United Sabah National Organisation

Political party

This article is about the Sabahan defunct political party of the same name. For the revived and re-registered new party, see United Sabah National Organisation (New).

United Sabah National Organisation

Malay name| Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Sabah Bersatu
ڤرتوبوهن كبڠسأن سابه برساتو
Chinese name| 沙巴聯合民族組織
沙巴联合民族组织
Shābā liánhé mínzú zǔzhī
Abbreviation| USNO
Founder| Mustapha Harun
Founded| December 1961
Dissolved| 1996
Merged into| UMNO Sabah
Succeeded by| United Sabah National Organisation (New) (2013)
National affiliation| Sabah Alliance
(1963-1976)
Barisan Nasional
(1973-1975, 1976-1981, 1986-1993)
Sabah Front
(1981-1986)

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The United Sabah National Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Sabah Bersatu; abbrev: USNO) was a political party in North Borneo and later Sabah, Malaysia. The widely known Sabah's Muslim indigenous especially Suluk-Bajau ethnic based party was founded by the third Chief Minister of Sabah; Mustapha Harun in December 1961.[1]

Prior to the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, USNO played a major role in cooperation with United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO), led by Donald Stephens, and the Federation of Malaya, in attaining independence from the British. UPKO was then dissolved and merged into USNO in 1967.[2]

The party came into power after winning the 1967 state election. USNO remained in power until 1975 under Mustapha's leadership, and until 1976 under Mohammad Said Keruak's leadership.

In 1975, USNO's secretary-general Harris Salleh quit the party and teamed up with former UPKO leader Stephens who had become Sabah Governor and had returned to politics to create a new party called Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA).[2] This new party defeated USNO in the 1976 state election to form government until 1985. USNO consistently continued to participate in state elections of 1981, 1985, 1986, and 1990, winning several state electorates, however never enough to form government again.[3][4]

After the 1990 state election when BERJAYA themselves were ousted by United Sabah Party (PBS), Mustapha returned to team-up with Harris again in a merger of USNO and BERJAYA for his long-envisaged initiative to create the Sabah chapter of peninsula-based United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) with Mustapha himself became its first chief of UMNO Sabah.[4] In 1996, USNO was finally de-registered by the federal Registrar of Societies (RoS). Six of its legislators joined the Sabah UMNO while the rest joined the opposition PBS.[5]

## General election results

[edit]

Election  | Total seats won  | Seats contested  | Total votes  | Share of votes  | Outcome of election  | Election leader

|
|
|
|
|
|

1964 |

6 / 159

| 13  |  | appointed by Legislative Assembly | 6 seats; Governing coalition
(Alliance Party) | Mustapha Harun
1969 |

13 / 144

| 15  | 31,947  | 1.33%  | 7 seats; Governing coalition
(Alliance Party) | Mustapha Harun
1974 |

13 / 154

| 15  |  |  | ; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional and Sabah Alliance) | Mustapha Harun
1978 |

5 / 154

| 15  |  |  | 8 seats; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional) | Mustapha Harun
1982 |

0 / 154

| 19  |  |  | 5 seats; No representation in Parliament | Mustapha Harun
1986 |

5 / 177

| 15  | 27,409  | 0.58%  | 5 seats; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional) | Mustapha Harun
1990 |

6 / 180

| 15  |  |  | 1 seats; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional) | Mustapha Harun
1995 |

15 / 192

| 15  |  |  |  8 seats; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional) | Mustapha Harun

## State election results

[edit]

State election  | State Legislative Assembly

|

Sabah | Total won / Total contested
|  |
2/3 majority  |

2 / 3

1967 |

14 / 32

14 / 25

1971 |

29 / 32

29 / 29

1976 |

20 / 48

20 / 40

1981 |

3 / 48

3 / 29

1985 |

16 / 48

16 / 43

1986 |

12 / 48

12 / 27

1990 |

12 / 48

12 / 38

## See also

[edit]

* Politics of Malaysia
* List of political parties in Malaysia
* United Sabah National Organisation (New) (USNO Baru)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Stockwell, A. J. (2004). British Documents on The End of Empire : Malaysia. Institute of Commonwealth in University of London. p. 72\. ISBN 9780112905813.
2. ^ a b "UPKO/PDS". Archived from the original on January 25, 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
3. ^ James Chin, pp. 22-25
4. ^ a b "The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Sabah, East Malaysia: An Overview 1990-1994 International" (PDF). Hamdan Aziz (Ph.D) & Syahrin Said, Department of Nationhood and Civilization Studies, Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 12. 2017. ISSN 2222-6990. Retrieved 25 September 2021 – via HR Mars.
5. ^ James Chin, 31

## Further reading

[edit]

* Chin, James (1999). "Going east: UMNO's entry into Sabah Politics". Asian Journal of Political Science. 7 (1): 20–40\. doi:10.1080/02185379908434135.

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Political parties in Malaysia

Parties represented in the Dewan Negara, Dewan Rakyat and/or State Assemblies

| Pakatan Harapan (PH)|

* Democratic Action Party (DAP)
* People's Justice Party (PKR)
* National Trust Party (AMANAH)
* United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)

|

Barisan Nasional (BN)|

* United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
* Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
* Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)
* Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)

Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)|

* United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)
* Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)
* Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)
* Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)

Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)|

* Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)
* United Sabah Party (PBS)
* Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)
* Love Sabah Party (PCS)
* Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)
* Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)

Perikatan Nasional (PN)|

* Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)
* Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)
* Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)

Other parties|

* Heritage Party (WARISAN)
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Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies

| Friends of Barisan Nasional|

* Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)
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* Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)
* Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)*
* Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)
* Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)

|

Perikatan Nasional (PN)|

* Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)

Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)|

* United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)
* Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

Other parties|

* Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)
* Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)
* Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)
* Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)
* Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)
* Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
* People's Alternative Party (PAP)
* Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)
* Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)
* Socialist Alternative (SA)*
* Youth Front Party
* Sabah Dream Party (IMPIAN)
* Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)
* People's Welfare Party (KITA)
* Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)
* Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)
* Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)
* Malaysian United Party (MUP)
* Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)
* Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)
* Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)
* Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)
* Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)
* Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)
* Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)
* Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)
* Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)
* Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)
* Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)
* Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)
* Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)
* Malaysian National Party (PNM)
* Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)
* Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)
* People First Party (URPARTI)
* Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)
* Barisan Penyatuan Nasional
* Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)
* Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)
* Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)
* Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)
* Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)

Defunct parties and coalition

| Defunct coalitions|

* All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)
* Labour Front (LF)
* Socialist Front (SF)
* Alliance Party (AP)
* Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)
* Barisan Sabah
* Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)
* Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)
* Gagasan Rakyat (GR)
* Barisan Alternatif (BA)
* Pakatan Rakyat (PR)

|

Defunct former parliamentary parties|

* Malayan Party (MP)
* Sarawak National Party (SNAP)
* Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)
* Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)
* Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)
* National Party (Negara)
* Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)
* National Convention Party (NCP)
* Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)
* Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)
* Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)
* Semangat 46 (S46)
* Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)
* United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)
* United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)
* United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)
* Sabah National Party (SANAP)
* Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)
* Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)
* People's Justice Front (AKAR)
* Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)
* United Democratic Party (UDP)
* Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)
* Muslim League of Malaya (ML)
* National Association of Perak (NAP)
* Radical Party (RADICAL)
* Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)
* Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)
* Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)
* Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)
* Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)
* Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)
* Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)
* United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK)
* Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)

Other defunct parties|

* Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)
* Malayan Communist Party (MCP) (Revolutionary Faction) (Marxist-Leninist)
* Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)
* North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)
* Selangor Labour Party (SLP)
* Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)
* Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)
* Social Democratic Party (SDP)
* Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)
* Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)
* Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)
* Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)
* Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)
* United People's Party (1976) (UPP)
* United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)
* Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)
* United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)
* Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)
* Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)
* Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)
* Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)
* Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)
* Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)
* Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)
* Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)
* Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)
* Sabah People's Party (PRS)
* Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)
* United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)
* Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)
* Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)
* Community Coalition Congress (CCC)
* Sabah People's Front (SPF)
* Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)
* Human Rights Party (HRP)
* Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)
* Parti Perpaduan Anak Malaysia (MUM)
* Kongres Rakyat Malaysia (KRM)
* Persatuan Melayu Semenanjung

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