Ultras

Fanatical association football fans

For other uses, see Ultras (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Football hooliganism.

"Active support" redirects here. For the engineering concept, see Active structure.

Ultras of Levski Sofia Ultras of Lazio

Ultras are a type of association football fans who are renowned for their fanatical support. The term originated in Italy, but is used worldwide to describe predominantly organised fans of association football teams. The behavioural tendency of ultras groups includes singing football chants, playing musical instruments such as drums, their use of flares and smoke bombs (primarily in tifo choreography), frequent use of elaborate displays, vocal support in large groups and the displaying of flags and banners at football stadiums, all of which are designed to create an atmosphere which encourages their own team and intimidates the opposing players and their supporters. These groups also commonly organise trips to attend away games.

Ultras groups have been responsible for many cases of football hooliganism and violence,[1] although differently from hooligan firms, ultras do not have the explicit objective of fighting other fans.[2] Ultras groups are also in some cases directly linked to ideologies like neo-Nazism and other forms of far-right politics,[3][4][5] and sometimes far-left politics.[6][7] In some instances, hooliganism and/or this politicisation goes to the point where support for their team is relegated to a secondary feature of the phenomenon.[8]

In recent decades, the culture has become a focal point for the movement against the commercialisation of sports and football in particular.[9] Ultras also have regional variants and analogues, such as hooligans in the United Kingdom, barra bravas in Hispanic America,[10] and torcidas organizadas in Brazil.[11]

## History[edit]

Barra bravas of Club Atlético Independiente in the 1960s

The origin of the ultras movement is disputed,[12] with many supporters groups from various countries making claims solely on the basis of their dates of foundation. The level of dispute and confusion is aided by a contemporary tendency (mainly in Europe) to categorise all groups of overtly fanatical supporters as ultras. Supporters groups of a nature comparable to the ultras have been present in Brazil since 1939, when the first torcida organizada was formed (although these groups began to focus on violence in the 1970s). Inspired by the torcidas and the colourful scenes of the 1950 World Cup, supporters of Hajduk Split formed Torcida Split on 28 October 1950.[13] The group is often cited as the oldest torcida style group in Europe. But the first supporters' groups in the world formed to produce violence were barras bravas, originated in Argentina in the 1950s.

Torcida Jovem of Santos in Brazil. An example of a Brazilian Torcida Organizada

One country closely associated with the ultras movement is Italy.[12][14] The first Italian ultras groups were formed in 1951, including the Fedelissimi Granata of Torino. The 1960s saw the continuing spread and development of the culture with the formation of the Fossa dei Leoni and Boys San groups, the former often regarded in Italy as the first full-fledged ultras group (associated with violence). The term "ultras" was used as a name for the first time in 1969, when supporters of Sampdoria formed the Ultras Tito Cucchiaroni and fans of Torino formed the Ultras Granata. The style of support that would become synonymous with Italian football developed most during the 1970s, as more groups formed, including the radical S.S. Lazio Ultras in 1974, with a strong predominance of fascist slogans and chants amongst other groups such as Hellas Verona supporters. The active support of the ultras became more apparent, in contrast with the "traditional" culture, choreographic displays, signature banners and symbols, giant flags, drums and fireworks became the norm as groups aimed to take their support to higher levels.[15] The decade also saw the violence and unrest of Italian society at the time overlap with the ultras movement, adding a dimension that has plagued it ever since.[16] The ultras movement spread across Europe, Australia, Asia and North Africa during the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, starting with the countries geographically closest to Italy.[17]

## Characteristics[edit]

Ultras groups are usually centred on a core group of founders or leaders (who tend to hold executive control),[18] with smaller subgroups organised by location, friendship or political stance. Ultras tend to use various styles and sizes of banners and flags bearing the name and symbols of their group.[18][19] Some ultras groups sell their own merchandise to raise funds for performing displays.[18][20] An ultras group can number from a handful of fans to hundreds or thousands, with larger groups often claiming entire sections of a stadium for themselves. Ultras groups often have a representative who liaises with the club owners on a regular basis, mostly regarding tickets, seat allocations and storage facilities.[18] Some clubs provide groups with cheaper tickets, storage rooms for flags and banners and early access to the stadium before matches to prepare displays. These types of favoured relationships are often criticised when ultras groups abuse their power.[5]

### Hooliganism[edit]

Polish football hooligans in violent clash

While ultras groups can become violent, the majority of matches attended by ultras conclude with no violent incidents. Unlike hooligan firms, whose main aim is to fight hooligans of other clubs, the main focus of ultras is generally to support their own team.[1] Some hooligans try to be inconspicuous when they travel; usually not wearing team colours, to avoid detection by the police. Within the ultra or hooligan culture however, those dressing to "blend in" would be referred to as casuals, which is viewed by some as a branch of hooliganism, yet still maintaining its own independence and culture. Ultras tend to be more conspicuous when they travel, proudly displaying their scarves and club colours while arriving en masse, which allows the police to keep a close eye on their movements.

## Europe[edit]

### France[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Parc des Princes | Paris Saint-Germain | –Collectif Ultras Paris 2016
Stade Vélodrome | Olympique de Marseille | –Commando Ultra '84
– Club des Amis de l'OM 1987
– South Winners 1987
– Fanatics 1988
– Dodger's 1992
– Marseille Trop Puissant 1994
– Handi Fan Club 2005
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard | AS Saint-Étienne | –Associés Supporters 1970
– Magic Fans 1991
– Green Angels 1992
–Indépendantistes Stéphanois 1998
– Union des Supporters Stéphanois 2004
Groupama Stadium | Olympique Lyonnais | –Bad Gones
– Lyon 1950
– Hex@gones
– Amicale des Rouge & Bleu
– Générations OL
– O'Elle Club
– Handi Sup OL
– Gastrogones 69
– OL Muséum
– Dauphigones
– Brigade Lyon
– Les Canuts de l'OL
Stade Louis-II | AS Monaco | –Le Club des supporters de Monaco
– Ultras Monaco 1994

### Scotland[edit]

In Scotland, Ultras Aberdeen are the ultras group who follow Aberdeen F.C, they organise chants and choreography in the Merkland Road Stand, at Pittodrie Stadium, also known as the "Red Shed".[98] the Green Brigade are an ultras group that follow Celtic F.C. and regularly make tifo displays and often voice support for a United Ireland. They are left-wing. On the other side of Glasgow are the Rangers F.C ultra group The Union Bears.[21] The Union Bears are known for their elaborate fan displays and their support for Northern Irish and Scottish unionism within the UK. They celebrate and support the Protestant history of both Rangers and Scotland. Block Seven are a supporters group that support Hibernian FC, the Gorgie Ultras support rivals, Heart of Midlothian FC.

### England[edit]

In England, there are ultras groups at, Hartlepool United known as the NWC, Middlesbrough F.C (Red Faction), Norwich City (City Elite), Crystal Palace F.C. (Holmesdale Fanatics), Ipswich Town F.C (Blue Action), Leicester City F.C (Union FS), Huddersfield Town F.C (Cowshed Loyal), and Stockport County (Hatters 83), Bristol City (Section 82), Arsenal (Ashburton Army) [22][23][24] Several non-league football teams in England have ultras groups that are left-wing, such as the fans of Dulwich Hamlet F.C. who have a group called The Rabble.[25][26] A Vice article claims Casuals United are at war with anti-fascist football ultras.[27]

In Early 2022, a Norwich City supporters group was formed known as City Elite, they have grown to become one of the leading fan groups at the club after many set backs with the club they have now been approached by the club to help with the new safe standing plans and they hope to be given a singing section within the Barclay.

In late 2022, an Arsenal F.C. supporters group called "Ashburton Army" gained prominence, taking their name from Ashburton Grove, an historic road upon which the team's Emirates Stadium was built.[28][29][30]

In 2024, following the inception of the group and a subsequent meeting with club officials, an Aston Villa F.C. supporters group called "The 1897 Group" were allocated a section of the club's home stadium Villa Park for a Premier League match against A.F.C. Bournemouth to launch the group's presence at Aston Villa's matches.[31]

### Hungary[edit]

Singing at sector B Central during the opening ceremonies of the Puskás Aréna on 15 November 2019

Several clubs in Hungary have large ultras groups, such as Ferencváros (Green Monsters), Újpest (Viola Fidelity), Diósgyőr (Ultras Diósgyőr), Honvéd (Ultras Kispest, Északi Kanyar), Fehérvár (Red Blue Devils), Tatabánya (Turul Ultrái), and Debrecen (Szívtiprók Ultras Debrecen). The national team of Hungary has an ultras group known as the Carpathian Brigade. The group was formed in 2009. Hungarian ultras occupy sector B Central at the Puskás Aréna.

### Portugal[edit]

Benfica group, No Name Boys, Lisbon, 2008 Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Estádio do Dragão | FC Porto | – Super Dragões 1986
– Colectivo Ultras 95
Estádio do Bessa | Boavista FC | – Panteras Negras 84
Estádio da Luz | SL Benfica | – Иo Иame Boys 92
– Diabos Vermelhos 82
– Grupo Manks 96
Estádio José Alvalade | Sporting CP | – Juventude Leonina 1976
– Torcida Verde
– Directivo Ultras XXI
– Brigada Ultras Sporting
Estádio de São Luís | Farense | – South Side Boys
Estádio José Gomes | CF Estrela da Amadora | – Magia Tricolor
Estádio Municipal de Braga | SC Braga | – Red Boys 92
– Bracara Legion 2003
Estádio Municipal 22 de Junho | F.C. Famalicão | – Fama Boys 1990
Estádio D. Afonso Henriques | Vitória SC | – White Angels 1999
– Insane Guys 1994
Estádio Comendador Manuel Violas | S.C. Espinho | – Desnorteados
Complexo Desportivo de Campanhã | S.C. Salgueiros | – Alma Salgueirista 1985
Estádio Marques da Silva | AD Ovarense | – Fans_1921

### Greece[edit]

In Greece, most professional football teams have an ultras group. Most of them are named after a gate number which refers to the specific place where the fans are situated at the stadium. Others have actual names or no special names at all and they are named after their supporting team.

Club  | Name  | Stadium

|
|

Olympiacos F.C | Gate 7 | Karaiskakis Stadium
AEK Athens F.C | Original 21 (sometimes Gate 21)  | Agia Sophia Stadium
PAOK F.C | Gate 4 | Toumba Stadium
Aris Thessaloniki F.C | SUPER-3  | Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium
Panathinaikos F.C | Gate 13 | Leoforos Stadium
Atromitos Athinon F.C | Fentagin  | Peristeri Stadium
OFI Crete F.C | Gate 4 (Snakes)  | Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium
Panetolikos F.C | Gate 6 (Warriors)  | Panetolikos Stadium
Asteras Tripolis F.C | Tigers  | Theodoros Kolokotronis Stadium
AEL F.C | Monsters (Gate 1)  | AEL FC Arena
Panionios F.C | Panthers  | Panionios Stadium
Iraklis F.C | Autonomous Gate 10  |
PAS Lamia F.C | Gate 3  |
Panseraikos F.C | Gate 5  |
PAS Giannina F.C | Pagouria  | Zosimades Stadium
Egaleo F.C | Gate 12  |

### Kosovo[edit]

* Plisat \- FC Prishtina
* Torcida \- KF Trepça
* Arpagjik't \- KF Liria
* Kuqezinjet e Jakoves \- KF Vëllaznimi
* Besa Boys \- FC Besa
* Intelektualet \- FC Drita
* Xhebrailat \- FC Ballkani
* Skifterat \- SC Gjilani
* Legjendat \- KF Llapi

### Denmark[edit]

FC Copenhagen (Sektion 12) and Brøndby IF (Sydsiden) have some of the most renowned ultras groups on the continent, and the derby between the two is also one of the fiercest in Europe.[32]

AaB's ultras group caused a 14-minute delay in the 2020 Danish Cup final for a failure to adhere to COVID-19 social distancing rules.[33] The group was ultimately ejected from the stadium and the game resumed, which was won by Sønderjyske.

### Italy[edit]

AC Milan ultras in 2006

In Italy, most professional football clubs have an ultras group which attends every match and has dedicated seating areas in either the north or south end of the stadium behind the goals. Each ultras group will have one or more leaders who choreograph chants, and who hand out banners and flags to other people in the stand to wave throughout the match. Ultras have been credited with creating fantastic atmospheres inside the stadium; however they have also come under universal criticism because of ties to various gangs and the mafia, as well as causing violence which often takes place outside the stadium prior to a match. Over the years inappropriate chanting has resulted in the FIGC issuing partial or full stadium bans to clubs. The ultras will choreograph a wide range of chants throughout a match, but some of the most common chants that result in a ban are anti-Southern chants towards clubs which are located in the South of Italy, most notably towards Napoli, as well as racist chants towards opposition players. However, these issues only partially represent parts of the Ultras culture in Italy – Ultras in Italy are also known for fighting criminals and the Mafia, giving housing to immigrants or helping Italian citizens in need, as well as aiding with food and money during the Covid pandemic to their local hospitals.[34][35]

### Republic of Ireland[edit]

Several groups exist in Rep. of Ireland, as follows:

Shamrock Rovers \- SRFC Ultras
St Patrick's Athletic \- Shed End Invincibles
Drogheda United \- Famous 45 Ultras
Dundalk FC \- Shed Side Army
Bohemian FC \- Notorious Boo Boys
Galway United F.C. \- maroon army
Waterford FC \- Block E Boys
Finn Harps FC \- Ballybofey brigade

### Northern Ireland[edit]

The ultras scene in Northern Ireland is new, and since these have begun, the younger generation of fans in Northern Ireland has increased more than it has in many years.[citation needed]

Club  | Name

|

Glentoran F.C. | Glentoran Ultras
Linfield F.C. | Blue Unity
Cliftonville F.C. | Red Fanatics
Coleraine F.C. | Coleraine Casual Army
Larne F.C. | Casual Inver Army

### Poland[edit]

The first Polish ultras groups were formed in 1980s by fans of Legia Warszawa and Arka Gdynia. Those early ultra groups identified as either fascist or national-socialist and opposed communist government of Wojciech Jaruzelski. The 1990s saw the continuing spread and development of the ultra culture with the formation of the Wisła Sharks and Cracovia Jude Gang groups, the former often regarded in Poland as the first full-fledged ultras group. With intimidating and non-stop chanting, they've made their presence felt in the stands.[36] Modern hooligans try to be inconspicuous when they enter the stadium; usually not wearing team colours, to avoid detection by the police and PZPN officials.[37]

### Spain[edit]

Spanish ultraism is generally agreed to have come from Italian and English ultraism and hooliganism at the 1982 World Cup held in Spain. Held only seven years after the death of Franco, the World Cup was an opportunity for Spain to join the world of modern international football. Spanish ultraism is particularly known for its dramatic and polarized distinction across two ideological cleavages: fascism and nationalism. The vast majority of ultra groups identify as either fascist or anti-fascist, and either independentist or nationalist.[38]

### The Netherlands[edit]

In The Netherlands, most professional football teams have an ultras group. the first ultras groups in the Netherlands were formed in the 1970s by fans of Feyenoord they called themselves S.C.F. Hooligans. After S.C.F. Hooligans were formed many other ultras groups started forming such as AFC Ajax (F-side) FC Utrecht (Bunnikside) ADO Den Haag (north side) De Graafschap (Brigata Tifosi) FC Twente (Vak-P)

### Belgium[edit]

Most clubs in Belgium have an ultra-group, such as Sporting Charleroi (Storm Ultras 2001), Sint-Truidense V.V. (Brigada Hesbania), KRC Genk (Drughi Genk), RSC Anderlecht (Mauves Army 2003) Standard Liège (Ultras Inferno 1996)

### Luxembourg[edit]

Several clubs in Luxembourg have an ultras group, such as FC Differdange 03 (UD45), Jeunesse Esch (Ultras Esch), Avenir Beggen (Ultras Beggen), Luxembourg national football team (M-Block)

### Bosnia and Herzegovina[edit]

People in Bosnia and Herzegovina are known for their national ultras group BHFanaticos. Also, they have a few ultras that are connected to football clubs Manijaci, Horde zla, Lešinari, Red Army, Škripari, Ultrasi and many more.

### Cyprus[edit]

Gate-9 (Greek:Θύρα 9) is a Cypriot fans' group that supports the football team People's Athletic Club Omonia 1948 and all the sport departments of AC Omonia except football. Omonia supporters are traditionally left wing. A 2009 gallop poll estimated that three out of four Omonia fans vote for the Progressive Party of Working People, the communist party of Cyprus.[39] While the group retains its left wing beliefs, in recent years it has been openly critical of the party's involvement in the club's administrative decisions. The party has denied accusations that it influences club decisions.[40] Gate-9 members are associated with communist beliefs and have been noted for waving banners bearing Che Guevara's portrait, and other communist symbols.[41] The group is also involved in humanitarian work for refugees in Cyprus.[42] The group, besides Nicosia, has fan clubs in Limassol, Athens, Thessaloniki, Larnaka,[43] Paphos,[44] and London.[45]

There are also ultras groups affiliated with the APOEL FC[46] and the Anorthosis Famagusta FC.[47]

### Malta[edit]

Although small in size, Malta has some notable ultras groups. The main ultras groups in Malta are Birkirkara Ultras 1997, Ultras Beltin 99, and Paola Boys Hibs Ultras, as well as the Maltese national football team ultras group, the South End Core.

### Ukraine[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Chernihiv Stadium | Desna Chernihiv | – Ultras Desna

### Romania[edit]

Romania's ultras only finds itself in the traditional teams like Steaua București, Dinamo București and Rapid București; but there are some small ultras groups which support their local club. The biggest ultras groups are: Peluza Nord Steaua, Peluza Sud Steaua, Peluza Cătălin Hîldan, Peluza Sud Dinamo, Peluza Nord Rapid, t2 Rapid, Peluza Şepcile Roşii and Peluza Nord Hunedoara. There are also some honourable mentions like Peluza Marină Farul, Peluza Sud Craiova, Peluza Nord Craiova and Peluza Nord Galați.

### Türkiye[edit]

The three big clubs of Turkey, namely Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray, have a dedicated and passionate fanbase. The ultras of these clubs are Çarşı, Genç Fenerbahçeliler and UltrAslan, respectively.

### Bulgaria[edit]

The most famous ultras in Bulgaria are Sector G (CSKA Sofia), Sector B (Levski Sofia), Bultras (Botev Plovdiv), and Lauta Army (Lokomotiv Plovdiv).

## Africa[edit]

### Algeria[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Douera Sportpark Stadium | MC Alger | – Ultras the Twelfth Player 2011
– Ultras Green Corsaires 2012
– Ultra' Amore E Mentalita 2019
Stade 20 Août 1955,
Skikda | JSM Skikda | – Ultras Senza Confine 13
– Ultras Ouled Russicada 2015
Mohamed Hamlaoui Stadium,
Constantine | CS Constantine | – Ultras Loca Ragazzi 2010
– Ultras Green Army 2012
– Ultra' Iqbal 2023
April 13, 1958 Stadium,
Saida | MC Saida |

– Ultras Méga Boys 2007

20 August 1955 Stadium (Algiers),
| CR Belouizdad |

– Ultras Fanatic Reds 09

Stade 8 Mai 1945,
Setif | ES Setif | – Ultras Inferno 10
Stade du 5 Juillet,
| USM Alger | – Les Unionistes Algérois
– Alger Offender
– El Assima
– Les Originaires d'Alger
Ahmed Zabana Stadium,
Oran | MC Oran | – Ultras Red Castle 2011
– Ultras Leones Rey 2009
– Forza Mouloudia
Maghrebi Unity Stadium | MO Bejaia | – Ultras Granchio 09
– Ultras Saldae Kings 2011
– Ultras Free Men 16
– La Banda Berberista
– Bejaia Offender
May 19, 1956 Stadium | USM Annaba | – Les indepandants de bone 12
– Ultras Sparta Rosso 15
1 November 1954 Stadium (Tizi Ouzou)
| JS Kabylie | – Ultras Kabylie Boys 09
– Ultras The Leader 2013
– Ultras Samba Boys 2013
20 August 1955 Stadium (Algiers),
Algiers | NA Hussein Dey |

– Ultra Dey Boys 09
– Ultras Crazy Capital 14

Mohamed Boumezrag Stadium,
Chlef | ASO Chlef |

– Ultras Polina 10
– Ultras Asnam Boys 1437
– Groupe Djawarih 2014
– Group Armata Rosso 2019

1 November 1954 Stadium (Batna),
| CA Batna | – Ultras Aurès Boys 2009
– Ultras Furia Roja 2013
Stade Imam Lyes,
Médéa | O Medea | – Ultra' Olympic Medea
–  Titteri Ragazzi 2024
February 24, 1956 Stadium,
Sidi Bel Abbès | USM Bel Abbès |

– Ultras Scorpion Trop Puissant
– Ultras Verde Veteranos

1 November 1954 Stadium (Algiers) | USM El Harrach |

– Grinta Curva(UGG & UYC)
– Ultra' Combattiva

20 August 1955 Stadium,
Bordj Bou Arréridj | CA Bordj Bou Arréridj | – Ultras Commandos 2008
– Ultras Monstros 18
El Alia Sports Complex | US Biskra |

– Ultras Pandilla Ziban
– Groupe Ouled el Ziban

Touhami Zoubir Khelifi Stadium | AS Aïn M'lila |

– Red Scorpion
– RossoNero

Stade Akid Lotfi | WA Tlemcen |

– Ultras Kop 13

Stade 20 Août 1955 (Béchar) | JS Saoura |

– Ultras Giallo Verde

Stade Messaoud Zougar | MC El Eulma |

– Ultras Vikings 2009
– Ultras Red Army 2013

Maghrebi Unity Stadium | JSM Bejaia |

– Ultras Gouraya United
– Ultras Marins

1 November 1954 Stadium (Batna),
| MSP Batna |

– Ultras Pantera Nera 2009

Ismaïl Makhlouf Stadium | RC Arbaâ |

– Ultras Blue Vichingo
– Ultras Tauras Blue

Stade Tahar Zoughari | RC Relizane |

– Ultras Verde Corazon
– Ultras Mina Men

Amar Hamam Stadium | USM Khenchela |

– Ultras Mascula 13
– Casa Nera

Stade Mokhtar Abdelatif | Amal Bou Saâda |

– Ultras Ouled el Khadra

Habib Bouakeul Stadium | ASM Oran |

– Ultras Verde Lupo

Stade Mohamed Reggaz | WA Boufarik |

– Ultras Orange W'arriors 2015
– La Fiamma

Stade Ben Abdelmalek | MO Constantine |

– Ultras Libertados
– Ultras Ouled Ben Badis

Rouibah Hocine Stadium | JS Djijel |

– Ultras Green Gunners
– Ultras Free Fans
– Ouled el Corniche

Brakni Brothers Stadium | USM Blida |

– Ultras Green Killers 2014
– Les Blidéens

Stade Souidani Boujemaa | ES Guelma |

– Ultras Rebells Ragazzi

Omar Oucief Stadium | CR Témouchent |

– Ultras Red Wolves

Ahmed Kaïd Stadium | JSM Tiaret |

– Ultras Cavalier Blue
– Ultras Blue Eagles

Stade Amar Benjamaa | ES Collo |

– Ultras Los Marinos 23

Stade Mohamed Bensaïd | ES Mostaganem |

– Ultras Verde Marinero 12

Stade Mohamed Bensaïd | WA Mostaganem |

– El Widadyoun 1945

Stade de l'Unité Africaine | GC Mascara |

– Ultras Green Storm 2008

Stade Zerdani Hassouna | US Chaouia |

– Ultras Giallo Boys

Mohamed Benhaddad Stadium | RC Kouba |

– Ultras Green Fans
– Ultras Raed 2015

1 November 1954 stadium | US Souf | - Group Quicksand 2023
13 February Stadium | CR Béni Thour |

– Ultras Crazy Fans
– Les vrais 30

Salah Takdjerad Stadium | JS Bordj Ménaïel | - Pure Blood 2023
1 November 1954 stadium | Olympique Akbou | - Ultras Brawers
11 December 1961 Stadium | HB Chelghoum Laïd | - Ragazzi Verde
Mohamed Belkebir Stadium | SKAF Khemis Miliana | - Cardellino Scuola
Mohamed Mouaz Stadium | ESM Koléa | - Ultras Etoile Verde
Ahmed Khalfa Stadium | WR M'Sila | - Ouled el hodna
Mila Stadium | CB Mila | - Ultras Salerno 2011
El Milia Stadium | CRB EL Milia | - Les Fidèles 2017

### Morocco[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium | Association Sportive des FAR | – Ultras Askary 2005
– Black Army 2006
Stade Mohamed V | Wydad Casablanca | – Ultras Winners 2005
Stade Mohamed V | Raja CA | – Ultras Green Boys 2005
– Ultras Eagles 2006
Ibn Batouta Stadium | Ittihad Riadi Tanger | – Ultra Hercules 2007
Complexe sportif de Fès | Maghreb de Fès | – Ultras Fatal Tigers 2006
Complexe sportif de Fès | Wydad de Fès | – Ultras Bianco Nero 2008
Complexe sportif de Phosphate | Olympique Club de Khouribga | – Ultras Green Ghost 2007
Stade Municipal (Kenitra) | Kenitra athletic club | – Ultras Helala Boys 2007
Stade Adrar | Hassania Agadir | – Ultras Imazighen 2006
Stade Saniat Rmel | Moghreb Tetouan | – Ultras Los Matadores 2005
– Ultras Siempre Paloma 2006
Stade Municipal de Berkane | RS Berkane | – Ultras Orange Boys 07
Stade Mimoun Al Arsi | Chabab Rif Al Hoceima | – Ultras Rif Boys 2010
– Ultras Los Rifeños 2012
Stade El Massira | Olympic Safi | – Ultras Shark 2006
Stade du 18 novembre | Ittihad Khemisset | – Ultras Cavaliers Family 2009
Stade de Marrakech | Kawkab Marrakech | – Ultras Crazy Boys 2006
Honneur Stadium | MC Oujda | – Ultras Brigade Wajda 2007
Honneur Stadium | USM Oujda | – Ultras Pioneers 10
Stade Boubker Ammar | AS Salé | – Ultras Red Pirates 06
– Ultras Pirates 07
– Ultras Fanatics 09
Stade Municipal De Khénifra | Chabab Atlas Khénifra | – Ultras Zayan Boys 2008
– Ultras Révoltés 2012
Stade D'honneur De Meknès | COD Meknès | – Ultras Red Men 2008
– Ultras Vulcano Rosso 2010
Stade El Abdi | Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi | – Ultras Cap Soleil 2007
Stade Municipal (Oued Zem)) | Rapide Oued Zem | – Ultras Martyrs 2007
Berrechid Municipal Stadium | Youssoufia Berrechid | – Ultras Liberta 13
Stade d'honneur de Beni Mellal | Raja Beni Mellal | – Ultras Star Boys 2007
Complexe Bernoussi | CR Bernoussi | – Ultras Imbrator 2012
Stade de Settat | RS Settat | – Ultras Masked 2008
Stade Tiznit | Amal Tiznit | – Ultras Risings 2008
Stade de Tan-Tan | NS Tantan | – Ultras 2Tan Boys 2008
Stade du 16 Novembre | Chabab Houara | – Ultras Giallo Pizzi 2009
Stade Municipal d'Aït Melloul | USM Aït Melloul | – Ultras Swassa Boys 2011
Stade du Errachidia | US Errachidia | – Ultras Sand Men 2012
The Curva Sud in a RCA vs OCS match in 2022

The history of Moroccan ultras can be traced back to the early 2000s, with the formation of the first ultras group, Ultras Tanger, in 2003. However, the first ultras group that still exists today is Ultras Green Boys, which was founded in 2005 to support Raja Casablanca. That same year, Ultras Winners was also founded to support Wydad Casablanca. The Moroccan ultras movement quickly gained momentum and popularity, with other notable groups such as Ultras Eagles (also supporting Raja Casablanca), being formed in 2006. Moroccan ultras groups are heavily influenced by European ultras movements, and are known for their passionate and dedicated support of their favorite football clubs. They are also known for their elaborate displays of choreographed support, including banners, flags, flares, and coordinated chants. Despite facing challenges, such as financial costs and loss of members, Moroccan ultras groups remain an important part of the country's football culture, known for their intense rivalries and unwavering support of their clubs.

### Egypt[edit]

The clubs in Egypt became a major political force during the uprising against Mubarak in 2011, but were known for long-standing animosity with the police.[48] When 38 members of the Ultras Devils were arrested in "Shebeen al-Kom" for "belonging to an illegal group" plus additional violent offences, it was seen as a crackdown on the organisations by authorities.[48]

Ultras of Zamalek

In 2013, the Associated Press stated that the Egyptian Ultras network was one of the most organised movements in Egypt after the Muslim Brotherhood.[48]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Cairo International Stadium | Al Ahly SC | – Ultras Ahlawy
– Ultras Devils
Cairo International Stadium | Zamalek SC | – Ultras White Knights (UWK)
Port Said Stadium | Al-Masry SC | – Ultras Green Eagles
Suez Stadium | Suez Montakhab | – Ultras Suez Fedyan
Ghazl El Mahalla Stadium | Ghazl El Mahalla SC | – Ultras Whales 2008
Ismailia Stadium | Ismaily SC | – Ultras Yellow Dragons
– Ultras Rebels
Alexandria Stadium | Al Ittihad Alexandria Club | – Ultras Green Magic
El Mansoura Stadium | El Mansoura SC | – Ultras Orange Dragons
Aswan Stadium | Aswan SC | – Ultras Nile Crocodile
El Minya Stadium | El Minya SC | – Ultras Red Camels
Tanta Stadium | Tanta SC | – Ultras 300
Damanhour Stadium | Ala'ab Damanhour SC | \- Ultras Blue Anaconda
Zagazig University Stadium | Sharkia SC | – Ultras Green Horses
– Sons of Oraby
Shebin Stadium | Gomhoriat Shebin SC | – Ultras Balck Horses
El Mahalla Stadium | Baladiyat El Mahalla SC | – Ultras Red Tigers 2011

### Tunisia[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Stade Olympique de Radès | ES Tunis | Curva Sud Tunis
– Ultras Lemkachkhines 2002
– Zapatista Esperanza 2007
– Fedayn Espérantistes 2009
– Matadors 2008
Stade Olympique de Radès | Club Africain | Curva Nord Tunis
– African Winners 2003
– Leaders Clubistes 2003
– North Vandals 2007
– Dodgers Clubistes 2007
Stade Taïeb Mhiri | CS Sfaxien |  Curva Nord Sfax
– Black & White Fighters 2003
– Raged Boys 2007
– Ultras Sfaxiens 2007
– Leoni Bianconeri 2007
– Drughi Bianconeri 2013
Stade Olympique de Sousse | ES Sahel | Curva Nord Sousse
– Brigade Rouge 2001
– Ultras Fanatics 2003
– Ultras Saheliano 2007
Stade 15 October | CA Bizertin | – Ultras Big Boss 2010
– Ultras Marines 2005
Hedi Ennaifer Stadium | Stade Tunisien | – Ultras Bardo Boys 2002
Stade Abdelaziz Chtioui | AS Marsa | – Vikings Marsois 2011

### Libya[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

The Tripoli International Stadium | Al-Ittihad Club (Tripoli) | – Ultras Dragone 1989
– Ultras Teha Boys 2010
– Ultras Teha 2010
The Tripoli International Stadium | Al Ahli SC (Tripoli) | – Ultras Flame Boys 2010
– Ultras Green Monsters 2016
The Tripoli International Stadium | Al-Madina SC | – Hawatuh Boys 2023
Martyrs of February Stadium | Al-Ahly SC (Benghazi) | – Ultras Butchers 2009
– Ultras Jazzara 2010
– Ultras Red Inferno 2021
Martyrs of February Stadium | Al-Nasr SC (Benghazi) | – Ultras Green Eagles 2010
– Ultras Carboniera 2013
Martyrs of February Stadium | Al Tahaddy SC | – Ultras Panthers Boys 2018
Misurata Stadium | Asswehly SC | – Ultras Misurata Knights 2010
Misurata Stadium | Alittihad Misurata SC | – Ultras Misurata Ghosts 2018
Al Bayda Stadium | Al Akhdar SC | – Ultras Dour 2018
Al Khums Stadium | Al Khums SC | – Ultras Hera Boys 2018
– Ultras Alreyas Boys 2023
Sorman Stadium | Rafik Sorman | – Ultras Rofa Warriors 2018
10 June Stadium | Al Ta'awon SC | – Ultras Sa7ara 2018
Al marj Stadium | Al-Morouj SC | – Ultras Crimson Snakes 2019
Derna Stadium | Darnes SC | – Tribuna Ragazzi 2020
Jumayl Stadium | Al-Mustaqbal (football club) | – Ultras Fighters 2021
Zaawia Stadium | Olympic Azzaweya | – Ultras Blue Castle 2023
Zuwara Stadium | Aljazeera SC | – Ultras Yellow Army 2023
Tobruk Stadium | Al-Suqoor Club | – Ultras Dean Boys 2024

### Sudan[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Al-Merrikh Stadium | Al-Merrikh SC | –Ultras Jawareh 2008
–Ultras Olympus Mons 13
Al-Hilal Stadium | Al-Hilal SC | – Ultras Blue Lions 2008

### Rwanda[edit]

stadium  | club  | name

|
|

Amahoro Stadium | Rayon Sports F.C. | The blues of Rwanda
Amahoro Stadium | APR F.C. | zone 5
Umuganda Stadium | Etincelles F.C. | Etincelles F.C. fans

### Lesotho[edit]

stadium  | club  | name

|
|

Hlotse Stadium  | Linare FC | ULTRAS LINARES
Pitso Ground  | Matlama FC | Ultras Matlama

### South Africa[edit]

stadium  | club  | name

|
|

Orlando Stadium | Orlando Pirates F.C. | The Sea Robbers
Amakhosi Stadium | Kaizer Chiefs F.C. | Amakhosi
Cape Town Stadium | Cape Town City F.C. (2016) | Ultras Blue Eagels
Free State Stadium | Bloemfontein Celtic F.C. | Unity Supporters
Cape Town Stadium | Cape Town Spurs F.C. | Urban Warriors

## Asia[edit]

### Bangladesh[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name  | Notes

|
|
|

Bashundhara Kings Arena | Bashundhara Kings | Bashundhara Kings Ultras | First ever registered fan Ultras in Bangladesh.[49] It was founded in 2021.

### China[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Workers' Stadium | Beijing Guoan FC | The Royal Army（御林军）

### Palestine[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Dura International Stadium | Shabab Al-Khalil SC | –Ultras Khalele 2011
Faisal Al-Husseini International Stadium | Hilal Al-Quds Club | – Group Hilaly

### Jordan[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Amman International Stadium | Al-Faisaly SC | –Ultras Al Faisaly 2013
King Abdullah II Stadium | Al-Wehdat SC | – Wehdaty Group 2012
–Ultras Green Knights 2018

### Iraq[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Al-Shaab Stadium | Al-Shorta SC | –Ultras Green Harp 2012
Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Stadium | Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya | – Ultras Blue Hawk 2012
Sulaymaniyah Stadium | Sulaymaniya SC | –Ultras Sulaimaniy
Franso Hariri Stadium | Erbil SC | – Ultras Qalla
Al-Zawra'a Stadium | Al-Zawraa | –Ultras The Kings

### Saudi Arabia[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

King Abdullah | Al-Ittihad | –Ultras Golden Tigers 2011
King Fahd | Al Hilal | – Ultras Blue Wave 2011
KSU Stadium | Al Nassr | –Ultras Al Aalami 2011
King Abdullah | Al Ahli | – Ultras Al Malaki 2011

### Syria[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Al-Assad Stadium | Tishreen SC | –Ultras Eagles 2009
Al-Baath Stadium | Jableh SC | – Ultras Blue Boys 2017
Khalid ibn al-Walid Stadium | Al-Karamah SC | –Ultras Blue Sun
Deir ez-Zor Municipal Stadium | Al-Fotuwa SC | –Ultras Blue Blood
Al-Jalaa Stadium | Al-Wahda SC (Syria) | – Ultras Orange Pliiji
Al-Assad Stadium | Hutteen SC | –Ultras Blues
Bassel al-Assad Stadium | Al-Sahel SC (Syria) | –Ultras Pirates 2017

### United Arab Emirates[edit]

Al-Wasl SC[citation needed]

Ultras Junoon is an Emirati group that was founded in 2010 by the fans of Al-Wasl Club. This club is considered to have one of the largest fan bases in the Emirates, and Al-Wasl Club fans are considered the first club that came up with the idea of Ultras in the Gulf region. It is mentioned that Al Wasl fans were the main reason for increasing excitement in the region and increasing the viewership of the league in the Emirates, in particular. The Ultras Junoon have a great ability to preserve the history of this club, and they are close to making any decision in the interest of this club.

The (Death Note) Tifo Made by (Ultras Junoon)

### Malaysia[edit]

In Malaysia, the ultras scene is characterized by the presence of "Ultras Malaya," the largest supporter club dedicated to the Malaysia national football team. "Ultras Malaya" founded in 2007 but only made their first appearances during the 2008 Merdeka Tournament when Malaysia beat Nepal 4-0.[50]

"Ultras Malaya" boasts a diverse membership with fans from different ethnic backgrounds, states, and clubs across Malaysia. The group represents fans from all 14 states and other subdivisions within Malaysia. One of the most significant rivalries in Southeast Asian football is between "Ultras Malaya" and the fans of the Indonesia national football team. This rivalry is famously known as the "Nusantara derby" and has witnessed several intense clashes before, during, and after matches between the two nations, both on and off the field.

"Ultras Malaya" witnessed a gradual increase in its membership over the years, reaching its zenith during the AFF Suzuki Cup in 2014, when the number of members soared into the tens of thousands, although exact figures are not confirmed.

As time passed, UM07, the parent organization of "Ultras Malaya," expanded its reach by establishing subsidiary groups at the state and club levels across Malaysia. These subsidiary supporter groups are passionate in their support for both their local clubs and the national team. Here are some of the main ultras and supporters groups associated with specific states and clubs:

* Johor Darul Ta'zim FC: "Boys of Straits" (Super League, formed in 2010)
* Kedah Darul Aman FC: "Ultras Kedah 09" (Super League, founded on December 29, 2009)
* Kelantan FC: "Gate H Boys" (M3 League, established in 2010)
* Kuala Lumpur City FC: "Kuala Lumpur Ultras/Cityboys" (Super League, founded on February 28, 2011)
* Melaka United: "Ultras Taming Sari" (Super League, established on January 11, 2011)
* Negeri Sembilan FC: "Ultras Nogori 9" (Super League, formed on May 15, 2010)
* Penang FC: "Ultras Panthers" (Super League, emerged in 2011)
* Perak FC: "Silver State Ultras/The Supporters" (Premier League, established in April 2009)
* Perlis FA: "Brigate Gialloblu Perlis" (Club Dissolved, formed around 2010 or 2011)
* Sabah FC: "North Borneo Ultras" (Super League, founded on April 5, 2011)
* Sarawak FA/Sarawak United: "GB13" (M3 League,[51] established in 2011)
* Selangor FC: "UltraSel Curva" (Super League, formed in 2010)

* Sri Pahang FC: "Elephant Army" (Super League, founded on February 3, 2010)

* Terengganu FC: "Ultras Tranung" (Super League, established in 2010)

Within "Ultras Malaya," the role of the Capo is crucial in leading the chanting and energizing the crowd inside the stadium. One of the most well-known Capos of "Ultras Malaya" is Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad, also known as Lekir Haji Ahmad. His leadership and coordination skills have contributed to the vibrant and passionate atmosphere during Malaysia's football matches, making him a respected figure among the ultras community.

### Lebanon[edit]

The ultras scene was introduced to Lebanon in February 2018, with Nejmeh's "Ultras Supernova" and White ultras for racing Beirut 2019.[52][53][54] Their rivals Ansar quickly followed with their own ultras group, "I Tifosi", one month later.[53] Ahed formed their own ultras group, called "Ultras Yellow Inferno", the same year.[54] Prior to the Arab Club Champions Cup game between Nejmeh and Al-Ahly of Egypt, played on 13 August 2018, seven "Ultras Supernova" fans were arrested by the Egyptian national security because of the negative connotations the word "Ultras" has in Egypt.[55] The fans have been returned to Lebanon by request of the Lebanese Ambassador to Cairo.[56]

### India[edit]

East Bengal ultras The 3D Blue Tiger tifo displayed by Blue Pilgrims in June 2018

The ultras scene in India was introduced by East Bengal Ultras, the ultras group of East Bengal FC, in 2013, and since then it grew slowly, as ultras groups of various clubs started to form and display of "Tifo's" and "Pyro" shows became very much a part of the ultras scene in Indian football.[57]

Blue Pilgrims is an organised group of football fans who support the India national football men's team, women's team, and all the other age – group national teams at every home and away game, formed by a group of football fans of several club fan bases of football clubs from India. Founded in 2017 before the commencement of the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup, which was held in India, the group based their name on the nickname of the national team, the "Blue Tigers". They consider travelling with the national teams, to wherever the teams play, as their pilgrimage. They often display flags, banners, and tifos in support of the national team.[58]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata  | East Bengal FC | – East Bengal Ultras
Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata  | East Bengal FC | – East Bengal the Real Power
Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata  | Mohun Bagan AC | – Mariners Dé Xtreme
Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata  | Mohun Bagan AC | – Mariners' Base Camp[59]
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi  | Kerala Blasters FC | – Manjappada
Sree Kanteerava Stadium, Bengalore  | Bengaluru FC | – West Block Blues
Mumbai Football Arena, Mumbai  | Mumbai City FC | – West Coast Brigade
G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium, Hyderabad  | Hyderabad FC | – Deccan Legion
Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium,

Guwahati

| NorthEast United FC | Highlander Brigade

### Iran[edit]

Persepolis ultras of this association were registered by the club's fans association in 2014, and the place of these fans was registered at the 36th position Their place is in Azadi Stadium. Persepolis ultras are nicknamed the Red Army in Asia. They have a close competition with their long-time rival, Esteghlal, and they support their team with doza bombs and fabric designs.

## Oceania[edit]

### Australia[edit]

Melbourne Victory FC supporters at the 2007 A-League Grand Final Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Coopers Stadium, Adelaide  | Adelaide United FC | – Red Army
Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane  | Brisbane Roar FC | – The Den
Industree Group Stadium, Gosford  | Central Coast Mariners FC | – Yellow Army
Campbelltown Sports Stadium, Sydney  | Macarthur FC | – The Bullpen
AAMI Park, Melbourne  | Melbourne Victory FC | – North Terrace
AAMI Park, Melbourne  | Melbourne City FC | – Yarra End Collective
McDonald Jones Stadium, Newcastle  | Newcastle Jets FC | – Squadron Novocastria
HBF Park, Perth  | Perth Glory FC | – The Shed
Allianz Stadium, Sydney  | Sydney FC | – The Cove
CommBank Stadium, Parramatta  | Western Sydney Wanderers FC | – Red and Black Bloc
AAMI Park, Melbourne  | Western United FC | – Western Service Crew

### New Zealand[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Wellington Regional Stadium, Wellington  | Wellington Phoenix | – Yellow Fever

## North America[edit]

### Canada[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Stade Saputo | CF Montréal | – Brigade Montréal
– 132 Crew
– Suppras MTL
– Bolos Crew
BMO Field | Toronto FC | – Block 114
Wanderers Grounds | HFX Wanderers FC | – Block 108 Ultras
Tim Hortons Field | Forge FC | \- Barton St. Battalion
BC Place Stadium | Whitecaps FC | \- South Siders

### United States[edit]

Stadium  | Club  | Name

|
|

Audi Field | D.C. United | – District Ultras[60]
PayPal Park | San Jose Earthquakes | – San Jose Ultras[61]
Red Bull Arena | New York Red Bulls | – Torcida 96[62]
Subaru Park | Philadelphia Union | – Sons of Ben
CenturyLink Field | Seattle Sounders FC | – Emerald City Supporters[63]
Dignity Health Sports Park | Los Angeles Galaxy | – Ghosts Ultras Galaxy
Providence Park | Portland Timbers | – Timbers Army
Banc of California Stadium | Los Angeles Football Club | – The 3252
Children's Mercy Park | Sporting Kansas City | – Fountain City Ultras
Yankee Stadium | New York City Football Club | – Ultras NYC[64]

– Los Templados

Keyworth Stadium | Detroit City FC | – Northern Guard Supporters

## See also[edit]

* Curva
* Hooligan
* List of association football rivalries
* List of hooligan firms
* Torcida organizada

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## Further reading[edit]

* Guerra Nicola (2014). "Il discorso e la lingua speciale del calcio, una definizione inclusiva. I meccanismi di creazione dei neologismi e le dinamiche di contatto e interferenza" Annals of the University of Craiova Guerra, Nicola (January 2013). "Dalla strada alla letteratura, le spericolate e propizie vicende del forestierismo A.C.A.B.. Il contatto linguistico tra italiano e inglese nelle sottoculture Skinhead e Ultras". Analele Universităţii Din Craiova, Seria Ştiinţe Filologice Linguistică Nr. 1-2.
* Guerra Nicola (2011). "Meccanismi e significati linguistici di un'identità contemporanea: analisi dello spazio linguistico di una tifoseria ultras di calico". Annals of the University of Craiova.
* Guerra Nicola, Valentina Imperi, Claudia Vardanega (2010). "I Poeti della Curva: Un'analisi sociolinguistica degli striscioni allo stadio". Aracne.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Prof. Dr. Gunter A. Pilz: "International Conference on Ultras. Overview of the Ultra culture phenomenon in the Council of Europe member states in 2009" (PDF). (195 KB) Leibniz University Hanover, 18 January 2010.
* Testa, A. and Armstrong, G. (2008). "Words and actions: Italian ultras and neo-fascism" Social Identities, vol. 14 (4), pp. 473 – 490
* Testa, A. (2009) "UltraS: an Emerging Social Movement", Review of European Studies, vol. 1 (2), 54–63
* Testa, A. (2010). Contested Meanings: the Italian Media and the UltraS. Review of European Studies, vol 2(1), 15–24
* Testa, A. and Armstrong, G. (in press; November 2010). Football, Fascism and Fandom: The UltraS of Italian Football, A&C (Bloomsbury), London, Black Publishers.
* "Violence Threats to Italian Iconic Landmarks and Stadiums". 5 March 2017.TAL Global Corporation.

## External links[edit]

* Media related to Ultras at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
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Fanaticism in association football

Music, chants and sounds|

* Chants
* Songs dedicated to football
* Vuvuzelas
* Viking Thunder Clap

Organised supporters|

* Barra brava
* Curva
* Hooliganism
* Torcida organizada
* Tifosi
* Ultras

Other articles|

* Church of Maradona
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* Sistine Chapel of Football

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