United States Department of Defense

Executive department of the US federal government

"DoD" redirects here. For other uses, see  DOD.

United States Department of Defense

Seal of the Department of Defense

Logo for the Department of Defense

An aerial view of the Pentagon
Agency overview
Formed| 18 September 1947; 77 years ago (1947-09-18) (as National Military Establishment)
Preceding agencies|

* Department of War
* Department of the Navy

Type| Executive department
Jurisdiction| U.S. federal government
Headquarters| The Pentagon
Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.
38°52′16″N 77°3′21″W﻿ / ﻿38.87111°N 77.05583°W﻿ / 38.87111; -77.05583
Employees|

* 789,594 (civilian)[1]
* 1,294,191 (active duty military)
* 761,601 (National Guard and reserve)
* 2,845,386 total (June 30, 2024)

Annual budget| $842 billion FY2024
Agency executives|

* Peter Hegseth, Secretary
* Steve Feinberg, Deputy Secretary
* Dan Caine, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
* Christopher W. Grady, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Child agencies|

* Department of the Army
* Department of the Navy
* Department of the Air Force
* National Security Agency
* Defense Intelligence Agency
* National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
* National Reconnaissance Office

Website| defense.gov
United States
Armed Forces

Executive departments

* Department of Defense
* Department of Homeland Security

Staff

* Office of the Secretary of Defense
* Joint Chiefs of Staff

Military departments

* Department of the Army
* Department of the Navy
* Department of the Air Force

Military services

* United States Army
* United States Marine Corps
* United States Navy
* United States Air Force
* United States Space Force
* United States Coast Guard

Command structure

Unified combatant commands

* Africa Command
* Central Command
* European Command
* Indo-Pacific Command
* Northern Command
* Southern Command
* Cyber Command
* Space Command
* Special Operations Command
* Strategic Command
* Transportation Command

Combat support agencies

* Defense Contract Management Agency
* Defense Health Agency
* Defense Information Systems Agency
* Defense Intelligence Agency
* Defense Logistics Agency
* Defense Threat Reduction Agency
* National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
* National Security Agency
* Central Security Service

* v
* t
* e

The United States Department of Defense (DoD,[2] USDOD, or DOD) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government charged with coordinating and supervising the six U.S. armed services: the Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force, Space Force, the Coast Guard for some purposes, and related functions and agencies. As of November 2022, the department has over 1.4 million active-duty uniformed personnel in the six armed services.[3] It also supervises over 778,000 National Guard and reservist personnel, and over 747,000 civilians, bringing the total to over 2.91 million employees.[1] Headquartered at the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C., the Department of Defense's stated mission is "to provide the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security".[4][5] The current secretary of defense is Pete Hegseth.

The Department of Defense is headed by the secretary of defense, a cabinet-level head who reports directly to the president of the United States. The president is commander-in-chief of the U.S. armed forces. Beneath the Department of Defense are three subordinate military departments: the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force. In addition, four national intelligence services are subordinate to the Department of Defense: the Defense Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency (NSA), National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and National Reconnaissance Office.

Other Department of Defense agencies include the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Defense Logistics Agency, Missile Defense Agency, Defense Health Agency, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency, Space Development Agency and Pentagon Force Protection Agency, all of which are subordinate to the secretary of defense. Additionally, the Defense Contract Management Agency is responsible for administering contracts for the Department of Defense. Military operations are managed by eleven regional or functional unified combatant commands. The Department of Defense also operates several joint services schools, including the Eisenhower School and the National War College.

## History

[edit]

Further information: Military history of the United States

See also: National Security Act of 1947

Faced with rising tensions between the Thirteen Colonies and the British government, one of the first actions taken by the First Continental Congress in September 1774 was to recommend that the colonies begin defensive military preparations. In mid-June 1775, after the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, the Second Continental Congress, recognizing the necessity of having a national army that could move about and fight beyond the boundaries of any particular colony, organized the Continental Army on 14 June 1775.[6][7] Later that year, Congress would charter the Continental Navy on 13 October,[8] and the Continental Marines on 10 November.

### War Department and Navy Department

[edit]

Main articles: United States Department of War and United States Department of the Navy

Upon the seating of the 1st U.S. Congress on 4 March 1789, legislation to create a military defense force stagnated as they focused on other concerns relevant to setting up the new government. President George Washington went to Congress to remind them of their duty to establish a military twice during this time. Finally, on the last day of the session, 29 September 1789, Congress created the War Department.[9][10] The War Department handled naval affairs until Congress created the Navy Department in 1798. The secretaries of each department reported directly to the president as cabinet-level advisors until 1949, when all military departments became subordinate to the Secretary of Defense.

### National Military Establishment

[edit]

President Truman signs the National Security Act Amendment of 1949.

After the end of World War II, President Harry Truman proposed the creation of a unified department of national defense. In a special message to the Congress on 19 December 1945, the president cited wasteful military spending and interdepartmental conflicts. Deliberations in Congress went on for months focusing heavily on the role of the military in society and the threat of granting too much military power to the executive.[11] On 26 July 1947, Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947, which established the National Military Establishment (NME) and created the National Security Council, National Security Resources Board, United States Air Force, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The NME was placed under the control of the new post of secretary of defense.[12][13][14]

The National Military Establishment formally began operations on 18 September, the day after the Senate confirmed James V. Forrestal as the first secretary of defense.[13] The National Military Establishment was renamed the "Department of Defense" on 10 August 1949, and absorbed the three cabinet-level military departments, in an amendment to the original 1947 law.[15] The renaming is alleged to be due to the Establishment's abbreviation, NME, being pronounced "enemy."[16]

Under the Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1958 (Pub. L. 85–599), channels of authority within the department were streamlined while still maintaining the ordinary jurisdiction of the Military Departments to organize, train, and equip their associated forces. The Act clarified the overall decision-making authority of the secretary of defense concerning these subordinate military departments. It more clearly defined the operational chain of command over U.S. military forces (created by the military departments) as running from the president to the secretary of defense, the service chief of the unified combatant commanders, and then to the unified combatant commanders.[17] Also provided in this legislation was a centralized research authority, the Advanced Research Projects Agency, eventually known as DARPA. The act was written and promoted by the Eisenhower administration and was signed into law on 6 August 1958.

## Organizational structure

[edit]

Main article: Organizational structure of the United States Department of Defense

See also: List of Department of Defense agencies

Organization of the Department of Defense following the creation of the United States Space Force A December 2013 Department of Defense organizational chart

The secretary of defense, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, is by federal law (10 U.S.C. § 113) the head of the Department of Defense, "the principal assistant to the President in all matters relating to Department of Defense", and has "authority, direction, and control over the Department of Defense". Because the Constitution vests all military authority in Congress and the president, the statutory authority of the secretary of defense is derived from their constitutional authority. Since it is impractical for either Congress or the president to participate in every piece of Department of Defense affairs, the secretary of defense and the secretary's subordinate officials generally exercise military authority.

The Department of Defense is composed of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff and Joint Staff, Office of the Inspector General, Combatant Commands, Military Departments (Department of the Army, Department of the Navy and Department of the Air Force), Defense Agencies and Department of Defense Field Activities, National Guard Bureau, and such other offices, agencies, activities, organizations, and commands established or designated by law, or by the president or by the secretary of defense. Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 describes the organizational relationships within the department and is the foundational issuance for delineating the major functions of the department. The latest version, signed by former secretary of defense Robert Gates in December 2010, is the first major re-write since 1987.[18][19]

### Office of the Secretary of Defense

[edit]

Main article: Office of the Secretary of Defense

A 2008 Office of the Secretary of Defense organizational chart

The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) is the secretary and their deputies, including predominantly civilian staff. OSD is the principal staff element of the Secretary of Defense in the exercise of policy development, planning, resource management, fiscal and program evaluation and oversight, and interface and exchange with other U.S. federal government departments and agencies, foreign governments, and international organizations, through formal and informal processes. OSD also performs oversight and management of the Defense Agencies, Department of Defense Field Activities, and specialized Cross Functional Teams.

#### Defense agencies

[edit]

See also: Combat support agency

OSD is a parent agency of the following defense agencies:

* Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
* Department of Defense Education Activity
* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
* Defense Commissary Agency
* Defense Contract Audit Agency
* Defense Contract Management Agency
* Defense Finance and Accounting Service
* Defense Health Agency
* Defense Information Systems Agency
* Defense Legal Services Agency
* Defense Logistics Agency
* Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency
* Defense Security Cooperation Agency
* Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
* Defense Technical Information Center
* Defense Threat Reduction Agency
* Space Development Agency

#### National intelligence agencies

[edit]

Several defense agencies are members of the United States Intelligence Community. These are national-level intelligence services that operate under the Department of Defense jurisdiction but simultaneously fall under the authorities of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. They fulfill the requirements of national policymakers and war planners, serve as Combat Support Agencies, and also assist and deploy alongside non-Department of Defense intelligence or law enforcement services such as the Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The military services each have their intelligence elements that are distinct from but subject to coordination by national intelligence agencies under the Department of Defense. Department of Defense manages the nation's coordinating authorities and assets in disciplines of signals intelligence, geospatial intelligence, and measurement and signature intelligence, and also builds, launches, and operates the Intelligence Community's satellite assets. Department of Defense also has its own human intelligence service, which contributes to the CIA's human intelligence efforts while also focusing on military human intelligence priorities. These agencies are directly overseen by the under secretary of defense for intelligence and security.

* National Intelligence Agencies under the Department of Defense
* Defense Intelligence Agency

* National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

* National Reconnaissance Office

* National Security Agency

### Joint Chiefs of Staff

[edit]

Main article: Joint Chiefs of Staff

Joint Chiefs of Staff and Joint Staff organizational chart

The Joint Chiefs of Staff is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the Department of Defense who advise the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and the president on military matters. The composition of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is defined by statute and consists of the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, senior enlisted advisor to the chairman, the Military Service chiefs from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Space Force, in addition to the chief of National Guard Bureau, all appointed by the president following U.S. Senate confirmation.[20] Each of the individual military service chiefs, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, works directly for the secretary of the military department concerned: the secretary of the Army, secretary of the Navy, and secretary of the Air Force.[21][22][23][24]

Following the Goldwater–Nichols Act in 1986, the Joint Chiefs of Staff no longer maintained operational command authority individually or collectively. The act designated the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) as the "principal military adviser to the president, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense".[25] The remaining Joint Chiefs of Staff may only have their advice relayed to the president, National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, or the secretary of defense after submitting it to the CJCS. By law, the chairman has to present that advice whenever he is presenting his own.[26] The chain of command goes from the president to the secretary of defense to the commanders of the Combatant Commands.[27] Goldwater–Nichols also created the office of vice-chairman, and the chairman is now designated as the principal military adviser to the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and to the president.[28]

The Joint Staff is a headquarters staff at the Pentagon made up of personnel from all five services that assist the chairman and vice chairman in discharging their duties. It is managed by the director of the Joint Staff who is a lieutenant general or vice admiral.[29]

### Military departments and services

[edit]

There are three military departments within the Department of Defense:

1. the Department of the Army, within which the United States Army is organized.
2. the Department of the Navy, within which the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps are organized.
3. the Department of the Air Force, within which the United States Air Force and United States Space Force are organized.

The military departments are each headed by their secretary (i.e., Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy and Secretary of the Air Force), appointed by the president, with the advice and consent of the Senate. They have the legal authority under Title 10 of the United States Code to conduct all the affairs of their respective departments within which the military services are organized.[30] The secretaries of the military departments are (by law) subordinate to the secretary of defense and (by SecDef delegation) to the deputy secretary of defense.

Secretaries of military departments, in turn, normally exercise authority over their forces by delegation through their respective service chiefs (i.e., Chief of Staff of the Army, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, and Chief of Space Operations) over forces not assigned to a Combatant Command.[31]

Military departments are tasked solely with "the training, provision of equipment, and administration of troops."[31] The Defense Reorganization Act of 1958 removed the power of command over troops from secretaries of military departments and service chiefs.

* Military Departments of the Department of Defense
* Department of the Army

* Department of the Navy

* Department of the Air Force

* Military Services of the Department of Defense
* U.S. Army

* U.S. Marine Corps

* U.S. Navy

* U.S. Air Force

* U.S. Space Force

### Unified Combatant Commands

[edit]

Main article: Unified combatant command

U.S. Department of Defense combatant command areas of responsibility

A unified combatant command is a military command composed of personnel/equipment from at least two Military Departments, which has a broad, continuing mission.[32] They are responsible for the operational command of forces. Almost all operational U.S. forces are under the authority of a Unified Command.[31] The DOD Unified Command Plan lays out combatant commands' missions, geographical/functional responsibilities, and force structure.[32]

During military operations, the chain of command runs from the president to the secretary of defense to the combatant commanders of the Combatant Commands.[31]

As of 2019[update], the United States has eleven Combatant Commands, organized either on a geographical basis (known as "area of responsibility", AOR) or on a global, functional basis:[33]

* U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)
* U.S. Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM)
* U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM)
* U.S. European Command (USEUCOM)
* U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM)
* U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM)
* U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM)
* U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)
* U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM)
* U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM)
* U.S. Space Command (USSPACECOM)

## Budget

[edit]

Main article: Military budget of the United States

Defense spending as a percent of gross domestic product from 1792 to 2017 Total United States Defense outlays from 1962 to 2024 in $millions (2019 to 2024 are estimated)

Department of Defense spending in 2017 was 3.15% of GDP and accounted for about 38% of the budgeted global military spending – more than the next 7 largest militaries combined.[34] By 2019, the 27th secretary of defense had begun a line-by-line review of the defense budget; in 2020 the secretary identified items amounting to $5.7 billion, out of a $106 billion subtotal (the so-called "fourth estate" agencies such as missile defense, and defense intelligence, amounting to 16% of the defense budget),[35][36] He will re-deploy to the modernization of hypersonics, artificial intelligence, and missile defense.[35] Beyond 2021 the 27th secretary of defense is projecting the need for yearly budget increases of 3 to 5 percent to modernize.[37]

The Department of Defense accounts for the majority of federal discretionary spending. In FY 2017, the Department of Defense budgeted spending accounted for 15% of the U.S. federal budget, and 49% of federal discretionary spending, which represents funds not accounted for by pre-existing obligations. However, this does not include many military-related items that are outside the Department of Defense budget, such as nuclear weapons research, maintenance, cleanup, and production, which is in the Department of Energy budget, Veterans Affairs, the Treasury Department's payments in pensions to military retirees and widows and their families, interest on debt incurred in past wars, or State Department financing of foreign arms sales and militarily-related development assistance. Neither does it include defense spending that is not military, such as the Department of Homeland Security, counter-terrorism spending by the FBI, and intelligence-gathering spending by the NSA.

In the 2010 United States federal budget, the Department of Defense was allocated a base budget of $533.7 billion, with a further $75.5 billion adjustment in respect of 2009, and $130 billion for overseas contingencies.[38] The subsequent 2010 Department of Defense Financial Report shows the total budgetary resources for fiscal year 2010 were $1.2 trillion.[39] Of these resources, $1.1 trillion were obligated and $994 billion were disbursed, with the remaining resources relating to multi-year modernization projects requiring additional time to procure.[39] After over a decade of non-compliance, as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, Congress established a deadline of Fiscal year 2017 for the Department of Defense to achieve audit readiness,[40] although this did not end up occurring.

In 2015 the allocation for the Department of Defense was $585 billion,[41] the highest level of budgetary resources among all federal agencies, and this amounts to more than one-half of the annual federal expenditures in the United States federal budget discretionary budget.[42]

On 28 September 2018, President Donald Trump signed the Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2019 (H.R.6157) into law.[43] On 30 September 2018, the FY2018 Budget expired and the FY2019 budget came into effect.

### FY2019

[edit]

The FY2019 Budget for the Department of Defense is approximately $686,074,048,000[44] (Including Base + Overseas Contingency Operations + Emergency Funds) in discretionary spending and $8,992,000,000 in mandatory spending totaling $695,066,000,000

Undersecretary of Defense (Comptroller) David L. Norquist said in a hearing regarding the FY 2019 budget: "The overall number you often hear is $716 billion. That is the amount of funding for national defense, the accounting code is 050 and includes more than simply the Department of Defense. It includes, for example, the Department of Energy and others. That large a number, if you back out the $30 billion for non-defense agencies, you get to $686 billion. That is the funding for the Department of Defense, split between $617 billion in base and $69 billion in overseas contingency".[45]

The Department of Defense budget encompasses the majority of the National Defense Budget of approximately $716.0 billion in discretionary spending and $10.8 billion in mandatory spending for a $726.8 billion total. Of the total, $708.1 billion falls under the jurisdiction of the House Committee on Armed Services and Senate Armed Services Committee and is subject to authorization by the annual National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). The remaining $7.9 billion falls under the jurisdiction of other congressional committees.[46]

The Department of Defense is unique because it is one of the few federal entities where the majority of its funding falls into the discretionary category. The majority of the entire federal budget is mandatory, and much of the discretionary funding in the budget consists of DoD dollars.

#### Budget overview

[edit]

DoD Base + OCO + Emergency budget by appropriation title[47] Title  | FY 2019 ($ in thousands)*

|

Military Personnel  | $152,883,052
Operation and Maintenance  | $283,544,068
Procurement  | $144,340,905
RDT&E  | $92,364,681
Revolving and Management Funds  | $1,557,305
Defense Bill | $674,690,011
Military Construction  | $9,801,405
Family Housing  | $1,582,632
Military Construction Bill | $11,384,037
Total | $686,074,048

* Numbers may not add due to rounding

### FY2024

[edit]

As of 10 March 2023 the fiscal year 2024 (FY2024) presidential budget request was $842 billion.[a] In January 2023, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen announced the US government would hit its $31.4 trillion debt ceiling on 19 January 2023;[50] the date on which the US government would no longer be able to use extraordinary measures such as issuance of Treasury securities is estimated to be in June 2023.[51] On 3 June 2023, the debt ceiling was suspended until 2025.[52] The $886 billion National Defense Authorization Act is facing reconciliation of the House and Senate bills after passing both houses 27 July 2023; the conferees have to be chosen, next.[53][54][55] As of September 2023, a Continuing resolution is needed to prevent a Government shutdown.[56][57] A shutdown was avoided on 30 September for 45 days (until 17 November 2023),[58][59][60][61] with passage of the NDAA on 14 December 2023.[62] The Senate will next undertake negotiations on supplemental spending for 2024.[63][64] A government shutdown was averted on 23 March 2024 with the signing of a $1.2 trillion bill to cover FY2024.[65][66]

### Criticism of finances

[edit]

See also: Government Accountability Office investigations of the Department of Defense

A 2013 Reuters investigation concluded that Defense Finance and Accounting Service, the Department of Defense's primary financial management arm, implements monthly "unsubstantiated change actions"—illegal, inaccurate "plugs"—that forcibly make DoD's books match Treasury's books.[67] Reuters reported that the Pentagon was the only federal agency that had not released annual audits as required by a 1992 law. According to Reuters, the Pentagon "annually reports to Congress that its books are in such disarray that an audit is impossible".[68][69]

In 2015, a Pentagon consulting firm performed an audit on the Department of Defense's budget. It found that there was $125 billion in wasteful spending that could be saved over the next five years without layoffs or reduction in military personnel. In 2016, The Washington Post uncovered that rather than taking the advice of the auditing firm, senior defense officials suppressed and hid the report from the public to avoid political scrutiny.[70] In June 2016, the Office of the Inspector General released a report stating that the Army made $6.5 trillion in wrongful adjustments to its accounting entries in 2015.[71] The Department of Defense failed its fifth audit in 2022, and could not account for more than 60% of its $3.5 trillion in assets.[72]

In the latest Center for Effective Government analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the most Freedom of Information Act requests, published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data, the most recent years available), the DoD earned 61 out of a possible 100 points, a D− grade. While it had improved from a failing grade in 2013, it still had low scores in processing requests (55%) and disclosure rules (42%).[73]

## Related legislation

[edit]

The organization and functions of the Department of Defense are in Title 10 of the United States Code.

Other significant legislation related to the Department of Defense includes:

* 1947: National Security Act of 1947
* 1958: Department of Defense Reorganization Act, Pub. L. 85–599
* 1963: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, Pub. L. 88–149
* 1963: Military Construction Authorization Act, Pub. L. 88–174
* 1967: Supplemental Defense Appropriations Act, Pub. L. 90–8
* 1984: Department of Defense Authorization Act, Pub. L. 98–525
* 1986: Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 (Department of Defense Reorganization Act), Pub. L. 99–433
* 1996: Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, Pub. L. 104–132 (text) (PDF)

## See also

[edit]

* United States portal
* Politics portal

* Arms industry
* Energy usage of the United States military
* Global Command and Control System
* JADE (planning system)
* List of United States defense contractors
* List of United States military bases
* Military–industrial complex
* Nuclear weapons
* Private military company
* Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations
* United States Department of Homeland Security
* United States Department of Justice
* United States Department of Veterans Affairs
* Warrior Games

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The Senate agreed to the debt ceiling arrangement for 2023–2025 on 2 June 2023.[48][49]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "DoD Personnel, Workforce Reports & Publications". Defense Manpower Data Center. 30 June 2024. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
2. ^ "Manual for Written Material" (PDF). Department of Defense. p. 9\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2004. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
3. ^ "The World's Biggest Employers". Statista. 11 November 2022. Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
4. ^ "U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE > Our Story". www.defense.gov. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
5. ^ Szoldra, Paul (29 June 2018). "Trump's Pentagon Quietly Made a Change to the Stated Mission It's Had for Two Decades". Task & Purpose. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
6. ^ Millett, Allan R.; Maslowski, Peter; Feis, William B. (2012) [1984]. "The American Revolution, 1763–1783". For the Common Defense: A Military History of the United States from 1607 to 2012 (3rd ed.). The Free Press (a division of Simon & Schuster). ISBN 978-1451623536.
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8. ^ Naval History and Heritage Command. "Navy Birthday Information – October 13, 1775". Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
9. ^ "Congress Officially Created the U.S. Military: September 29, 1789". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
10. ^ Joe Carmel, ed. (n.d.) [Original Statute 1789]. "Statutes at Large, Session I, Charter XXV" (PDF). Legisworks. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018. "An Act to recognize and adapt to the Constitution of the United States the establishment of the Troops raised under the Resolves of the United States in Congress assembled, and for other purposes therein mentioned."
11. ^ Hogan, Michael J. (2000). A cross of iron: Harry S. Truman and the origins of the national security state, 1945–1954. Cambridge University Press. pp. 37–38\. ISBN 978-0-521-79537-1.
12. ^ Polmar 2005, p. 17.
13. ^ a b "James V. Forrestal, Harry S. Truman Administration". Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense. Office of the Secretary of Defense. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
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16. ^ "National Archives NextGen Catalog". catalog.archives.gov. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
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19. ^ "Directives Division" (PDF). www.dtic.mil. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
20. ^ [1] 10 USC 151. Joint Chiefs of Staff: composition; functions
21. ^ 10 U.S.C. § 3033 Archived 12 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
22. ^ 10 U.S.C. § 5033 Archived 12 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
23. ^ 10 U.S.C. § 5043 Archived 12 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
24. ^ 10 U.S.C. § 8033 Archived 12 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
25. ^ "10 U.S. Code § 151(b)(1) – Joint Chiefs of Staff: composition; functions". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
26. ^ "10 U.S. Code § 151 – Joint Chiefs of Staff: composition; functions". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
27. ^ 10 U.S.C. § 162(b) Archived 29 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
28. ^ 10 U.S.C § 151(b) Archived 12 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
29. ^ 10 U.S.C § 155 Archived March 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
30. ^ 10 U.S.C. § 3013, 10 U.S.C. § 5013 and 10 U.S.C. § 8013
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32. ^ a b Whitley 2009, p. 44.
33. ^ "Combat Commands". US Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
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36. ^ "Mackenzie Eaglen (05 February 2020) Is Army Richest Service? Navy? Air Force? AEI's Eaglen Peels Back Budget Onion". 5 February 2020. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
37. ^ McLeary (6 February 2020) Flatline: SecDef Esper Says DoD Budgets Must Grow 3–5%
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41. ^ "Current & Future Defense Capabilities of the U.S." UTEP. Archived from the original on 2 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
42. ^ "Federal Spending: Where Does the Money Go". National Priorities Project. Archived from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
43. ^ Granger, Kay (28 September 2018). "Titles – H.R.6157 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2019". www.congress.gov. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
44. ^ "FY 2019 PB Green Book" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
45. ^ DoD Comptroller (2019) Overview – National Defense Budget Estimates for Fiscal Year (FY) 2019  Archived 13 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine FY 2019 PB Green Book
46. ^ "The FY2019 Defense Budget Request: An Overview" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
47. ^ "FY2019 Budget Request Overview Book.pdf" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
48. ^ Ashley Roque (10 March 2023) White House requests $842 billion to fund Pentagon in 2024 PPBE "request to Congress includes $6 billion to support Ukraine, NATO, and other European partner states, and $9.1 billion for DoD's Pacific Deterrence Initiative".
49. ^ Nicola Slawson (2 Jun 2023) First Thing: US debt ceiling deal passes Senate, averting catastrophic federal default
50. ^ Morgan, David; Lawder, David (20 January 2023). "U.S. hits debt ceiling as partisan standoff sparks economic worries". Reuters. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
51. ^ Victor Reklaitis (17 January 2023) U.S. to hit debt limit Thursday: Here's what that means
* Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (28 Oct 2022) Q&A: Everything You Should Know About the Debt Ceiling
* Stephen Collinson (18 Jan 2023) Russia's war in Ukraine reaches a critical moment in power projection in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
52. ^ Dorn, Sara. "Biden Signs Debt Ceiling Bill Into Law—Lifts Borrowing Limit Until 2025". Forbes. Retrieved 6 June 2023. Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023
53. ^ Katz, Justin (28 July 2023). "Ducking the culture wars, Senate passes NDAA 86–11". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
54. ^ O'Brien, Connor; Gould, Joe (2 July 2023). "The Pentagon policy bill's next big stumbling block: Kevin McCarthy". Politico. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
55. ^ Harris, Bryant (23 June 2023). "Senate defense bill pushes for spending over debt ceiling cap". Defense News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2025. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
56. ^ Harris, Bryant (13 September 2023). "Freedom Caucus derails Pentagon spending bill, foreshadowing shutdown". Defense News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2025.
* Kapur, Sahil (18 September 2023). "Far-right Republicans drafted a short-term funding bill with GOP centrists. It's now at risk of collapse". NBC News. Retrieved 18 May 2025.
57. ^ Morgan, David; Cowan, Richard (21 September 2023). "Shutdown looms as US House Republicans again block own spending bill". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
58. ^ Alexandra Hutzler and Nadine El-Bawab (30 Sep 2023) Government shutdown live updates: House passes 45-day stopgap spending bill
59. ^ Clare Foran, Haley Talbot, Morgan Rimmer, Annie Grayer, Lauren Fox and Melanie Zanona, CNN (30 Sep 2023) Congress passes stopgap bill to avert shutdown ahead of midnight deadline
60. ^ Rebecca Kheel (15 Nov 2023) Congress Has Plan to Avert Shutdown, But It's About to Make Pentagon Budgeting Even More Complicated
61. ^ Leo Shane III (3 Dec 2023) Defense authorization deal expected this week
62. ^ Patricia Zengerle (7 Dec 2023) US lawmakers introduce sweeping defense bill, drop most 'culture war' issues; Patricia Zengerle (13 Dec 2023) US Senate passes mammoth defense policy bill, next up vote in House Bill is nearly 3100 pages, for $886 billion NDAA passed Senate 87–13; Bryant Harris (14 Dec 2023) Congress passed the FY24 defense policy bill: Here's what's inside passed House 310–118.
63. ^ BURGESS EVERETT, ANTHONY ADRAGNA and JENNIFER HABERKORN (14 Dec 2024) Sinema 'can see the deal' on Ukraine-border as Schumer cuts recess
64. ^ Sumanti Sen (8 Jan 2024) US government shutdown: Congressional leaders sign $1.66 trillion government funding deal $1,659 billion= $886.3 billion for defense, $772.7 billion for non-defense
65. ^ Clare Foran (23 Mar 2024) Biden signs government funding bill
66. ^ Carl Hulse (18 Jan 2024) Congress Clears Stopgap Spending Bill for Biden, Moving to Avert Shutdown
67. ^ Paltrow, Scot J. (18 November 2013). "Special Report: The Pentagon's doctored ledgers conceal epic waste". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
68. ^ Paltrow, Scot J.; Carr, Kelly (2 July 2013). "Reuters Investigates – Unaccountable: The Pentagon's bad bookkeeping". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
69. ^ Paltrow, Scot J. (18 November 2013). "Special Report: The Pentagon's doctored ledgers conceal epic waste". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
70. ^ Whitlock, Craig; Woodward, Bob (5 December 2016). "Pentagon buries evidence of $125 billion in bureaucratic waste". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 18 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
71. ^ Paltrow, Scot J. (19 August 2016). "U.S. Army fudged its accounts by trillions of dollars, auditor finds". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
72. ^ Mitchell, Ellen (17 November 2022). "Defense Department fails another audit, but makes progress". The Hill. Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
73. ^ Making the Grade: Access to Information Scorecard 2015 Archived August 11, 2019, at the Wayback Machine March 2015, 80 pages, Center for Effective Government, retrieved March 21, 2016

* Polmar, Norman (2005). The Naval Institute guide to the ships and aircraft of the U.S. Fleet. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-685-8.
* Whitley, Joe D.; et al., eds. (2009). "Unified Combatant Commands and USNORTHCOM". Homeland security: legal and policy issues. American Bar Association. ISBN 978-1-60442-462-1.

## External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Department of Defense and The Pentagon.

Library resources about
United States Department of Defense

* * *

* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries

* Official website
* Department of Defense on USAspending.gov
* Department of Defense in the Federal Register
* Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) Budget and Financial Management Policy
* Death and Taxes: 2009—A visual guide and infographic of the 2009 United States federal budget, including the Department of Defense with data provided by the Comptrollers office.
* Department of Defense IA Policy Chart
* Works by United States Department of Defense at Project Gutenberg
* Works by or about United States Department of Defense at the Internet Archive
* Department of Defense Collection at the Internet Archive

* v
* t
* e

United States Department of Defense

* Headquarters: The Pentagon

* Pete Hegseth, Secretary of Defense
* Steve Feinberg, Deputy Secretary of Defense

Office of the Secretary of Defense
(including defense agencies and DoD field activities)

| Deputy Secretary of Defense|

* Deputy's Advisory Working Group
* Office of Net Assessment
* Special Access Program Oversight Committee

|

Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)|

* Defense Contract Audit Agency
* Defense Finance and Accounting Service

Under Secretary of Defense
for Acquisition and Sustainment|

* Defense Contract Management Agency
* Defense Logistics Agency
* Defense Threat Reduction Agency
* Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation
* Defense Acquisition University
* Defense Acquisition Board
* Defense Microelectronics Activity

Under Secretary of Defense
for Intelligence and Security|

* Defense Intelligence Agency
* Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
* Defense Information Systems Agency
* White House Communications Agency
* National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
* National Reconnaissance Office
* National Security Agency/Central Security Service
* Director/Chief

Under Secretary of Defense
for Personnel and Readiness|

* Defense Commissary Agency
* Department of Defense Education Activity
* Defense Human Resources Activity
* Defense Activity for Non-Traditional Education Support
* Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute
* Defense Travel Management Office
* Defense Civilian Personnel Advisory Service
* Defense Health Agency
* Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Under Secretary of Defense for Policy|

* Defense Security Cooperation Agency
* Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency
* Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee

Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs|

* Defense Media Activity
* American Forces Network
* Defense Information School
* Defense Visual Information Distribution Service
* Stars and Stripes

Under Secretary of Defense
for Research and Engineering|

* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
* Defense Innovation Unit
* Defense Technical Information Center
* Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center
* Missile Defense Agency

General Counsel of the Department of Defense|

* Defense Legal Services Agency (Office of Military Commissions)

Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense|

* Pentagon Force Protection Agency
* Washington Headquarters Services (White House Military Office)

Reports directly|

* Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs

Military Departments

| Department of the Army|

* Secretary of the Army
The Secretariat: Under Secretary of the Army
* Assistant Secretary for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology
* Assistant Secretary for Civil Works
* Assistant Secretary (Financial Management and Comptroller)
* Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment
* Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs
* General Counsel of the Army
* The Administrative Assistant
The Army Staff: Chief of Staff of the Army
* Vice Chief of Staff of the Army
* Sergeant Major of the Army
* Deputy Chief of Staff G-8 Programs
* Chief of Chaplains
* Judge Advocate General
* Provost Marshal General
* Surgeon General
U.S. Army field organizations: see Structure of the United States Army

|

Department of the Navy|

* Secretary of the Navy
The Secretariat: Under Secretary of the Navy
* Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Energy, Installations and Environment)
* Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)
* Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)
* Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition)
* General Counsel of the Navy
* Judge Advocate General
* Naval Criminal Investigative Service
* Naval Inspector General
Headquarters Marine Corps: Commandant of the Marine Corps
* Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
* Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
* Chaplain
U.S. Marine Corps field organizations: see Organization of the United States Marine Corps
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations: Chief of Naval Operations
* Vice Chief of Naval Operations
* Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
* Director of Naval Reactors
* Chief of Chaplains
* Chief of Naval Personnel
* Surgeon General
United States Navy field organizations: see Structure of the United States Navy

Department of the Air Force|

* Secretary of the Air Force
The Secretariat: Under Secretary of the Air Force
* Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics)
* Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management & Comptroller)
* Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Installations, Environment & Energy)
* Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower & Reserve Affairs)
* General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force
* Air Force Office of Special Investigations
The Air Staff: Chief of Staff of the Air Force
* Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force
* Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
* Chief of Chaplains
* Chief of Safety
* Chief Scientist
* Judge Advocate General
* Surgeon General
U.S. Air Force field organizations: Major Commands
* Direct Reporting Units
* Field Operating Agencies
Space Staff: Chief of Space Operations
* United States Space Force field organizations

Joint Chiefs of Staff

* Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
* Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman
* Joint Requirements Oversight Council
* Director of the Joint Staff
* Joint Staff
* National Military Command Center
* Alternate National Military Command Center
* National Defense University
* Joint Personnel Recovery Agency

Combatant Commands

* Africa Command
* Central Command
* European Command
* Northern Command
* Indo-Pacific Command
* Southern Command
* Space Command
* Cyber Command
* Special Operations Command
* Strategic Command
* Transportation Command

National Guard Bureau

* Chief of the National Guard Bureau
* Air National Guard
* Army National Guard

Office of the Inspector General

* Defense Criminal Investigative Service

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

United States Armed Forces

Legend
A = Army
MC = Marine Corps
N = Navy
AF = Air Force
SF = Space Force
CG = Coast Guard

Leadership|

* President of the United States
* Secretary of Defense
* Deputy Secretary of Defense
* Secretary of Homeland Security
* Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
* Joint Chiefs of Staff
* Chairman
* Vice Chairman
* Committees on Armed Services
* Senate
* House
* Active duty four-star officers
* Active duty three-star officers
* United States military seniority
* National Security Act of 1947
* Goldwater–Nichols Act

Components|

| Military departments|

* Department of Defense
* Secretary
* Department of the Army
* Secretary
* Department of the Navy
* Secretary
* Department of the Air Force
* Secretary
* Department of Homeland Security
* Secretary

|

Service branches
and heads|

* Chief of Staff of the United States Army
* Commandant of the Marine Corps
* Chief of Naval Operations
* Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
* Chief of Space Operations
* Commandant of the Coast Guard

Reserve components|

* Reserves:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* CG
* National Guard:
* A
* AF

Civilian auxiliaries|

* Military Auxiliary Radio System
* Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary
* Merchant Marine
* Civil Air Patrol
* Coast Guard Auxiliary

Unified combatant
command|

* Africa
* Central
* European
* Indo-Pacific
* Northern
* Southern
* Space
* Cyber
* Special Operations
* Strategic
* Transportation

Structure|

* United States Code
* Title 10
* Title 14
* Title 32
* Title 50
* The Pentagon
* Installations
* Units:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* SF
* CG
* Logistics
* Media
* Unit mottoes

Operations
and history|

* Budget
* Current deployments
* Conflicts
* Wars
* Civil affairs

History|

* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* SF
* CG

Timeline|

* Colonial
* World War II

Demographics|

* African Americans
* Asian Americans
* Buddhist Americans
* Jewish Americans
* Muslim Americans
* Sikh Americans
* Hispanic Americans
* Civil War
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Marine Corps
* Navy
* Academy

History centers|

* Army Center of Military History
* Marine Corps History Division
* Naval History and Heritage Command
* Air Force Historical Research Agency

War artists|

* Army Art Program
* Air Force Art Program

Personnel|

| Training|

* Service academies:
* A (prep)
* MC/N (prep)
* AF/SF (prep)
* CG
* Merchant Marine
* ROTC
* A
* MC/N
* AF/SF
* Officer candidate/training school:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF/SF
* Warrant officer:
* A
* MEPS
* ASVAB
* The Basic School (MC)
* Enlisted recruit training:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF/SF
* CG
* Other education

|

Uniforms|

* Uniforms:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* SF
* CG
* Awards & decorations:
* Inter-service
* A
* MC/N
* AF/SF
* CG
* Foreign
* International
* Devices
* Badges:
* Identification
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* SF
* CG

Ranks|

* Officer:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* SF
* CG
* Warrant officers
* Enlisted:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* SF
* CG

Other|

* Oath:
* Enlistment
* Officer
* Creeds & Codes:
* Code of Conduct
* NCO
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* CG
* Service numbers:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* CG
* Military Occupational Specialty/Rating/Air Force Specialty Code
* Pay
* Uniform Code of Military Justice
* Judge Advocate General's Corps
* Military Health System/Tricare
* Separation
* Veterans Affairs
* Conscription
* Chiefs of Chaplains:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* CG

Equipment|

* A (Designations)
* MC:
* vehicles
* weapons
* other
* N
* AF
* CG

| Land|

* Individual weapons
* Crew-served weapons
* Vehicles (active)

|

Sea|

* All watercraft
* Ships:
* A
* N
* active
* future
* AF
* CG
* MSC
* Weapons:
* N
* Reactors

Air|

* Aircraft
* World War I
* active
* future
* Aircraft designation
* Helicopter arms

Other|

* WWII equipment
* Nuclear football
* Electronics (designations)
* Flags:
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* SF
* CG
* Ensign
* Jack
* Guidons
* Food
* WMDs:
* Nuclear
* Biological
* Chemical

* Category
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* SF
* CG
* Navboxes
* A
* MC
* N
* AF
* SF
* CG

* v
* t
* e

United States Intelligence Community

Intelligence
Community|

| Defense|

* Defense Intelligence Agency
* Defense Clandestine Service
* Defense Debriefing Service
* Defense Attaché System
* National Intelligence University
* Missile and Space Intelligence Center
* National Center for Medical Intelligence
* Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
* National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
* National Reconnaissance Office (Sentient (intelligence analysis system))
* National Security Agency
* Central Security Service
* Special Collection Service

| Armed Forces|

* Army Intelligence and Security Command
* Marine Corps Intelligence
* Office of Naval Intelligence
* Air Force Intelligence
* Space Force Intelligence (Space Delta 7 / Space Delta 18)
* Coast Guard Intelligence (Homeland Security)

|

Civilian|

* Bureau of Intelligence and Research (State)
* Central Intelligence Agency
* Directorate of Operations
* Special Activities Center
* Open Source Center
* Directorate of Science and Technology
* CIA University
* DEA Office of National Security Intelligence (Justice)
* FBI Intelligence Branch (Justice)
* Office of Intelligence and Analysis (Homeland Security)
* Office of Intelligence and Analysis (Treasury)
* Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (Energy)

Director of
National
Intelligence|

* Director of National Intelligence
* National Counterterrorism Center
* National Counterproliferation Center
* National Counterintelligence and Security Center
* Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center
* National Intelligence Council
* Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
* Joint Intelligence Community Council
* Chief Information Officer

Executive Office
of the President|

* National Security Advisor
* National Security Council
* President's Intelligence Advisory Board
* Homeland Security Council
* Homeland Security Advisor
* President's Daily Brief

Other|

* Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
* Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
* National Security Division (Justice)
* Army Intelligence Support Activity
* Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System
* Intellipedia
* Iranian Directorate
* National Museum of Intelligence and Special Operations

Oversight|

* Senate Intelligence Committee
* House Intelligence Committee
* Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
* Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
* Office of Management and Budget
* Information Security Oversight Office
* Intelligence Oversight Board

Defunct|

* Contingency Fund for Foreign Intercourse
* Counterintelligence Field Activity
* Military Information Division
* Military Intelligence Division
* Military Intelligence Service
* Office of Strategic Services
* Office of Special Plans
* Ritchie Boys
* Strategic Support Branch

* v
* t
* e

Federal executive departments of the United States of America

Current|

* Agriculture
* Commerce
* Defense
* Education
* Energy
* Health and Human Services
* Homeland Security
* Housing and Urban Development
* Interior
* Justice
* Labor
* State
* Transportation
* Treasury
* Veterans Affairs

Former|

* Air Force
* Army
* Commerce and Labor
* Health, Education, and Welfare
* Navy
* Post Office
* War

* v
* t
* e

Harry S. Truman

* 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953)
* 34th Vice President of the United States (1945)
* U.S. Senator from Missouri (1935–1945)

Presidency|

* Timeline
* Inaugurations
* first
* second
* Assassination attempt
* 1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum
* State of the Union Address
* 1946
* 1947
* 1948
* 1949
* 1950
* 1951
* 1952
* 1953
* Judicial appointments
* Supreme Court
* Sherman Minton Supreme Court nomination
* Cabinet
* Truman Balcony
* "The buck stops here"
* Executive Orders
* Presidential Proclamations
* Eisenhower transition

| Foreign policy|

* Truman Doctrine
* Potsdam Conference
* 1945; Agreement on Europe
* Declaration to Japan
* Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)
* War Brides Act (1945)
* Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
* Luce–Celler Act (1946)
* Executive Order 9835 (1947)
* General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947)
* Hoover Commission (1947)
* National Security Act of 1947
* U.S. Department of Defense
* Joint Chiefs of Staff
* National Security Council
* National Security Resources Board
* Air Force/Department
* Central Intelligence Agency
* Displaced Persons Act (1948)
* Key West Agreement (1948)
* Marshall Plan (1948)
* Joint Long Range Proving Grounds (1949)
* North Atlantic Treaty
* 1949; NATO
* Revolt of the Admirals (1949)
* Korean War
* 1950–1953; U.N. Security Council Resolutions 82, 83
* Defense Production Act of 1950
* Relief of Douglas MacArthur
* Office of Defense Mobilization
* 1950; Science Advisory Committee, 1951
* Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
* National Security Agency (1952)

|

Fair Deal|

* Medal of Freedom (1945)
* Revenue Act of 1945
* National Mental Health Act
* 1946; National Institute of Mental Health
* Atomic Energy Act of 1946
* U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
* Employment Act of 1946
* Council of Economic Advisers
* Flood Control Acts
* 1946
* 1948
* 1950
* Fulbright Program (1946)
* Hill–Burton Act (1946)
* Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946
* Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946
* Federal Tort Claims Act
* Legislative Reference Service
* National School Lunch Act (1946)
* President's Committee on Civil Rights (1946)
* Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (1947)
* Housing and Home Finance Agency (1947)
* Presidential Succession Act of 1947
* Taft–Hartley Act (1947)
* Agricultural Act of 1948
* Executive Order 9981 (1948)
* Revenue Act of 1948
* Agricultural Act of 1949
* Housing Act of 1949
* Dingell–Johnson Act (1950)
* Revenue Act of 1950
* Excess profits tax
* Unrelated Business Income Tax
* Revenue Act of 1951
* Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952
* 1952 steel strike

Life|

* Early life and career
* Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite
* Missouri Office and Courtroom
* Truman Committee
* 1944 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
* The Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace

Homes|

* Birthplace
* Harry S. Truman Farm Home
* Harry S. Truman home and National Historic Site
* Historic District
* Blair House
* Truman Little White House

Elections|

* United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934
* 1940
* Democratic National Convention 1944
* 1948
* 1944 United States presidential election
* 1948
* campaign
* "Dewey Defeats Truman"
* campaign song
* Ferdinand Magellan railcar
* 1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Legacy|

* Bibliography
* Truman Day
* Harry S Truman Building
* Truman Dam and Reservoir
* Harry S. Truman Scholarship
* Truman Sports Complex
* U.S. Postage stamps
* Statue of Harry S. Truman

Public image|

* Give 'em Hell, Harry! (1975 play and film)
* Harry Truman (1975 song by Chicago)
* Collision Course: Truman vs. MacArthur (1976 film)
* MacArthur (1977 film)
* Backstairs at the White House (1979 miniseries)
* Truman (1995 film)
* Truman (1997 documentary film)
* The First Lady (2022 TV series)
* Oppenheimer (2023 film)

Family|

* Bess Wallace Truman (wife)
* Margaret Truman (daughter)
* Martha Ellen Young Truman (mother)
* Clifton Truman Daniel (grandson)

* ← Franklin D. Roosevelt
* Dwight D. Eisenhower →

* ← Henry A. Wallace
* Alben W. Barkley →

* Category

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Australia
* Norway
* Taiwan
* Croatia
* Greece
* Korea
* Sweden
* Poland
* Israel
* Catalonia

Academics|

* CiNii

Artists|

* ULAN

People|

* Trove

Other|

* IdRef
* NARA
* SNAC
* Yale LUX

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[Pub. L.]: Public Law