12,000 runners complete the Comrades each year, out of approximately 17,000 who start, with 23,961 competing in 2000.[36]
* The 56-kilometre (35 mi) Two Oceans Marathon in Cape Town in the southern autumn attracts approximately 11,000 runners.
* The Grand Raid de la Réunion is held annually on Réunion in October, crossing the island over 163 kilometres (101 mi) with an altitude gain of 9,643 metres (31,637 ft). This race attracts 2,350 competitors, with 1,000 runners from overseas.
* The Marathon des Sables is a 6-day stage race which covers 250 kilometres (160 mi) through the Sahara desert in Morocco.
* The Spanish Canary Islands off the African coast are the location of some prestigious ultramarathons, including the 46-mile Transvulcania.[37]

### Asia

[edit]

Ultrarunning has become popular in Asia, and countries such as Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea have hosted IAU World Championships.

* In Israel, two major ultramarathon races are Mount to Valley relay race, over 215 km, from the hills of the Upper Galilee to the Jezreel Valley; and the Valley Circle race in the Jezreel valley, containing several distances, including 160 km and 200 km.
* India's first ultra-marathon, the Bangalore Ultra, was held in 2007.[38] Since 2010, the Indian Himalayas have hosted La Ultra – The High, a 333 km course crossing Khardung La, touted to be the world's highest motorable mountain pass.[39]
* Japan had its first 100 km event in 1987 as Lake Saroma Ultramarathon and hosted the IAU 100 km World Championship in 1994 (Lake Saroma), 1998 (River Shimanto) and 2005 (Lake Saroma).[40] Japan hosts more than 50 ultramarathon events throughout the year,[41] including the Trans Japan Alps Race (TJAR)[42] (415 kilometres (258 miles) with more than 26,000 metres (16 miles) cumulative altitude gain crossing Japan Alps, crossing Japan's mainland from Japan Sea to Pacific Ocean in 7 days),[43][44] Hasetsune cup (71.5 kilometres (44.4 miles) in steep foggy mountains)[45] and the Ultra-Trail Mt. Fuji (161 kilometres (100 miles) loop around World Heritage Mount Fuji with a cumulative altitude gain of about 9,000 metres (5.6 miles)).[46][47]
* The Gobi March in northwest China was China's first ultramarathon, first staged in 2003. The Gobi March is part of the 4 Deserts Race Series.[48]
* Hong Kong Four Trails Ultra Challenge is a 298 km-long uninterrupted race, the first ultramarathon-class race in Hong Kong.

### Oceania, Australia, and New Zealand

[edit]

Australia and New Zealand are hosts to some 100 organized ultramarathons each year. Additionally, a handful of runners have run the entire length of New Zealand, a distance of around 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi).[49]

In Australia, the Westfield Ultra Marathon was an annual race between Sydney and Melbourne contested between 1983 and 1991. Greek runner Yiannis Kouros won the event five times during that period. Australia is also the home of one of the oldest six-day races in the world, the Cliff Young Australian 6-day race, held in Colac, Victoria. The race is held on a 400-meter circuit at the Memorial Square in the centre of Colac and has seen many close races since its inception in 1984. The 20th Cliff Young Australian six-day race was held between 20 and 26 November 2005. During that event, Kouros beat his existing world record six-day track mark and set a new mark of 1,036.851 kilometres (644.269 mi). The Coast to Kosciuszko inaugurated in 2004, is a 246-kilometre (153 mi) marathon from the coast to the top of Mount Kosciuszko, Australia's highest mountain.[citation needed]

Australia has seen a steep growth in ultrarunning events and participants in recent years. Many new races have come into inception, covering a range of ultramarathon distances from 50 km right through to multi-day events. The cornerstone of Australian Ultra events is such races as Ultra-Trail Australia 100, The Great North Walk Ultras, Surf Coast Century, Bogong to Hotham, Alpine Challenge, GC50 Run Festival, and the Cradle Mountain Run.[50][51] The Australian Ultra Runners Association (AURA) has a comprehensive list and links of events and their respective results.[52]

In New Zealand, the Kepler Challenge is held on a 60 kilometres (37 mi) trail through Fiordland National Park. It has been running since 1988 and is one of the country's most popular races. The Tarawera Ultramarathon is currently one of the most competitive ultras in New Zealand and part of the Ultra-Trail World Tour.[53]

### Europe

[edit]

The European Ultramarathon Cup is an annual cup event covering some of the biggest ultramarathon races in Europe.[54] The CajaMar Tenerife Bluetrail is the highest race in Spain and second highest in Europe.[55] Besides trail ultramarathons, Europe features large road ultramarathons such as Spartathlon and the Millau 100K, which have gathered thousands of runners for the past 50 years.

The UTMB, through France, Italy, and Switzerland has been considered the world's most competitive trail ultra.[56] The other races in the UTMB festival, including the CCC, TDS, and OCC, are also significant events in the ultrarunning calendar.[57]

### North America

[edit]

The oldest existing ultramarathon in North America is the JFK 50 Mile,[58] which began in 1963 as a push by President John F. Kennedy to bring the country back to physical fitness.[59]

There are several 100-mile ultramarathons held annually in North America. The Western States Endurance Run is the oldest 100-mile trail run in North America. The race began in 1977, founded by Wendell Robie, of Auburn California.[60][58]

The first mountain trail ultramarathon held in the United States was the 1911 Mount Baker Race (50K), in Bellingham, Washington. Runners raced by car or train to the trailheads, ran up to the summit of Mount Baker, and then back down to the city.[61]

An early ultramarathon was held in Mexico in 1926, and at the time was part of the Central American Games. Tomas Zafiro and Leoncio San Miguel, both Tarahumara Indians, ran 100 km from Pachuca to Mexico City in 9 hours and 37 minutes. At the time, the Mexican government petitioned to include a 100 km race in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.[62]

In 1928, sports agent C. C. Pyle organized the first of two editions of the 3,455-mile-long Bunion Derby. The first went along U.S. Route 66 from Los Angeles to Chicago before heading toward New York; the 1929 Derby reversed the route. Neither the race nor the accompanying vaudeville show was a financial success.[63]

In the 1980s, Gary "Lazarus Lake" Cantrell and Karl "Raw Dog" Henn conceived the Barkley Marathons, an annual trail race held in March or April in Frozen Head State Park, Tennessee. The course is approximately 20 miles long with approximately 11,000 feet of vertical climb, and runners have 60 hours to complete five laps. The run is notorious not only for its difficulty but also for its secretive nature; entrants must undergo a selection process and entry dates and requirements are not announced, meaning entrants rely on word-of-mouth for details on how to enter. The first Barkley Marathons took place in 1986, and as of 2025, the full, five-loop race has been completed a total of 26 times by 20 runners.[64]

Since 1997, runners have been competing in the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race, which is billed as the longest official footrace in the world. They run 100 laps a day for up to 50 days around a single block in Queens, NY, for a total distance of 3,100 miles (5,000 km).[65] The current record holder is Ashprihanal Pekka Aalto, at 40 days 09:06:21 for a daily average of 76.776 miles (123.559 km) in 2015.

Several 10-day races are also regularly available in the US at venues that hold 6-day races: Across the Years (in Arizona), Sri Chinmoy (in New York) and 6 Days in the Dome (Wisconsin).[66]

In April 2006, the American Ultrarunning Hall of Fame was established by the American Ultrarunning Association (AUA). Candidates for the Hall of Fame are chosen from the 'modern era' of American ultras, beginning with the New York Road Runners Club 30 Mile race held in 1958. The Inaugural inductees were Ted Corbitt, a former US Olympian, winner of the aforementioned race in 3:04:13, and co-founder of the Road Runners Club of America, and Sandra Kiddy, who began her ultra career at age 42 with a world record at 50 kilometers, 3:36:56, and who went on to set a number of American and world ultra records.[67]

The Yukon Arctic Ultra is uniques among ultras for its cold conditions, requiring racers to start from Whitehorse to Dawson City, Yukon, a distance of 430 miles (692 km) in February, with temperatures in the race having fallen as low as -57 degrees celsius.[68][69]

## See also

[edit]

* Sport of athletics portal

* Fastpacking
* Fat Ass
* Fell running
* List of ultramarathons
* Skyrunning
* Trail running

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "The 27th Annual Sri Chinmoy Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race - 3100 Mile Race". 3100.srichinmoyraces.org. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
2. ^ "DUV Ultra Marathon Statistics". statistik.d-u-v.org. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
3. ^ Spartathlon (28 August 2015). "Ιστορικά Στοιχεία". Spartathlon Ultra Race (in Greek). Retrieved 23 October 2023.
4. ^ "Spartathlon Part 1 (1982) - The Birth | Ultrarunning History". 19 September 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
5. ^ Holmes, Katie (30 September 2022). "Eleanor Adams and the first Spartathlon". RunYoung50. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
6. ^ "GOMU - Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners - World Championships". www.gomu.org. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
7. ^ "World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
8. ^ Bedkowski, Jacek. "Rankings & Records". IAU - International Association of Ultrarunners. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
9. ^ "GOMU - Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners - Results & Records". www.gomu.org. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
10. ^ "First Finishers of Western States 100 Trail on Foot". 9 February 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
11. ^ "DUV Ultra Marathon Statistics". statistik.d-u-v.org. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
12. ^ "Ultra Running". Iaaf.org. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
13. ^ If the loop is less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi), run direction changes every 2–4 (sometimes 6) hours [Citation Needed~~~~Mark Halsey]
14. ^ "The race story | MARATHON DES SABLES - Site officiel". www.marathondessables.com. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
15. ^ "About the race". Grand to Grand Ultra.
16. ^ "– 100 Kilometres Records". Iaaf.org. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
17. ^ Bedkowski, Jacek. "Rankings & Records". IAU - International Association of Ultrarunners. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
18. ^ "Vierdaagse – Distance & Rewards". 4daagse.nl. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
19. ^ Kanthor, Rebecca (9 June 2021). "Systemic problems in ultramarathon racing in China". The World. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
20. ^ Chase, Adam (7 May 2021). "UTMB is Teaming up with IRONMAN. Will It Be the Ultra-Starbuckization?". Outside Online. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
21. ^ "What Really Went Down in Whistler with the WAM Races". Gary Robbins. 26 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
22. ^ "IAU: Rationale for Combining IAU World Best Performances into one List" (PDF).
23. ^ "USA Track & Field | Records". usatf.org.
24. ^ "IAU World Records Guidelines" (PDF). International Association of Ultrarunners. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
25. ^ "Records And World Bests attained at a GOMU World Championship". GOMU.
26. ^ "This week in running, September 9 2024". IRunFar. 9 September 2024.
27. ^ "Statement on the 6d event performance". IAU.
28. ^ iRunFar: Megan Eckert and Ivan Zaborsky Set Women’s and Men’s 6-Day Running World Records
29. ^ iRunFar: Megan Eckert and Ivan Zaborsky Set Women’s and Men’s 6-Day Running World Records
30. ^ iRunFar: Matthieu Bonne and Patrycja Bereznowska Set New Men’s and Women’s 48-Hour World Records.
31. ^ iRunFar: Matthieu Bonne and Patrycja Bereznowska Set New Men’s and Women’s 48-Hour World Records.
32. ^ Bedkowski, Jacek. "IAU Records". IAU - International Association of Ultrarunners. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
33. ^ IAU: Final WBP and WABP Records: 1000K, 1000M
34. ^ "IAU Championships". Iau-ultramarathon.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
35. ^ "More People Are Running Ultras Than Ever Before". Runner's World. 24 January 2020.
36. ^ "Comrades Marathon History". 4 June 2014. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014.
37. ^ Hicks, Meghan (12 May 2019). "2019 Transvulcania Ultramarathon Results". iRunFar. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
38. ^ "Big response for the Bangalore Marathon". The Hindu. 14 December 2007. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
39. ^ "Why La Ultra The High is the Cruelest Marathon". Forbes India. 18 February 2013.
40. ^ "IAU World Cup 100 Kilometres" (PDF). Iau-ultramarathon.org. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
41. ^ "2016 – 2017 Japan Ultramarathon Calendar". Marathons.ahotu.com. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
42. ^ "TJAR (Trans Japan Alps Race)". tjar.jp (in Japanese).
43. ^ NHK team, 激走! 日本アルプス大縦断 密着、トランスジャパンアルプスレース富山~静岡415km, 26 April 2013, ISBN 978-4087815276
44. ^ "日本一過酷な山岳レース「トランスジャパンアルプスレース（TJAR）」に密着したノンフィクション書籍『激走！ 日本アルプス大縦断』（NHKスペシャル取材班・著）が、集英社より4月26日（金）に発売！ | 株式会社 集英社 | プレスリリース配信代行サービス『ドリームニュース』". Dreamnews.jp. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
45. ^ RUNTRAIL editors, RUN+TRAIL vol.2 トレイルランレースをはじめよう ハセツネ/UTMF完走法 (SAN-EI MOOK),22 Aug 2012, ISBN 978-4779615627
46. ^ "2013 Ultra-Trail Mount Fuji Preview". Irunfar.com. 24 April 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
47. ^ "Ultra-Trail Mt. Fuji (UTMF) | The Japan Times Online". Info.japantimes.co.jp. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
48. ^ "The Gobi March". 4 Deserts Official Website.
49. ^ "Endurance Sport". Endurance Sport. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
50. ^ "Salomon Trail Running Series – What Is Trail Running? (Salomon trail running series)". 21 March 2015. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015.
51. ^ "Ultra Marathons in Australia". run2.au. 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
52. ^ "AURA – Australian Ultra Runners Association". 12 October 2007. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007.
53. ^ "Partners - Tarawera Ultramarathon | Rotorua, New Zealand". taraweraultra.co.nz.
54. ^ "LaufReport Presse Info". laufreport.de.
55. ^ "Tenerife Bluetrail, la carrera más alta de España". abc. 6 October 2016.
56. ^ Powell, Bryon (21 August 2017). "2017 UTMB Men's Preview". iRunFar. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
57. ^ Agnew, Mark (20 August 2019). "UTMB 2019 schedule: when do the TDS, CCC and OCC start?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
58. ^ a b "Classic Ultramarathon Beginnings". 17 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
59. ^ Mason, Andy (7 February 2016). "History". JFK 50 Mile. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
60. ^ Crockett, Davy (22 January 2021). "Western States 100 - 1977". Ultrarunning History. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
61. ^ Crockett, Davy (6 September 2019). "The Mount Baker Ultramarathon (1911-1913)". Ultrarunning History. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
62. ^ Vilchis, Raul (10 March 2015). "Still, They Endure: The Paradox of Mexico's Legendary Tarahumara Runners". Remezcla. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
63. ^ Crockett, Davy (12 August 2019). "The 1928 Bunion Derby". Ultrarunning History. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
64. ^ Butler, Shawn (26 March 2018). "Barkley Marathons Finish Stats". Posilicious. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
65. ^ "srichinmoyraces.org / About the 3100 Mile Race". Retrieved 16 January 2013.
66. ^ Gruebele, M (2024). Masters of Ultrarunning: The 10-Day Race. Champaign-Urbana, Illinois: HB Publishing. p. 182\. ISBN 979-8333227737.
67. ^ Crockett, Davy (19 August 2020). "The American Ultrarunning Hall of Fame". Ultrarunning History. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
68. ^ "The Yukon: Discover the world's coldest ultra". Montane. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
69. ^ Ann, Virginie. "Yukon Arctic Ultra, which calls itself the world's 'coldest and toughest,' kicks off in Whitehorse". CBC. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 19 February 2023.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ultramarathon.

* Official International Trail Running Association website
* RunUltra.co.uk Global ultramarathon calendar with reviews
* The history of ultrarunning
* Ultra running at IAAF web site
* ULTRAmarathonRunning.com Global ultramarathon calendar
* UltraSignup, global race list and signup site

* v
* t
* e

Running

Disciplines|

* Sprint (up to 400 m)
* Middle-distance running (up to 3000 m)
* Long-distance running (over 3000 m up to marathon)
* Ultra running (over marathon)
* Cross country running
* Fell running
* Trail running
* Mountain running
* Skyrunning
* Tower running
* Snowshoe running
* Hurdling
* Steeplechase
* Relay race
* Ekiden

Federations|

* World Athletics (athletics)
* IAU (ultra running)
* ITRA (trail running)
* WMRA (mountain running)
* ISF (skyrunning)
* WSSF (snowshoe running)

World championships|

* World Athletics Championships (athletics)
* World Athletics Cross Country Championships (cross country)
* IAU 100 km World Championships (ultra running)
* IAU Trail World Championships (trail running)
* World Mountain Running Championships (mountain running)
* Skyrunning World Championships (skyrunning)
* World Snowshoe Championships (snowshoe running)

Sport of athletics portal

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Athletics events

* Track and field
* Cross country running
* Road running
* Racewalking

Track|

| Sprints|

* 50 m
* 55 m
* 60 m
* 100 y
* 100 m
* 150 m
* 200 m (straight)
* 300 m
* 400 m
* 440 y

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Hurdles|

* 50 m
* 55 m
* 60 m
* 80 m
* 100 m
* 110 m
* 200 m (low)
* 300 m
* 400 m

Middle-distance|

* 500 m
* 600 m
* 800 m
* 1000 m
* 1500 m
* 1600 m
* One mile
* 2000 m
* 2000 m steeplechase
* 3000 m
* 3000 m steeplechase
* 3200 m
* Two miles

Long-distance|

* 5000 m
* 10,000 m
* 20,000 m
* One hour run

Relays|

* 4 × 100 m
* 4 × 200 m
* 4 × 400 m (Mixed)
* 4 × 800 m
* 4 × 1500 m
* 4 × mile
* Sprint medley relay
* Distance medley relay
* Swedish relay
* Shuttle hurdle relay

Walking|

* Mile
* 3000 m
* 5000 m
* 10,000 m
* 20,000 m

Field|

| Throws|

* Shot put
* Club
* Discus
* Hammer
* Javelin
* Weight throw
* Softball throw

|

Jumps|

* High jump (standing)
* Pole vault
* Long jump (standing)
* Triple jump (standing)

Combined|

* Athletics pentathlon
* women's
* throws
* Hexathlon
* Heptathlon
* Octathlon
* Decathlon
* Tetradecathlon
* Icosathlon

Road|

| Running|

* 5 km
* 10 km
* 15 km
* 10 mi
* 20 km
* 25 km
* Half marathon
* Marathon
* Ekiden
* Ultramarathon

|

Walking|

* 10 km
* 20 km
* 35 km
* 50 km
* 50 mi
* 100 km
* Marathon mixed relay

Other|

* Frame running
* Multiday race
* Wheelchair racing
* Backward running

Sport of athletics portal • Current Olympic events shown in italics

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Racing

Running|

| Track running|

* Sprinting
* Middle-distance running
* Long-distance running
* Relay race
* Hurdling
* Steeplechase

|
|

Road running|

* Half marathon
* Marathon
* Ultramarathon
* Ekiden

Off-road running|

* Cross country running
* Mountain running
* Fell running
* Trail running
* Skyrunning

Other|

* Tower running
* Racewalking
* Backward running
* Snowshoe running
* Parkour

Orienteering|

* Foot orienteering
* Mountain bike orienteering
* Ski orienteering
* Trail orienteering
* Radio orienteering
* Canoe orienteering
* Rogaining
* Mountain marathon
* Car orienteering

Bicycle racing|

* Road bicycle racing
* Cyclo-cross
* Gravel racing
* Mountain bike racing
* Track cycling (Keirin)
* BMX racing
* Cycle speedway

Animal racing|

* Camel racing
* Greyhound racing
* Horse racing
* Pigeon racing
* Sled dog racing

Swimming|

* Open water swimming
* Marathon swimming
* Paralympic swimming

Climbing|

* Speed climbing

Motor racing|

| Auto racing|

* Drag racing
* Formula racing
* Kart racing
* Off-road racing
* Pickup truck racing
* Sports car racing
* Stock car racing
* Touring car racing
* Truck racing

|
|

Motorcycle racing|

* Beach racing
* Motocross
* Motorcycle chariot racing
* Rally raid
* Track racing

Motorboat racing|

* Drag boat racing
* Hydroplane racing
* Jet sprint boat racing
* Inshore powerboat racing
* Offshore powerboat racing

Other|

* Air racing
* Radio-controlled car racing
* Slot car racing
* Street racing

Board racing|

* Longboarding
* Sandboarding
* Slalom skateboarding
* Street luge

Winter racing|

* Alpine skiing
* Cross-country skiing
* Snowboard cross
* Speed skating
* Sledding

Multi-sport racing|

* Adventure racing
* Triathlon
* Duathlon
* Aquathlon

* List of forms of racing

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Extreme and adventure sports

Boardsports|

* Bellyboarding
* Bodyboarding
* Dirtsurfing
* Kite landboarding
* Kiteboarding
* Longboarding
* Mountainboarding
* Riverboarding
* Sandboarding
* Skateboarding
* Skimboarding
* Skysurfing
* Snowboarding
* Snowskating
* Street luging
* Surfing
* River surfing
* Wakeboarding
* Windsurfing

Motorsports|

* Drifting
* Motocross
* Rallycross
* Rallying
* Rally raid
* Snocross

Water sports|

* Coasteering
* Freediving
* High diving
* Jet Skiing
* Scuba diving
* Cave diving
* Technical diving
* Snorkeling
* Water skiing
* Whitewater canoeing
* Whitewater kayaking
* Whitewater rafting

Climbing|

* Canyoning
* Crane climbing
* Ice climbing
* Mixed climbing
* Mountaineering
* Alpine climbing
* Rock climbing
* Big wall climbing
* Free solo climbing
* Traditional climbing
* Skyrunning

Falling|

* BASE jumping
* Free BASE
* Ski-BASE jumping
* Bungee jumping
* Cliff-diving
* Cliff jumping
* Tombstoning
* Parachuting/Skydiving

Flying|

* Aerobatics
* Air racing
* Gliding
* Hang gliding
* Paragliding
* Powered paragliding
* Parasailing
* Speed flying
* Wingsuit flying

Cycling|

* BMX
* BMX racing
* Freestyle BMX
* Mountain biking
* Downhill

Rolling|

* Freestyle scootering
* Inline skating
* Aggressive inline skating
* Vert skating
* Roller skating

Skiing|

* Extreme skiing
* Freeriding
* Freestyle skiing
* Speed skiing
* Ski mountaineering

Sledding|

* Bobsleigh
* Extreme sledding
* Luge
* Skeleton

Others|

* Adventure racing
* Caving
* Cheese rolling
* Extreme ironing
* Extreme Pogo
* Fell running
* Obstacle racing
* Orienteering
* Powerbocking
* Slacklining
* Ultramarathon
* Zip-lining

Authority control databases

National|

* United States
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

*[USA]: United States
*[LTU]: Lithuania
*[GRE]: Greece
*[BEL]: Belgium
*[JPN]: Japan
*[GER]: Germany
*[FIN]: Finland
*[AUT]: Austria
*[NZL]: New Zealand
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