United States Conference of Mayors

Organization of cities with populations of 30,000 or more

United States Conference of Mayors

Abbreviation| USCM
Formation| 1932
Type| Non-partisan
Headquarters| 1620 I Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006

Region served

| United States
Membership| 1,407 United States cities with populations of 30,000 or more

President

| David Holt (R-Oklahoma City, Oklahoma)
Website| Official website

The United States Conference of Mayors (USCM) is the official non-partisan organization of cities with populations of 30,000 or more. The cities are each represented by their mayors or other chief elected officials. The organization was founded in light of the Great Depression and was formed under Herbert Hoover until its original charter was signed at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C., on the eve of the inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

The organization is part of the "Big Seven", a group of organizations that represent local and state governments in the United States.

## Mission

[edit]

Barack Obama in a U.S. Conference of Mayors meeting in the East Room of the White House, January 21, 2010

The organization serves the following functions: Help develop and promote effective national urban/suburban policy; build stronger and more effective federal-city relationships; monitor the effectiveness of federal policy in terms of its service to urban needs; help mayors develop leadership and management tools; and to create a forum in which mayors can share ideas and information.[1] By representing all large municipalities and their leaders in these ways, the conference is speaking for vast majority of the components of the nations economy. According to one of the Conference's own reports, metropolitan areas accounted for 84 percent of the nation's gross domestic product and at the same time generated 84 percent of the nation's employment opportunities.[2]

## History

[edit]

Frank Murphy, founder and first president of the USCM Current USCM President Andrew Ginther

In 1932, Mayor of Detroit Frank Murphy called a conference of mayors to meet in Detroit, Michigan, in June. In the shadow of the depression, he felt it was worthwhile to pursue federal aid for cities. Forty-eight mayors of cities in excess of 100,000 attended.[3] On June 3, two days after the Adjournment sine die of the first conference, Murphy appointed a seven-person commission (including himself) to lobby Washington using the powers vested in him by the conference. Murphy along with Mayor of Boston James Michael Curley, Mayor of Cleveland Ray T. Miller, Mayor of Milwaukee Daniel Hoan, Mayor of New Orleans T. Semmes Walmsley, Mayor of Minneapolis William A. Anderson, and Mayor of Grand Rapids George W. Welsh traveled to Washington, D.C., to lobby the federal government for aid.[4] The mayors that went with him urgently pleaded for relief. On June 6 at 10:00 a.m., they met with United States Speaker of the House John Nance Garner (D), Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives Henry T. Rainey (D) and Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives Bertrand H. Snell (R). They held out hope for a $5 billion prosperity loan, but made it clear their true need for any relief for the despair of their constituents.[4] At 11:00 a.m., they met with United States Vice President/President of the United States Senate Charles Curtis and other Senate leaders.[5] The presence of the Mayors was unprecedented and despite some Democratic defections, a band of 12 Republicans led by Fiorello LaGuardia enabled the passage of a relief bill by a 205–189 margin.[5] Unfortunately for the mayors, President Herbert Hoover was not receptive to the $1.9 billion scale of the public works plan. However, the mayors were able to convince the President that federal support for local relief efforts was reasonable and this is considered a watershed event.[6] 42 of the 48 states benefited from the newly empowered Reconstruction Finance Corporation.[7] After the Emergency Relief and Construction Act of 1932 was signed into law by Hoover, the Conference wrote its charter at the Mayflower Hotel on the eve of the inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.[1] It held its second meeting in 1933 and formed the permanent United States Conference of Mayors with Murphy as its president.[3]

In 1972, USCM President Mayor of Milwaukee Henry Maier led the crusade for municipal resources at a time when federal grants to state and local governments was escalating rapidly. Richard Nixon started allowing cities to participate in federal revenue sharing. This source of municipal funding relieved cities until the mid-1980s. Jimmy Carter capped revenue payments and Reagan discontinued everything except for CDBGs.[8] The CDBG program has consistently allocated over $4 billion/year to state and local jurisdictions.[9] Currently, CDBG's are being used by 1180 local governments and states.[10] Using provisions in the 1995 Crime Bill, President Bill Clinton paid for municipal enforcement authorities on behalf of cities.[11]

## Current issues

[edit]

During the Presidential transition of Barack Obama in December 2008, The Conference held a news conference along with United States House Committee on Ways and Means Chairman Charlie Rangel, United States House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman James Oberstar and Congressional Urban Caucus Chairman Chaka Fattah. Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa announced that the meeting sought support of the Conferences survey of 11,391 "ready-to-go" infrastructure projects that they hoped to see in a Main Street recovery plan during Obama's first 100 days. According to New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, the $73.1 billion projects had completed the design and approval process and met all political requirement except for the need for funding.[12][13] At the same time the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials called for support for more 5,148 road and bridge infrastructure projects that they categorized as "ready-to-go."[14] Many of the ideas in the mayor proposal became part of the stimulus package.[15]

Another issue that the Conference took issue with in 2008 include the misappropriation of federal funds for municipal anti-terrorism emergency equipment through the Homeland Security Department, which was created in 2003, instead of for municipal police forces and other enforcement officials. On this issue, they stood by the International Association of Chiefs of Police who feel common domestic anti-crime expenditure might better serve the public interest. Since the September 11 attacks federally funded municipal purchases of bomb robots, chem-bio suits and other anti-terrorism equipment have often gone unused while crime is underserved. These organizations are calling for a re-evaluation of the federal grant system.[16] Along with various foreign governments, United States Chamber of Commerce and the Travel Industry Association, the conference also stood against the 2008 Homeland Security Department initiative to fingerprint foreign visitors before they leave the country by airplane.[17] These complaints came a few years after the conference complained that their cities were not receiving an equitable proportion of counterterrorism funding in the first few years after the attacks.[18][19]

The conference has been active in fighting foreclosures and predatory lending.[20] During the formulation and debate of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 in response to the 2008 financial crisis, a conference spokesperson was cited for being in support of the inclusion of $4 billion for the purchase, rehabilitation and resale of low- and moderate-income family distressed property. The money would produce profits that would be used to develop neighborhoods. Another important feature to municipalities was $180 million devoted to grants for pre-foreclosure and legal counseling.[21]

Also in 2008, the conference unanimously both supported single-payer national health insurance and City-coordinated drug overdose prevention efforts.[22][23] After calling for a study on bottled water in 2007,[24] in 2008, the conference came out against bottled water which consumes 1.5 million barrels of oil per year to produce its plastic bottles.[25]

In 2009, the conference adopted a sweeping proposal for lesbian and gay equality by mayors Christopher Cabaldon, Sam Adams, and David Cicilline, making it the first national organization of American elected officials to call for marriage equality, passage of ENDA, and the repeal of Don't ask, don't tell.[26]

In 2013, the conference adopted a resolution urging the federal government to give states leeway in establishing marijuana policies. "Voters in states and cities that wish to break the stranglehold of organized crime over the distribution and sale of marijuana in their communities by legalizing, regulating and taxing marijuana should have the option of doing so," stated Mayor Stephen H. Cassidy of San Leandro, California.[27]

In 2020, in part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the conference requested $250 billion in federal spending directly to cities to counteract the 88% shortfall in city revenues across the country.[28][29][30]

## Activities

[edit]

The organization convenes for its winter meeting each January in Washington, D.C., and an Annual Meeting each June in a different U.S. city in addition to ad hoc meetings.[1] At the annual meeting, members vote on policy resolutions. The results are distributed to the President of the United States and the United States Congress.

On January 11, 2007, the Conference leadership approved the annual ten-point platform called "Strong Cities, Strong Families for a Strong America", including positions on energy policy and homeland security, and support for Community development block grants (CDBG), government sponsored enterprises, the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIPS), and the Workforce Investment Act. In 2008, travel and tourism were part of the plan for the first time.[31]

In the past, the Conference has taken stances against Ronald Reagan's 1983 budget.[32] It has also through its president Fiorello La Guardia, spoken against cuts in the Works Progress Administration on behalf of Franklin D. Roosevelt.[33] The conference has actively pursued legislation to curb handgun violence by changing the regulations for purchasing, adding regulatory oversight, and suing manufacturers for unreasonable marketing practices and lax safety standards.[34]

At times, the unified voice of Mayors has had significant impact on federal policies. An example was the controversy over the decision by investigators from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Bureau of Investigation and the United States Department of Justice to carry out an examination of waste, fraud and abuse in the housing programs in three cities led by black mayors (Kurt L. Schmoke, Marc H. Morial and Willie L. Brown Jr.). Eventually, the housing subcommittee of the United States House Committee on Appropriations Chairman, Jerry Lewis, in response into the collective voice of the mayors, with the support of President Bill Clinton and Andrew M. Cuomo, the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, mandated a clarification of selection criteria for investigation subjects.[35]

In determining their positions and policies, the Conference has had to balance difficult political choices. They once opposed the Environmental Protection Agency in a resolution which came out against enforcing stricter smog and soot limits. The conference members felt that the stricter standards for ozone and fine particles would have hampered the economies of many municipalities, especially those that are steel-, automobile- and fossil fuel-intensive.[36]

### Locales of annual meetings

[edit]

Year  | City  | State  | Number

|
|
|

1963  | Honolulu  | Hawai'i  |
1967  | Honolulu  | Hawai'i  |
1972  | New Orleans  | Louisiana  | 40th
1980  | Seattle  | Washington  | 48th
1981  | Louisville  | Kentucky  | 49th
1982  | Minneapolis  | Minnesota  | 50th
1983  | Denver  | Colorado  | 51st
1984  | Philadelphia  | Pennsylvania  | 52nd
1985  | Anchorage  | Alaska  | 53rd
1986  | San Juan  | Puerto Rico  | 54th
1987  | Nashville  | Tennessee  | 55th
1988  | Salt Lake City  | Utah  | 56th
1989  | Charleston  | South Carolina  | 57th
1990  | Chicago  | Illinois  | 58th
1991  | San Diego  | California  | 59th
1992  | Houston  | Texas  | 60th
1993  | New York  | New York  | 61st
1994  | Portland  | Oregon  | 62nd
1995  | Miami  | Florida  | 63rd
1996  | Cleveland  | Ohio  | 64th
1997  | San Francisco  | California  | 65th
1998  | Reno  | Nevada  | 66th
1999  | New Orleans  | Louisiana  | 67th
2000  | Seattle  | Washington  | 68th
2001  | Detroit  | Michigan  | 69th
2002  | Madison  | Wisconsin  | 70th
2003  | Denver  | Colorado  | 71st
2004  | Boston  | Massachusetts  | 72nd
2005  | Chicago  | Illinois  | 73rd
2006  | Las Vegas  | Nevada  | 74th
2007  | Los Angeles  | California  | 75th
2008  | Miami  | Florida  | 76th
2009  | Providence  | Rhode Island  | 77th
2010  | Oklahoma City  | Oklahoma  | 78th
2011  | Baltimore  | Maryland  | 79th
2012  | Orlando  | Florida  | 80th
2013  | Las Vegas  | Nevada  | 81st
2014  | Dallas  | Texas  | 82nd
2015  | San Francisco  | California  | 83rd
2016  | Indianapolis  | Indiana  | 84th
2017  | Miami Beach  | Florida  | 85th
2018  | Boston  | Massachusetts  | 86th
2019  | Honolulu  | Hawaii  | 87th[37]
2020  | Virtual  |  | 88th
2021  | Virtual  |  | 89th
2022  | Reno  | Nevada  | 90th
2023  | Columbus  | Ohio  | 91st
2024  | Kansas City  | Missouri  | 92nd
2025  | Tampa  | Florida  | 93rd
2026  | Long Beach  | California  | 94th
2027  | Providence  | Rhode Island  | 95th

## Annual awards and grants

[edit]

The U.S. Conference of Mayors also houses the Mayors Climate Protection Center, created in 2007 to support mayors in their efforts to reduce the effects of climate change on American cities.[38] In June 2007, the Center awarded its first annual "Mayors' Climate Protection Awards" to leading mayors. The "U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement", initiated by Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels in 2005, seeks the pledges of mayors from all 50 states to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 7% from 1990 levels by the year 2012, in line with the Kyoto Protocol. As of February 2010, 1017 mayors have signed the Agreement.[39] In 2007, the mayors called for a multibillion-dollar grant to help cities fight global warming and declared global warming as first on their list of top-ten priorities.[40][41] That year the conference and the city of Seattle hosted the "2007 Mayors Climate Protection Summit in Seattle", which featured Bill Clinton and Al Gore.[42] Wal-Mart has been a corporate partner in the presentation of the first two years of these awards.[43][44]

The conference has granted City Livability Awards since 1979 for mayors and governments as recognition for developing programs that enhance the quality of life in urban areas.[45] Programs such as drowning awareness and prevention programs earn such recognitions.[46]

Since 1997, the Conference of Mayors in conjunction with the Americans for the Arts has annually presented Public Leadership in the Arts Awards. The awards recognize "elected officials and artists or arts organizations that have demonstrated outstanding leadership in the advancement of the arts."[47] Various classes of elected officials are recognized and various types of contributions are recognized each year.[48]

The Conference has advocated for HIV/AIDS Prevention Grants Programs. Annually, in cooperation with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) it awards approximately hundreds of thousands of dollars in grants for HIV/AIDS prevention service to Native Americans as well as to African American or Hispanic Women at High Risk of HIV Infection.[49][50] This was part of a broader 24-year partnership with the CDC in which the conference has awarded $23 million in grants to community-based organizations and local health departments to promote local prevention and education efforts.[51]

## Organization

[edit]

### Task forces

[edit]

Temporary task forces are organized to study emerging issues and make recommendations to the body of the Conference. Prior task forces have addressed AIDS, hunger and homelessness,[52][53] unfunded federal mandates, youth crime and violence,[54] high fuel costs,[55] and brownfields.

### Standing committees

[edit]

The organizations members serve on the Conference's standing committee which recommend policies for the general body to evaluate for endorsement at the summer meetings. The endorsed policies are delivered to the United States President and United States Congress.[1] The Conference supports initiatives such as handgun regulation,[34] recycling, defense funding and global warming.[56][57][58] Although the organization is domestic, its reach is international. It partakes in missions to worldwide locations.[59] When the internet blossomed and President Bill Clinton made plans for an unregulated and untaxed electronic marketplace, state and local officials objected. Their voice was represented by the Conference.[60] Mayors may also serve on one or more of the Conference's standing committees: Children, Health, and Human Services; Community Development and Housing; Criminal and Social Justice; Energy; Environment; International Affairs; Jobs, Education and the Workforce; Metro Economies; Technology and Innovation; Tourism, Arts, Parks, Entertainment and Sports; and Transportation.

## Presidents

[edit]

The president, vice president, and second vice president are chosen by a vote among delegates at the annual meeting. Mayors who wish to run for any of the positions must write a formal letter to the Nominating Committee, who will submit a report to be voted on at the annual meeting. Typically, at least one of the three mayors must be a member of the minority party.[61]

The following is a comprehensive listing of presidents of the United States Conference of Mayors:

Years  | President  | City  | State  | Party

|
|
|
|

1932–1933  | Frank Murphy | Detroit | Michigan | Democratic
1933  | James Michael Curley | Boston | Massachusetts | Democratic
1933–1934  | T. Semmes Walmsley | New Orleans | Louisiana | Democratic
1934–1935  | Daniel Hoan | Milwaukee | Wisconsin | Socialist
1935–1945  | Fiorello La Guardia | New York City | New York | Republican
1945–1947  | Edward Joseph Kelly | Chicago | Illinois | Democratic
1947–1949  | George W. Welsh | Grand Rapids | Michigan | Republican
1949–1950  | Cooper Green | Birmingham | Alabama | Democratic
1950–1952  | David L. Lawrence | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | Democratic
1952–1953  | Martin H. Kennelly | Chicago | Illinois | Democratic
1953  | Thomas A. Burke | Cleveland | Ohio | Democratic
1953–1955  | Elmer Robinson | San Francisco | California | Republican
1955–1957  | John Hynes | Boston | Massachusetts | Democratic
1957–1958  | Robert F. Wagner Jr. | New York City | New York | Democratic
1958–1959  | Norris Poulson | Los Angeles | California | Republican
1959–1960  | Richard J. Daley | Chicago | Illinois | Democratic
1960–1961  | Richardson Dilworth | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | Democratic
1961–1962  | W. Haydon Burns | Jacksonville | Florida | Democratic
1962  | Anthony J. Celebrezze | Cleveland | Ohio | Democratic
1962–1963  | Richard C. Lee | New Haven | Connecticut | Democratic
1963  | Arthur L. Selland | Fresno | California | Republican
1963–1965  | Raymond Tucker | St. Louis | Missouri | Democratic
1965–1966  | Neal Blaisdell | Honolulu | Hawaii | Republican
1966–1967  | Jerome Cavanagh | Detroit | Michigan | Democratic
1967–1968  | Joseph M. Barr | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | Democratic
1968–1969  | Terry Schrunk | Portland | Oregon | Democratic
1969–1970  | Jack D. Maltester | San Leandro | California | Democratic
1970–1971  | James Tate | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | Democratic
1971–1972  | Henry Maier | Milwaukee | Wisconsin | Democratic
1972–1973  | Louie Welch | Houston | Texas | Republican
1973–1974  | Roy Martin | Norfolk | Virginia | Democratic
1974–1975  | Joseph Alioto | San Francisco | California | Democratic
1975–1976  | Moon Landrieu | New Orleans | Louisiana | Democratic
1976–1977  | Kenneth A. Gibson | Newark | New Jersey | Democratic
1977–1978  | Lee Alexander | Syracuse | New York | Democratic
1978–1979  | William H. McNichols Jr. | Denver | Colorado | Democratic
1979–1980  | Dick Carver | Peoria | Illinois | Republican
1980–1981  | Richard Hatcher | Gary | Indiana | Democratic
1981–1982  | Helen Boosalis | Lincoln | Nebraska | Democratic
1982–1983  | Coleman Young | Detroit | Michigan | Democratic
1983–1984  | Richard Fulton | Nashville | Tennessee | Democratic
1984–1985  | Hernán Padilla | San Juan | Puerto Rico | Republican
1985–1986  | Dutch Morial | New Orleans | Louisiana | Democratic
1986–1987  | Joseph Riley | Charleston | South Carolina | Democratic
1987–1988  | Richard Berkley | Kansas City | Missouri | Republican
1988–1989  | Arthur Holland | Trenton | New Jersey | Democratic
1989–1990  | Kathy Whitmire | Houston | Texas | Democratic
1990–1991  | Bob Isaac | Colorado Springs | Colorado | Republican
1991–1992  | Raymond Flynn | Boston | Massachusetts | Democratic
1992–1993  | William Althaus | York | Pennsylvania | Republican
1993–1994  | Jerry Abramson | Louisville | Kentucky | Democratic
1994–1995  | Victor Ashe | Knoxville | Tennessee | Republican
1995–1996  | Norm Rice | Seattle | Washington | Democratic
1996–1997  | Richard M. Daley | Chicago | Illinois | Democratic
1997–1998  | Paul Helmke | Fort Wayne | Indiana | Republican
1998–1999  | Deedee Corradini | Salt Lake City | Utah | Democratic
1999–2000  | Wellington Webb | Denver | Colorado | Democratic
2000–2001  | Brent Coles | Boise | Idaho | Republican
2001–2002  | Marc Morial | New Orleans | Louisiana | Democratic
2002–2003  | Tom Menino | Boston | Massachusetts | Democratic
2003–2004  | James Garner | Hempstead | New York | Republican
2004–2005  | Don Plusquellic | Akron | Ohio | Democratic
2005–2006  | Beverly O'Neill | Long Beach | California | Democratic
2006  | Michael Guido | Dearborn | Michigan | Republican
2006–2008  | Douglas Palmer | Trenton | New Jersey | Democratic
2008–2009  | Manny Diaz | Miami | Florida | Democratic
2009  | Greg Nickels | Seattle | Washington | Democratic
2009–2011  | Elizabeth Kautz | Burnsville | Minnesota | Republican
2011–2012  | Antonio Villaraigosa | Los Angeles | California | Democratic
2012–2013  | Michael Nutter | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | Democratic
2013–2014  | Scott Smith | Mesa | Arizona | Republican
2014–2015  | Kevin Johnson | Sacramento | California | Democratic
2015–2016  | Stephanie Rawlings-Blake | Baltimore | Maryland | Democratic
2016–2017  | Mick Cornett | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma | Republican
2017–2018  | Mitch Landrieu | New Orleans | Louisiana | Democratic
2018–2019  | Steve Benjamin | Columbia | South Carolina | Democratic
2019–2020  | Bryan Barnett | Rochester Hills | Michigan | Republican
2020–2021  | Greg Fischer | Louisville | Kentucky | Democratic
2021–2022  | Nan Whaley | Dayton | Ohio | Democratic
2022–2023  | Francis Suarez | Miami | Florida | Republican
2023–2024  | Hillary Schieve | Reno | Nevada | Independent
2024-2025  | Andrew Ginther  | Columbus | Ohio | Democratic
2025-  | David Holt (politician) | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma | Republican

## Controversies

[edit]

The organization has had some controversies. In Newark, New Jersey, one of its non-partisan presidential straw polls was determined to be contrary to a New Jersey Supreme Court ruling because the court had determined that it was improper for any municipality to test public opinion on an area outside of its jurisdiction.[62]

In 2002, protests by about 3000 people against corporate financing of the U.S. Conference of Mayors was met by arrests and the barricading of much of downtown Madison, Wisconsin, by then Mayor Sue Bauman.[63][64]

Also, at the 2004 Democratic National Convention, striking Boston Police Department officers decided to picket a Conference of Mayors meeting. 2004 Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry, who was the invited speaker, decided to honor the picket line.[65]

## See also

[edit]

* National League of Cities
* Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition
* National Governors Association
* National Conference of Black Mayors
* C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
* United Cities and Local Governments
* Association internationale des maires francophones
* Global Parliament of Mayors
* List of mayors of the 50 largest cities in the United States

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d "About the Conference". The United States Conference of Mayors. November 23, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
2. ^ "Report Shows the Economic Might of Urban Areas". The New York Times. November 4, 1999. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
3. ^ a b Holli, p. 81.
4. ^ a b Gunther, p. 50.
5. ^ a b Gunther, p. 51.
6. ^ Gunther, p. 52.
7. ^ Gunther, p. 53.
8. ^ Norquist, pp. 12–13.
9. ^ "Use of CDBG Funds by All Grantees". U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. September 30, 2008. Archived from the original on May 14, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
10. ^ "Community Development Block Grant Program - CDBG". Homes & Communities. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. December 9, 2008. Archived from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
11. ^ Norquist, p. 14.
12. ^ "Mayors want funds to fix their cities". Cable News Network. December 8, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
13. ^ Poole, Robert (December 10, 2008). "Stimulus Shouldn't Be an Excuse for Pork: The nation's mayors have presented a revealing wish list to Washington". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
14. ^ Boudreau, Abbie & Scott Zamost (December 8, 2008). "Report: Road projects could spur 1.8 million jobs". Cable News Network. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
15. ^ Levitz, Jennifer & Philip ShiShkin (February 4, 2009). "Stimulus Brings Out City Wish Lists: Neon for Vegas, Harleys for Shreveport: Most Ask for Roads, Sewers, but Some Want the Kitchen Sink -- and a Frisbee Golf Course". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
16. ^ Hall, Mimi (October 1, 2008). "Rethink spending on anti-terrorism, report says". USA Today. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
17. ^ Frank, Thomas (July 1, 2008). "Lawmakers, airlines oppose Bush fingerprinting plan". USA Today. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
18. ^ Shenon, Philip (September 18, 2003). "Counterterror Aid Is Tied Up by the States, Mayors Assert". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
19. ^ Brinkley, Joel (January 24, 2002). "A NATION CHALLENGED: CITIES; Mayors Seek Payback of Spending on Security". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
20. ^ "Cities fight foreclosures with unusual tactics". USA Today. June 21, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
21. ^ Bahney, Anna (July 28, 2008). "Housing rescue bill may fall short; who benefits?". USA Today. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
22. ^ Prensky, David; Young, Quentin; Landes, Alison (June 23, 2008). "U.S. Conference of Mayors Backs Single-Payer National Health Insurance" (Press release). Physicians for a National Health Program. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
23. ^ Robelo, Daniel & Reena Szczepanski (June 25, 2008). "United States Conference of Mayors Unanimously Passes Resolution Calling for City-Coordinated Drug Overdose Prevention Efforts". Common Dreams NewsCenter. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
24. ^ Painter, Kim (August 26, 2007). "Water wars: Bottled vs tap". USA Today. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
25. ^ Gashler, Krisy (June 7, 2008). "Thirst for bottled water unleashes flood of environmental concerns". USA Today. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
26. ^ "Aggie Pride LGBTQ Network of Texas A&M University".
27. ^ "Nation's mayors want state control of pot policies". The Denver Post. June 24, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
28. ^ Durr, Sara (April 14, 2020). "Findings Highlight the Need for Congress to Address the Fiscal Crisis Facing Cities of All Sizes". www.usmayors.org. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
29. ^ Durr, Sara (March 27, 2020). "CITY DATA: Survey of 213 Mayors Reveals Extent of Shortage of COVID-19 Emergency Equipment". www.usmayors.org. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
30. ^ Durr, Sara (March 18, 2020). "United States Conference of Mayors Requests $250 Billion in Localized Aid to Fight Virus, Maintain City Services, Help Workers and Local Businesses". www.usmayors.org. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
31. ^ Brennan, Bill (January 24, 2008). "Honolulu Mayor Drives Travel and Tourism Action Plan of Nation's Mayors". Hawaii Reporter. Hawaii Reporter, Inc. Retrieved December 14, 2008. [dead link]
32. ^ Magnuson, Ed, Douglas Brew, and Laurence I. Barrett (February 22, 1982). "A Line Drawn in the Dirt". Time. Time Inc. Archived from the original on March 2, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2008.`{{cite magazine}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
33. ^ "Snow on the Lawn". Time. Time Inc. January 30, 1939. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
34. ^ a b Janofsky, Michael (January 29, 1999). "Mayors Help Draft a Handgun Crackdown Bill". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
35. ^ Janofsky, Michael (June 21, 1998). "U.S. Retreats on Inquiries Into Urban Housing Offices". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
36. ^ "Mayors Are Opposed To Air Quality Plan". The New York Times. June 25, 1997. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
37. ^ GmbH, finanzen.net (June 29, 2019). "Plano & Aguadilla Deemed". markets.businessinsider.com. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
38. ^ "Mayors Climate Protection Center". United States Conference of Mayors. Archived from the original on February 18, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
39. ^ "Mayors Leading the Way on Climate Protection". Archived from the original on March 8, 2010. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
40. ^ El Nasser, Haya (February 1, 2007). "Mayors unite on the 'green' front". USA Today. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
41. ^ O'Driscoll, Patrick & Dan Vergano (March 1, 2007). "Fossil fuels are to blame, world scientists conclude". USA Today. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
42. ^ "2007 Mayors Climate Protection Summit in Seattle". The United States Conference of Mayors. 2007. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
43. ^ "The U.S. Conference of Mayors' Climate Protection Awards". walmartstores.com. 2007. Retrieved December 13, 2008.[permanent dead link]
44. ^ "Wal-Mart Backs Mayors' Climate Protection Award". The Executive's Daily Green Briefing. Environmental Leader. May 1, 2007. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
45. ^ "City Livability". The United States Conference of Mayors. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
46. ^ "Soccer Lives In West Palm - Free Swim Classes Lifesavers". The Palm Beach Post. Newsbank. August 8, 2002. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
47. ^ "Press Room: For Immediate Release". Americansforthearts.org. Archived from the original on December 3, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
48. ^ "Awards For Arts Achievement". Americansforthearts.org. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
49. ^ "United States Conference of Mayors: HIV Prevention Grants". The Communication Initiative Network. December 14, 2007. Archived from the original on July 19, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
50. ^ "The United States Conference of Mayors HIV Prevention Program AIDS Information Exchange (AIX) Subscription/Order Form" (PDF). usmayors.org. United States Conference of Mayors. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 28, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
51. ^ "The United States Conference of Mayors Observes World AIDS Day". Bio-Medicine. December 2, 2007. Retrieved December 15, 2008.
52. ^ "More Of Homeless Are Now Families". The New York Times. December 22, 1993. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
53. ^ "Washington: Appeals For Food And Shelter Rise Slightly". The New York Times. December 15, 2004. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
54. ^ "National News Briefs; Curfews in More Cities, Survey of Mayors Shows". The New York Times. December 1, 1997. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
55. ^ Cave, Damien (June 21, 2008). "Fuel Costs Pinch Cities; Mayors Push Mass Transit". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
56. ^ Long, Tom & Michael Grunwald (April 10, 1994). "Mayor Mann of Newton Dead; Served 23 Years". Boston Globe. Newsbank. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
57. ^ Montano, Ralph (December 21, 2006). "Fargo: Flood risk an issue". The Sacramento Bee. Newsbank. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
58. ^ Lenihan, Kevin (May 10, 1997). "Liaison Group Watchful On New Base-Closing Threats". Watertown Daily Times. Newsbank. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
59. ^ "2:20 p.m." The Sun. Newsbank. January 31, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
60. ^ McAllester, Matthew & William Douglas (July 2, 1997). "Clinton's Ideal Internet / He wants an unregulated and untaxed marketplace". Newsday. Newsbank. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
61. ^ "Leadership". The United States Conference of Mayors. November 23, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
62. ^ Pristin, Terry (September 14, 1995). "NEW JERSEY DAILY BRIEFING; Election Poll Is Called Illegal". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
63. ^ Price, Jenny (June 17, 2002). "Corporations Gain Access to Mayors". GlobalPolicy.org. Associated Press. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
64. ^ Sawan, Youssef (September 10, 2002). "Civil disobedience the solution to civil flaws and disarray". The Daily Cardinal. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
65. ^ Greenhouse, Steven (June 30, 2004). "Democrats Fear Boston Police Union May Picket During Party Convention". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2008.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Farkas, Suzanne (1971). Urban Lobbying: Mayors in the Federal Arena. New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-2550-3.
* Fine, Sidney (1975). Murphy, Frank. University of Michigan Press. p. 364. ISBN 0-472-32949-9. "Frank Murphy Conference of Mayors."
* Flanagan, Richard M. "Roosevelt, Mayors and the New Deal Regime: The Origins of Intergovernmental Lobbying and Administration," Polity, 31:3 (Spring 1999), pp. 415–450.
* Gunther, John Joseph (1990). "The Interlude of Crises, Summer 1932 – Winter 1933". Federal City Relations in the United States: The Role of the Mayors in Federal Aid to Cities. University of Delaware Press. ISBN 0-87413-377-7.
* Holli, Melvin G. (1999). The American Mayor: The Best & The Worst Big-City Leaders. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-271-01877-5. "Frank Murphy Conference of Mayors." as cited at Charles Kolb, Review of "The American Mayor"
* Norquist, John O. (1999). The Wealth of Cities. Basic Books. ISBN 0-7382-0134-0.
* Fry, Earl H. (1998). The Expanding Role of State and Local Government in U.S. Foreign Affairs. Council on Foreign Relations. ISBN 0-8760-9222-9.
* Barber, Benjamin (2013). If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16483-1.
* Garcetti, Eric; Hachigian, Nina (February 21, 2020). "Cities Are Transforming U.S. Foreign Policy". Foreign Affairs. Council on Foreign Relations.
* Emanuel, Rahm (December 29, 2020). "The New City States: How Local Governments Make Foreign Policy". Foreign Affairs. Council on Foreign Relations.

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