United Democratic Front (Kerala)

Congress-led alliance in Kerala, India

For the political alliance in Mizoram, see United Democratic Front (Mizoram).

United Democratic Front

ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി

Abbreviation| UDF
Leader|

* V. D. Satheesan
(Leader of the Opposition)
* Adoor Prakash
(convenor)

Chairperson| V. D. Satheesan
Lok Sabha Leader| Priyanka Gandhi
Rajya Sabha Leader| Jebi Mather
Founders| K. Karunakaran
Founded| 1979; 46 years ago (1979)
Headquarters| Indira Bhavan, Vellayambalam, Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala
Student wing| The United Democratic Students' Front
Membership (2024)|  8,935,209
Ideology| Liberalism (Indian)[1]
Conservative liberalism[2]
Political position| Centre[3] to centre-right[4]
National affiliation| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
Colours|   Blue
Lok Sabha|

18 / 20

Rajya Sabha|

3 / 9

Kerala Legislative Assembly|

41 / 140

Gram Panchayats|

321 / 941

Panchayat Samitis|

38 / 152

Zilla Parishads|

3 / 14

Municipalities|

42 / 87

Website
udf.in

* Politics of India
* Political parties
* Elections

The United Democratic Front (UDF) is the Indian National Congress-led alliance of centre to centre-right political parties in the Indian state of Kerala.[3] It is one of the two major political alliances in Kerala, the other being Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Democratic Front, each of which has been in power alternately since 1980 E. K. Nayanar ministry until the 2016 Legislative Assembly election in the state.[5] The alliance currently acts as the opposition in the state legislature of Kerala. Most of the United Democratic Front constituents are members of the Indian National Congress-led Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance at pan-India level.

United Democratic Front was created by the Indian National Congress (then known as Congress-Indira) party leader K. Karunakaran in 1979, as a successor to the existing Congress-led alliance.[6] The alliance first came to power in 1981 (K. Karunakaran ministry) and has won elections to the state legislature of Kerala in the years 1982 (Karunakaran ministry),[7] 1991 (Karunakaran and A. K. Antony ministries),[8] 2001 (Antony and Oommen Chandy ministries),[9] and 2011 (Oommen Chandy ministry).[10] United Democratic Front leaders V. D. Satheesan and K. Sudhakaran currently serves as the Leader of the Opposition and Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee President respectively.[11]

The alliance currently consists of Indian National Congress, Indian Union Muslim League, Kerala Congress (Joseph), Kerala Congress (Jacob), Revolutionary Socialist Party and a variety of other smaller parties. The alliance follows big tent policy and includes a variety political parties.[12]

## Current members

[edit]

Party  | Abbr.  | Flag  | MPs in Lok Sabha  | MPs in Rajya Sabha  | MLA in state legislature  | Kerala leader

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Indian National Congress | INC |  | 14  | 01  | 20  | Sunny Joseph
2  | Indian Union Muslim League | IUML |  | 02  | 02  | 15  | P. K. Kunhalikutty
3  | Kerala Congress | KEC |  | 01  | 00  | 02  | P. J. Joseph
4  | Revolutionary Socialist Party | RSP |  | 01  | 00  | 00  | Shibu Baby John
5  | Kerala Congress (Jacob) | KEC(J) |  | 00  | 00  | 01  | Anoop Jacob
6  | Kerala Democratic Party | KDP |  | 00  | 00  | 01  | Mani C. Kappan
8  | Revolutionary Marxist Party of India | RMPI |  | 00  | 00  | 01  | K. K. Rema
7  | Communist Marxist Party | CMP |  | 00  | 00  | 00  | C. P. John
9  | National Janata Dal | NJD |  | 00  | 00  | 00  | Adv John John
10  | Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy | JSS |  | 00  | 00  | 00  | Rajan Babu
11  | All India Forward Bloc | AIFB |  | 00  | 00  | 00  | T. Manoj Kumar

### Special invitee

[edit]

* Kerala Pravasi Association[13]

## History

[edit]

### Antecedents

[edit]

Precursors to the United Democratic Front were,

* Joint Front (Pattom and Sankar ministries)
* Congress \- Praja Socialist Party \- Indian Union Muslim League (left 1961)
* Congress-supported "Mini Front" or "Democratic Front" (Menon ministry)
* Communist Party of India - Indian Union Muslim League - Kerala Congress \- Indian Socialist Party
* Congress-supported "United Front"
* "Mini Front" or "Maxi Front" (Second Menon ministry)
* Congress (from 1971) - Communist Party of India Indian Union Muslim League \- Revolutionary Socialist Party - Praja Socialist Party \- Kerala Congress (from 1975)
* "Ruling Front" or "Maxi Front Revamped" (Karunakaran, Antony and P. K. V. ministries)
* Congress - Communist Party of India \- Kerala Congress - Indian Union Muslim League - Revolutionary Socialist Party
* Indian Union Muslim League - Praja Socialist Party \- National Democratic Party alliance (supported by Congress) (Koya ministry)

### United Democratic Front (1979 – present)

[edit]

The third-longest serving chief minister of Kerala, K. Karunakaran, was the founder of United Democratic Front

The United Democratic Front (UDF) was formed just before 1980 assembly election. In elections, the Front was defeated by the Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Democratic Front. However, the fall of the first Left Democratic Front ministry resulted in the 6th President's Rule in Kerala (1981).

United Democratic Front first came into power in Kerala in 1981 under K. Karunakaran.[7] It led the Government of Kerala in 1982–87 (K. Karunakaran), 1991–96 (K. Karunakaran and A. K. Antony), 2001–06 (A. K. Antony and Oommen Chandy), and 2011–16 (Oommen Chandy). The alliance currently serves as the opposition in the Kerala Assembly.

* In the 2016 elections conducted to the Kerala state legislature, United Democratic Front managed to win 47 out of 140 seats to the assembly,[14] and Congress leader Ramesh Chennithala was chosen as the Leader of Opposition.[15] In 2019 Indian general election, the alliance won 19 out of 20 seats in the state.
* In the last elections conducted to the Kerala state legislature in 2021, United Democratic Front managed to win 40 out of 140 seats to the assembly, and Congress leader V. D. Satheesan chosen as the Leader of Opposition.[16][17] The alliance supported K. K. Rema for Vadakara Constituency who sits as a separate block.[18]

## Chief Ministers

[edit]

### Pre-United Democratic Front Chief Ministers (1956 – 1979)

[edit]

* Pattom Thanu Pillai (1960–62)
* R. Sankar (1962 – 64)
* C. Achutha Menon (1970–77)
* K. Karunakaran (1977)
* A. K. Antony (1977 – 78)
* P.K. Vasudevan Nair (1978–79)
* C.H. Mohammed Koya (1979)

### United Democratic Front Chief Ministers (1981 – present)

[edit]

United Democratic Front Chief Ministers

* K. Karunakaran (1981 – 82, 1982 – 1987, 1991 – 95)

* A. K. Antony (1995 – 96, 2001 – 04)

* Oommen Chandy (2004 – 06, 2011 – 16)

### List of United Democratic Front Chief Ministers by length of term

[edit]

United Democratic Front ministry in 1983 (3rd Karunakaran ministry, 1982 - 87) United Democratic Front ministry in 1991 (4th Karunakaran ministry, 1991 - 95) No. | Name (Ministry)  | Length of term[19]

|
|

Longest continuous term  | Total years of premiership
1  | K. Karunakaran (1918 - 2010)

* 1st Karunakaran ministry (1977)
* 2nd Karunakaran ministry (1981 - 82)
* 3rd Karunakaran ministry (1982 - 87)
* 4th Karunakaran ministry (1991 - 95)

| 4 years, 305 days

(1982–87)

| 8 years, 315 days

(four terms)

2  | A. K. Antony (born 1940)

* 1st Antony ministry (1977 - 78)
* 2nd Antony ministry (1995 - 96)
* 3rd Antony ministry (2001 - 04)

| 3 years, 74 days

(2001–04)

| 5 years, 306 days

(three terms)

3  | Oommen Chandy (born 1943)

* 1st Chandy ministry (2004 - 06)
* 2nd Chandy ministry (2011 - 16)

| 5 years, 6 days

(2011–16)

| 6 years, 256 days

(two terms)

## Leaders of Opposition (U. D. F)

[edit]

* K. Karunakaran (1980–81, 87 - 91)
* A. K. Antony (1996 - 2001)
* Oommen Chandy (2006–11)
* Ramesh Chennithala (2016–21)
* V. D. Satheesan (2021–present)

## United Democratic Front Conveners

[edit]

P. J. Joseph served as the first United Democratic Front Convener (1980–82) Period  | U D F Convener  | Political affiliation

|
|

1979–80  | Nil
1980–82  | P. J. Joseph | Kerala Congress
1982–85  | Oommen Chandy[20] | Indian National Congress
1985–2001  | K. Sankaranarayanan[21]
2001–04  | Oommen Chandy[20]
2004–18  | P. P. Thankachan[22][23]
2018–20  | Benny Behanan[23][24]
2020-25  | M. M. Hassan[11]
2025-incumbent | Adoor Prakash

## Legacy

[edit]

### K. Karunakaran

[edit]

Cochin International Airport

The Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, was established by bifurcating University of Kerala during the period of 3rd Karunakaran ministry (1982 - 87). It was during the second U. D. F. government (Third Karunakaran ministry), that the last two districts of Kerala, namely Pathanamthitta and Kasaragod, were inaugurated, raising the total number of districts in Kerala to fourteen.[25] During his third tenure as Chief Minister (1982–87), Karunakaran directly handled the Scheduled Castes Development.[25] Kerala State Film Development Corporation was also introduced during the tenure of Karunakaran.[25]

Chief Minister Karunakaran was instrumental in several infrastructure projects in Kerala which includes the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Kochi,[26] and the Cochin International Airport, both of which were sanctioned during his 1991-95 stint as the Chief Minister.[27] Vallarpadam Terminal, which later became the first transshipment terminal in India was other key project coined during the administration of Karunakaran.[28] Other major infrastructure projects introduced during the terms of Karunakaran include the Goshree Bridges of Kochi, Guruvayur Railway Line, and Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant at Kayamkulam.[25] The first phase of Kollam Bypass was completed in 1993.[citation needed]

### A. K. Antony

[edit]

Antony administration was instrumental in the establishment of Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology at Thiruvananthapuram.[29] The InfoPark at Kochi was established in the year 2004.[30] It was also under his administration that the Kannur University was created by bifurcating the University of Calicut. The University of Sanskrit was inaugurated in 1994.[31] The Indian Institute of Management and the National Institute of Technology at Kozhikode were established in the years 1996 and 2002 respectively.[32]

The Akshaya Project was implemented in 2002 to expand digital literacy in Kerala.[33] During his tenure as Chief Minister, A. K. Antony introduced the Unemployment Allowance, Festival Allowance for the Kerala state employees.[34]

During his tenure as Chief Minister, A. K. Antony introduced the prohibition of arrack in Kerala.[34] It was at Chief Minister Antony's behest that the decision to construct the new Kerala Legislature Complex was taken in 1977.[34] He also ordered the closure of the Kerala Coca-Cola plant in 2004 due to non-availability of drinking water in the plant area.[35]

### Oommen Chandy

[edit]

It was also during tenure of Oommen Chandy that 12 new taluks, 28 new municipalities, and Kannur Municipal Corporation were formed.[36][37] It was the largest taluk delimitation in the state of Kerala after 1957.[38][36] The Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation (KURTC) was formed under KSRTC in 2015 to manage affairs related to urban transportation.[39]

Oommen Chandy in September 2015

The Chandy ministry established new Government Medical Colleges in Kerala (in 2013, after a gap of 31 years).[40][41] The "Karunya Scheme" was implemented in the year 2011–12 for the free treatment of patients with cancer, haemophilia, kidney, and heart diseases.[42][43] A number of organ implantation surgeries were done through the "Mruthasanjeevani Project".[44] The Second Chandy ministry had also taken the decision to prohibit liquor in Kerala by discouraging bars.[45] The number of political killings were relatively low (11) during the period 2011–16 in the state.[46]

Rubber subsidy to ensure a minimum price of Rs 150/kg was implemented in 2015.[47]

In 2005, Information Technology was made a compulsory subject for the school-level students.[48] Victers TV, the children's television channel on EDUSAT for schools, was inaugurated in 2005.[49] The National University of Advanced Legal Studies at Kochi was founded in 2005 and the Indian Institute of Technology at Palakkad was established in the year 2015. The universities founded in 2011–16 period include the Malayalam University at Tirur (2012) and Technological University at Thiruvananthapuram (2014).[50][51][52] The National Institute of Visual Science and Arts at Kottayam was inaugurated in January 2016.[53] Kerala was declared as the first complete digital state of India on 27 February 2016.[54]

The Kerala Public Service Commission filled the vacant posts during 2011–16.[55] As many as 167,096 job candidates were appointed, setting a record.[55] As many as 46,223 posts were created in the same period.[55] The Phase-3 of the Technopark at Thiruvananthapuram was inaugurated in 2014.[56] The Taurus Downtown at Technopark was commenced during the period 2011–16.[56] The phase-2 of InfoPark, Kochi was inaugurated in May 2015.[57] Phase-2 of InfoPark Thrissur was completed during the same period.[58][59] The Park Centre of Cybercity at Kozhikode was formally opened by IT Minister P.K. Kunhalikutty on 15 February 2014.[60][61] UL Cyberpark at Kozhikode was inaugurated in January 2016.[62] Chandy's regime was instrumental in beginning the construction of the Smart City Project.[63]

Chandy received the United Nation's Public Service Award for his Mass Contact Programme ("Jana Samparkka Paripadi").[64][65] The government also sanctioned of Unemployment Allowance.[20] Social welfare pension amounts and numbers were doubled during the second Chandy ministry.[55][44] Old-age pension amounts were also increased.[55] Other social welfare measures during Chandy reign include free ration for those who lost their employment.[65] Free rice was given to those who did not belong to Above Poverty Line (APL).[44] Food kits were distributed to the people during Onam, the Eid, and Christmas.[44]

Chandy government constructed more than 400,000 houses for the homeless people in Kerala.[65]

Chandy's regime was instrumental in beginning the construction of Kannur Airport,[63][66] the Kochi Metro,[63][67][66] and the Vizhinjam Port near Thiruvananthapuram.[63][66] The Kochi-Mangalore GAIL pipeline was commissioned by the second Chandy ministry in 2013.[68] In 2015, the Cochin Airport became the world's first fully solar powered airport.[69][70] During his period, 227 road bridges worth nearly Rs 16 billion were built across Kerala.[71][44]

A number of state highways were constructed under Chandy government and the final decision to widen the national highways of the state to 45 m were taken in 2014.[72] Several "bypass" roads were also constructed.[44]

## Kerala Assembly Election results

[edit]

Vote share in consecutive Kerala Assembly elections

|  |
1982 |

| 48.25%
1987 |

| 43.65%
1991 |

| 44.84%
1996 |

| 44.84%
2001 |

| 49.05%
2006 |

| 42.98%
2011 |

| 45.83%
2016 |

| 38.81%
2021 |

| 39.47%

Assembly election results[73] Election  | Alliance leader  | Seats won  | Change in seats  | Outcome

|
|
|
|

1980 | K. Karunakaran |

46 / 140

| New  | Opposition, later Government
1982 |

77 / 140

|  31  | Government
1987 |

61 / 140

|  16  | Opposition
1991 |

90 / 140

|  29  | Government
1996 | A. K. Antony |

59 / 140

|  31  | Opposition
2001 |

99 / 140

|  40  | Government
2006 | Oommen Chandy |

42 / 140

|  57  | Opposition
2011 |

72 / 140

|  30  | Government
2016 |

47 / 140

|  25  | Opposition
2021 | Ramesh Chennithala |

41 / 140

|  6  | Opposition

### Electoral history

[edit]

Mandate  | Seats secured  | Ruling coalition  | Majority

|
|
|

LDF | UDF | Others
1980 | 93 | 46  | 1  | LDF  | 47
1982 | 63 | 77 | 0 | UDF  | 14
1987 | 78 | 61 | 1 | LDF  | 17
1991 | 48 | 90 | 2 | UDF  | 40
1996 | 80 | 59 | 1 | LDF  | 21
2001 | 40 | 99 | 1 | UDF  | 59
2006 | 98 | 42 | 0 | LDF  | 56
2011 | 68 | 72 | 0 | UDF  | 04
2016 | 91 | 47 | 2 | LDF  | 44
2021 | 99 | 41 | 0 | LDF  | 59

## Lok Sabha Electoral History

[edit]

Election  | Seats won  | Change in seats  | Voteshare  | Outcome

|
|
|
|

1980 | 08 / 20  | New  |  | Government
1984 | 18 / 20  |  10  | 51.29%  | Government
1989 | 17 / 20  |  1  | 49.29%  | Opposition
1991 | 16 / 20  |  1  | 48.59%  | Government
1996 | 10 / 20  |  6  | 45.75%  | Opposition
1998 | 11 / 20  |  1  | 46.08%  | Opposition
1999 | 11 / 20  |  | 46.9%  | Opposition
2004 | 01 / 20  |  10  | 38.38%  | Government
2009 | 16 / 20  |  15  | 47.73%  | Government
2014 | 12 / 20  |  4  | 41.98%  | Opposition
2019 | 19 / 20  |  7  | 47.48%  | Opposition
2024 | 18 / 20  |  01  | 45.21%  | Opposition

## List of elected members

[edit]

### State legislature

[edit]

Map of Kerala showing 2021 state Legislative Assembly election results

The United Democratic Front currently has 41 members in the 140-member Kerala Legislative Assembly. The alliance currently forms the Opposition in the Assembly.

Key

Indian National Congress (INC)   Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)   Kerala Congress (KEC)   Kerala Congress (Jacob) (KC(J))  Revolutionary Marxist Party of India (RMPI)   Kerala Democratic Party (KDP)

No.  | Constituency  | Member  | Party

|
|
|

Kasaragod district
1 | Manjeshwaram | A. K. M. Ashraf | IUML
2 | Kasaragod | N. A. Nellikkunnu | IUML
Kannur district
3 | Irikkur | Sajeev Joseph | INC
4 | Peravoor | Sunny Joseph | INC
Wayanad district
5 | Sulthan Bathery | I. C. Balakrishnan | INC
6 | Kalpetta | T Siddique | INC
Kozhikode district
7 | Koduvally | M. K. Muneer | IUML
8 | Vadakara | K. K. Rema | RMPI
Malappuram district
9 | Kondotty | T. V. Ibrahim | IUML
10 | Eranad | P. K. Basheer | IUML
11 | Wandoor | A. P. Anil Kumar | INC
12 | Manjeri | U. A. Latheef | IUML
13 | Perinthalmanna | Najeeb Kanthapuram | IUML
14 | Mankada | Manjalamkuzhi Ali | IUML
15 | Malappuram | P. Ubaidulla | IUML
16 | Vengara | P. K. Kunhalikutty | IUML
17 | Vallikkunnu | P. Abdul Hameed | IUML
18 | Tirurangadi | K. P. A. Majeed | IUML
19 | Tirur | Kurukkoli Moideen | IUML
20 | Kottakkal | K. K. Abid Hussain Thangal | IUML
Palakkad district
21 | Mannarkkad | N. Samsudheen | IUML
22 | Palakkad | Rahul Mamkootathil | INC
Thrissur district
23 | Chalakudy | T. J. Saneesh Kumar Joseph | INC
Ernakulam district
24 | Perumbavoor | Eldhose Kunnappilly | INC
25 | Angamaly | Roji M. John | INC
26 | Aluva | Anwar Sadath | INC
27 | Paravur | V. D. Satheesan | INC
28 | Thrippunithura | K. Babu | INC
29 | Ernakulam | T. J. Vinod | INC
30 | Thrikkakara | Uma Thomas | INC
31 | Piravom | Anoop Jacob | KC (J)
32 | Muvattupuzha | Mathew Kuzhalnadan | INC
Idukki district
33 | Thodupuzha | P. J. Joseph | KEC
Kottayam district
34 | Pala | Mani C. Kappan | Kerala Democratic Party
35 | Kaduthuruthy | Monce Joseph | KEC
36 | Kottayam | Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan | INC
37 | Puthuppally | Chandy Oommen | INC
Alappuzha district
38 | Haripad | Ramesh Chennithala | INC
Kollam district
39 | Karunagappally | C. R. Mahesh | INC
40 | Kundara | P. C. Vishnunadh | INC
Thiruvananthapuram district
41 | Kovalam | M. Vincent | INC

### Lok Sabha

[edit]

Out of the 20 Lok Sabha (House of the People) constituencies in Kerala, 18 were won by the United Democratic Front in 2024 Lok Sabha election.

2024 Indian general election

The following is the list of United Democratic Front Lok Sabha members from the state of Kerala:

Key

INC   IUML   RSP

No.  | Parliamentary Constituency  | Member (M. P.)  | Party Affiliation

|
|
|

1 | Kasaragod | Rajmohan Unnithan | INC
2 | Kannur | K. Sudhakaran | INC
3 | Vatakara | Shafi Parambil | INC
4 | Wayanad | Priyanka Gandhi Vadra | INC
5 | Kozhikode | M. K. Raghavan | INC
6 | Malappuram | E. T. Muhammed Basheer | IUML
7 | Ponnani | M.P. Abdussamad Samadani | IUML
8 | Palakkad | V. K. Sreekandan | INC
9 | Chalakudy | Benny Behanan | INC
10 | Ernakulam | Hibi Eden | INC
11 | Idukki | Dean Kuriakose | INC
12 | Kottayam | K. Francis George | KEC
13 | Alappuzha | K. C. Venugopal | INC
14 | Mavelikkara | Kodikunnil Suresh | INC
15 | Pathanamthitta | Anto Antony Punnathaniyil | INC
16 | Kollam | N. K. Premachandran | RSP
17 | Attingal | Adoor Prakash | INC
18 | Thiruvananthapuram | Shashi Tharoor | INC

### Rajya Sabha

[edit]

The following is the list of United Democratic Front Rajya Sabha members from the state of Kerala:

Key

INC   IUML

No.  | State  | Member (M. P.)  | Party Affiliation

|
|
|

1 | Kerala | Jebi Mather | INC
2  | P. V. Abdul Wahab | IUML

## See also

[edit]

* United Front (1970–79)
* Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee
* Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
* Indian National Congress
* Left Democratic Front
* Indian Union Muslim League

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ "UDF had a chance in Kerala. Then Congress played a dangerous communal game". 24 March 2021. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
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18. ^ Daily, Keralakaumudi. "Wearing T P's badge, K K Rema takes oath; Will cooperate with opposition on issues where consensus could be built, she says". Keralakaumudi Daily. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
19. ^ Chief Ministers of Kerala since 1957 Archived 3 October 2013 at archive.today. Kerala Legislature
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22. ^ "I am competent to continue as UDF convenor, says P P Thankachan". Mathrubhumi. 3 June 2018. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
23. ^ a b Special Currespondent (20 September 2018). "Benny Behanan is UDF convener". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
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26. ^ "VIP Football Pavilion at Kaloor Stadium Named after K Karunakaran". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
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* Chandran, VP (2018). Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus – 2019 (Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala (PDF), Thiruvananthapuram: Secratriat of Kerala Legislature, 2018

* v
* t
* e

United Democratic Front (Kerala)

Members|

| National party|

* Indian National Congress

|

State parties|

* Indian Union Muslim League
* Kerala Congress
* Revolutionary Socialist Party

Registered unrecognised parties|

* All India Forward Bloc
* Bharatiya National Janata Dal
* Communist Marxist Party (John)
* Kerala Congress (Jacob)
* Nationalist Congress Kerala

Conveners|

* P. J. Joseph (1980–82)
* Oommen Chandy (1982–85, 2001–04)
* K. Sankaranarayanan (1985–2001)
* P. P. Thankachan (2004–18)
* Benny Behanan (2018–20)
* M. M. Hassan (2020–Incumbent)

Leaders|

| Congress (various)|

* K. Karunakaran
* A. K. Antony
* Oommen Chandy
* K. Sudhakaran
* V. D. Satheesan
* Ramesh Chennithala
* Shashi Tharoor
* K. Muraleedharan
* K. R. Narayanan
* Mullappally Ramachandran
* P. J. Kurien
* K. Sankaranarayanan
* P. P. Thankachan
* V. M. Sudheeran
* M. M. Hassan
* Vayalar Ravi
* K. C. Venugopal

|

Indian Union Muslim League|

* C. H. Mohammed Koya
* K. Avukader Kutty Naha
* E. Ahamed
* P. K. Kunhalikutty
* E. T. Mohammed Basheer

Kerala Congress (various)|

* K. M. Mani
* P. J. Joseph
* T. M. Jacob
* R. Balakrishna Pillai

Left-parties|

* M. V. Raghavan
* K. R. Gouri Amma
* N. K. Premachandran
* Shibu Baby John
* A. A. Aziz
* C. P. John
* Mani C. Kappan

In government|

* 1981–87 (K. Karunakaran)
* 1991–96 (K. Karunakaran and A. K. Antony)
* 2001–2006 (A. K. Antony and Oommen Chandy)
* 2011–16 (Oommen Chandy)

Kerala chief ministers|

* K. Karunakaran (1981–82, 1982–1987, 1991–95)
* A. K. Antony (1995–96, 2001–04)
* Oommen Chandy (2004–06, 2011–16)

| Kerala deputy chief ministers|

* C. H. Mohammed Koya (1981–83)
* K. Avukader Kutty Naha (1983–87)

|

Ministries|

* Second Karunakaran ministry (1981–82)
* Third Karunakaran ministry (1982–87)
* Fourth Karunakaran ministry (1991–95)
* Second Antony ministry (1995–96)
* Third Antony ministry (2001–04)
* First Chandy ministry (2004–06)
* Second Chandy ministry (2011–16)

* v
* t
* e

Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

Members|

| National parties|

* Communist Party of India (Marxist)
* Indian National Congress

|

State parties|

* All India Trinamool Congress
* Bharat Adivasi Party
* Communist Party of India
* Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
* Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* Indian Union Muslim League
* Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
* Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
* Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
* Kerala Congress (Joseph)
* Kerala Congress (M)
* Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)
* Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
* Rashtriya Janata Dal
* Revolutionary Socialist Party
* Peasants and Workers Party of India
* Samajwadi Party
* Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)
* Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

Unrecognised parties|

* All India Forward Bloc
* Anchalik Gana Morcha
* Assam Jatiya Parishad
* Goa Forward Party
* Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi
* Makkal Needhi Maiam
* Manithaneya Makkal Katchi
* Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* Raijor Dal
* Vikassheel Insaan Party

Leaders|

* Mallikarjun Kharge
* Sonia Gandhi
* Rahul Gandhi
* Akhilesh Yadav
* Lalu Prasad Yadav
* Sharad Pawar
* Arvind Kejriwal
* Mamata Banerjee
* Uddhav Thackeray
* Hemant Soren
* M. K. Stalin
* Vaiko
* Hanuman Beniwal
* Dipankar Bhattacharya
* K. M. Kader Mohideen
* Farooq Abdullah
* Mehbooba Mufti
* Rajkumar Roat
* P. J. Joseph
* Doraisamy Raja
* Jose K. Mani
* Jayant Prabhakar Patil
* G. Devarajan
* Manoj Bhattacharya
* Sitaram Yechury
* Akhil Gogoi
* Thol. Thirumavalavan
* Krishna Patel
* E. R. Eswaran
* Vijai Sardesai
* Lurinjyoti Gogoi
* M. H. Jawahirullah
* Ajit Kumar Bhuyan
* Mukesh Sahni
* Kamal Haasan

Member fronts|

* Maha Vikas Aghadi
* Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)
* Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)
* Secular Progressive Alliance
* United Democratic Front

Candidates by election|

2024

* v
* t
* e

Kerala topics

History|

* Sangam period
* Edakkal caves
* Ariyannur Umbrellas
* Kudakkallu Parambu
* Chovvanur burial cave
* Chera
* Zamorin of Calicut
* Venad Swaroopam
* Kingdom of Cannanore
* Kerala school
* Battle of Kulachal
* Arakkal kingdom
* Lakshadweep
* Anglo-Mysore Wars
* Battle of Quilon
* Vaikom Satyagraham
* Perumpadapu Swaroopam
* Malabar Migration

Government
Politics|

* Chief Ministers
* Governors
* Legislative Assembly
* Elections in Kerala
* Saptakakshi Munnani
* Aikya Munnani
* Left Democratic Front
* United Democratic Front
* Politicians
* Departments & Agencies

Incidents|

* 1988 Perumon tragedy
* 2001 Kadalundi Train derailment
* 2016 Paravur temple fire
* 2018 Kerala floods

Geography|

* Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve
* Ashtamudi Lake
* Kavvayi Backwaters
* Backwaters
* Districts
* Eravikulam National Park
* Flora and fauna
* Malabar Coast
* Marayoor
* Nelliampathi Mountains
* Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
* Nilgiri Hills
* Palakkad Gap
* Protected areas
* Sasthamcotta Lake
* Vembanad Lake

Demographics
Economy
Religion|

* Malayalis
* Nambudiris
* Ambalavasis
* Samanthas
* Nairs
* Mappilas
* Thiyyas
* Saint Thomas Christians
* Kerala Iyers
* Ezhavas
* Cochin Jews
* Jainism in Kerala
* Pulayar
* Dravidians
* Adivasis
* Scheduled Tribes
* Kerala model
* Tourism
* Education
* colleges and universities

Culture|

* Arts
* Architecture
* Cuisine
* Kalaripayattu
* Literature
* Sarpam Thullal
* Triumvirate poets
* Vallam kali

Dance / Drama / Cinema|

* Kathakali
* Kolkali
* Koodiyattam
* Mohiniyattam
* Margamkali
* Ottan Thullal
* Theyyam
* Cinema of Kerala

Festivals|

* Vishu
* Onam
* Pooram
* Eid al-Fitr
* Eid al-Adha
* Christmas

Languages|

* Malayalam
* Malayalam calendar
* Arabi Malayalam
* Suriyani Malayalam
* Judeo-Malayalam
* Irula language

Music|

* Chenda
* Thayambaka
* Kolkali
* Panchari melam
* Panchavadyam
* Sopana Sangeetham

Organisations/Agencies|

* Nair Service Society
* Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
* Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama
* Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
* Syro-Malabar Church

Tourism|

* Alappuzha
* Athirappilly Falls
* Beaches in Kerala
* Bekal
* Chembra Peak
* Kerala backwaters
* Kollam
* Places of Interest in Malappuram
* Tourist attractions in Kannur
* Islands of Kollam
* Tourist attractions of Palakkad
* Kovalam
* Tourism in Kasaragod
* Munnar
* Muzhappilangad Beach
* Peruvanam
* List of tourist attractions in Kozhikode
* Estuaries of Paravur
* Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram
* Vallam kali
* Wayanad

Administrative divisions|

* Administrative divisions
* Districts
* Revenue divisions
* Taluks

Local governance|

* Local bodies
* Municipalities
* Municipal corporations
* Panchayats
* Local self-government department
* State Election Commission

India portal
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