United States Department of Energy

U.S. government department regulating energy production and nuclear material handling

"USDOE" redirects here. For the U.S. Department of Education, see United States Department of Education.

United States Department of Energy

Seal of the U.S. Department of Energy

James V. Forrestal Building, headquarter building named after James Forrestal
Agency overview
Formed| August 4, 1977; 48 years ago (1977-08-04)
Preceding agencies|

* Federal Energy Administration (FEA)
* Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)

Jurisdiction| U.S. federal government
Headquarters| James V. Forrestal Building
1000 Independence Avenue
Southwest, Washington, D.C., U.S.
38°53′13″N 77°1′34″W﻿ / ﻿38.88694°N 77.02611°W﻿ / 38.88694; -77.02611
Employees| 14,382 federal civilian (2018)[1]
93,094 contract (2008)
Annual budget| $45.7 billion (2023)[2]
Agency executives|

* Chris Wright, Secretary
* James Danly, Deputy Secretary

Key document|

* Department of Energy Organization Act

Website| energy.gov

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and energy production, the research and development of nuclear power, the military's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy-related research, and energy conservation.

The DOE was created in 1977 in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis. It sponsors more physical science research than any other U.S. federal agency, the majority of which is conducted through its system of National Laboratories.[3][4] The DOE also directs research in genomics, with the Human Genome Project originating from a DOE initiative.[5]

The department is headed by the secretary of energy, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the Cabinet. The current secretary of energy is Chris Wright, who has served in the position since February 2025.[6] The department's headquarters are in southwestern Washington, D.C., in the James V. Forrestal Building, with additional offices in Germantown, Maryland.

## History

[edit]

### Formation and consolidation

[edit]

In 1942, during World War II, the United States started the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. After the war, in 1946, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was created to control the future of the project.[7][8] The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 also created the framework for the first National Laboratories. Among other nuclear projects, the AEC produced fabricated uranium fuel cores at locations such as Fernald Feed Materials Production Center in Cincinnati, Ohio.[9][10][11] The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 split the responsibilities of the AEC into the new Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which was charged with regulating the nuclear power industry, and the Energy Research and Development Administration, which was assigned to manage the nuclear weapon, naval reactor, and energy development programs.[12]

The 1973 oil crisis called attention to the need to consolidate energy policy.[13][14][15] In 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed into law the Department of Energy Organization Act, which established the Department of Energy.[16] The new agency, which began operations on October 1, 1977, consolidated the Federal Energy Administration, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Federal Power Commission, and programs of various other agencies. Former Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger, who served under Presidents Nixon and Ford during the Vietnam War, was appointed as the first secretary.

President Carter proposed the Department of Energy with the goal of promoting energy conservation and energy independence, and developing alternative sources of energy to reduce the use of fossil fuels.[17] With international energy's future uncertain for America, Carter acted quickly to have the department come into action the first year of his presidency. This was an extremely important issue of the time as the oil crisis was causing shortages and inflation.[18] With the Three Mile Island accident, Carter was able to intervene with the help of the department. Through the DOE, Carter was able to make changes within the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, including improving management and procedures, since nuclear energy and weapons are responsibilities of the department.[19]

### Weapon plans stolen

[edit]

Main article: Wen Ho Lee

In December 1999, the FBI was investigating how China obtained plans for a specific nuclear device. Wen Ho Lee was accused of stealing nuclear secrets from Los Alamos National Laboratory for the People's Republic of China. Federal officials, including then-Energy Secretary Bill Richardson, publicly named Lee as a suspect before he was charged with a crime. The U.S. Congress held hearings to investigate the Department of Energy's handling of his case. Republican senators thought that an independent agency should be in charge of nuclear weapons and security issues, rather than the DOE.[20] All but one of the 59 charges against Lee were eventually dropped because the investigation proved the plans the Chinese obtained could not have come from Lee. Lee filed suit and won a $1.6 million settlement against the federal government and news agencies.[21]

### Loan guarantee program of 2005

[edit]

In 2001, American Solar Challenge was sponsored by the DOE and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.[22] After the 2005 race, the DOE discontinued its sponsorship.[23]

Title XVII of Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorizes the DOE to issue loan guarantees to eligible projects that "avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases" and "employ new or significantly improved technologies as compared to technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued".[24] In loan guarantees, a conditional commitment requires to meet an equity commitment, as well as other conditions, before the loan guarantee is completed.[25]

In September 2008, the DOE, the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) partnered to develop and launch the World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS), an international non-governmental organization designed to provide a forum to share best practices in strengthening the security and safety of nuclear and radioactive materials and facilities.[26]

In December 2024, the Loan Programs Office announced it would extend the largest loan ever sanctioned – a $15 billion (US) low-interest loan to support the modernization of Pacific Gas & Electric’s hydroelectric power structure, enhance transmission lines critical for renewable energy integration, data center operations, and the growing fleet of electric vehicles. Initially requested as a $30 billion (US) loan, the amount was reduced due to concerns over the company’s repayment capacity.[27]

## Organization

[edit]

Organizational chart of the US Department of Energy after the February 2022 reorganization

The department announced a reorganization with new names of under secretaries in 2022.[28]

Program

Secretary of Energy | Deputy Secretary of Energy
*Associate Deputy Secretary of Energy
Assistant Secretary of Energy (International Affairs)
Assistant Secretary of Energy (Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs)
Office of the General Counsel
Office of the Chief Financial Officer
Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
Energy Information Administration
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Enterprise Assessments
Energy Policy and System Analysis
Intelligence and Counterintelligence
Public Affairs
Office of Management
Office of Project Management
Chief Human Capital Officer
Chief Information Officer
Economic Impact and Diversity
Hearings and Appeals
Assistant Secretary of Energy (Environmental Management)
*Legacy Management
Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
Under Secretary for Science and Innovation | Arctic Energy Office
Office of Critical and Emerging Technologies (CET)
Assistant Secretary of Energy (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy)
Assistant Secretary of Energy (Electricity)
Assistant Secretary of Energy (Fossil Energy and Carbon Management)
Assistant Secretary of Energy (Nuclear Energy)
Office of Science
Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security | National Nuclear Security Administration
Under Secretary for Infrastructure | National Laboratory Operations Board
Associate Under Secretary of Energy (Environment, Health, Safety and Security)
Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations
Office of Federal Energy Management Programs
Grid Deployment Office
Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response[29]
Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Loan Programs Office
Office of State and Community Energy Programs
Bonneville Power Administration
Southeastern Power Administration
Southwestern Power Administration
Western Area Power Administration

The department is under the control and supervision of a United States Secretary of Energy, a political appointee of the President of the United States. The Energy Secretary is assisted in managing the department by a United States Deputy Secretary of Energy, also appointed by the president, who assumes the duties of the secretary in the secretary's absence. The department also has three under secretaries, each appointed by the president, who oversee the major areas of the department's work. The president also appoints seven officials with the rank of Assistant Secretary of Energy who have line management responsibility for major organizational elements of the department. The Energy Secretary assigns their functions and duties.

### Symbolism in the seal

[edit]

Excerpt from the Code of Federal Regulations, in Title 10: Energy:[30]

The official seal of the Department of Energy "includes a green shield bisected by a gold-colored lightning bolt, on which is emblazoned a gold-colored symbolic sun, atom, oil derrick, windmill, and dynamo. It is crested by the white head of an eagle, atop a white rope. Both appear on a blue field surrounded by concentric circles in which the name of the agency, in gold, appears on a green background."

"The eagle represents the care in planning and the purposefulness of efforts required to respond to the Nation's increasing demands for energy. The sun, atom, oil derrick, windmill, and dynamo serve as representative technologies whose enhanced development can help meet these demands. The rope represents the cohesiveness in the development of the technologies and their link to our future capabilities. The lightning bolt represents the power of the natural forces from which energy is derived and the Nation's challenge in harnessing the forces."

"The color scheme is derived from nature, symbolizing both the source of energy and the support of man's existence. The blue field represents air and water, green represents mineral resources and the earth itself, and gold represents the creation of energy in the release of natural forces. By invoking this symbolism, the color scheme represents the Nation's commitment to meet its energy needs in a manner consistent with the preservation of the natural environment."

### Facilities

[edit]

The Department of Energy operates a system of national laboratories and technical facilities for research and development, as follows:[31]

* Ames National Laboratory
* Argonne National Laboratory
* Brookhaven National Laboratory
* Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
* Idaho National Laboratory
* Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
* Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
* Los Alamos National Laboratory
* National Energy Technology Laboratory
* National Renewable Energy Laboratory
* Oak Ridge National Laboratory
* Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
* Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
* Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)
* Savannah River National Laboratory
* DOE/SNL Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility
* SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
* Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

* Albany Research Center
* Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory – under NNSA designs/develops nuclear-powered propulsion for the U.S. Navy
* Kansas City National Security Campus
* Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory – under NNSA designs/develops nuclear-powered propulsion for the U.S. Navy
* National Petroleum Technology Office
* Nevada National Security Site
* New Brunswick Laboratory
* Office of Fossil Energy[32]
* Office of River Protection[33]
* Pantex Plant
* Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory
* Savannah River Site—separate from Savannah River National Laboratory
* Y-12 National Security Complex
* Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository

Other major DOE facilities include:[34][35]

Airstrip:

* Pahute Mesa Airstrip – Nye County, Nevada, part of Nevada National Security Site[36]

### Nuclear weapons sites

[edit]

A map that details the federal land in southern Nevada, showing Nevada Test Site

The DOE/NNSA has federal responsibility for the design, testing and production of all nuclear weapons. NNSA in turn uses contractors to carry out its responsibilities at the following government owned sites:[37]

* Research, development, and manufacturing guidance: Los Alamos National Laboratory[38] and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory[39]
* Engineering of the non-nuclear components and system integration: Sandia National Laboratories[40]
* Manufacturing of key components: The Kansas City Plant, Savannah River Site and Y-12 National Security Complex.[37]
* Testing: Nevada Test Site[37]
* Final weapon and warhead assembling and dismantling: Pantex[41]

## Related legislation

[edit]

Sign in front of the United States Department of Energy Forrestal Building on 1000 Independence Avenue in Washington D.C.

* 1920 – Federal Power Act
* 1935 – Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935
* 1946 – Atomic Energy Act PL 79-585 (created the Atomic Energy Commission) [Superseded by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954]
* 1954 – Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as Amended PL 83-703
* 1956 – Colorado River Storage Project PL 84-485
* 1957 – Atomic Energy Commission Acquisition of Property PL 85-162
* 1957 – Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act PL 85-256
* 1968 – Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act PL 90-481
* 1973 – Mineral Leasing Act Amendments (Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline Authorization) PL 93-153
* 1974 – Energy Reorganization Act PL 93-438 (Split the AEC into the Energy Research and Development Administration and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission)
* 1975 – Energy Policy and Conservation Act PL 94-163
* 1977 – Department of Energy Organization Act PL 95-91 (Dismantled ERDA and replaced it with the Department of Energy)
* 1978 – National Energy Act PL 95-617, 618, 619, 620, 621
* 1980 – Energy Security Act PL 96-294
* 1989 – Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act PL 101-60
* 1992 – Energy Policy Act of 1992 PL 102-486
* 2000 – National Nuclear Security Administration Act PL 106-65
* 2005 – Energy Policy Act of 2005 PL 109-58
* 2007 – Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 PL 110-140
* 2008 – Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 PL 110-234

## Budget

[edit]

On May 7, 2009 President Barack Obama unveiled a $26.4 billion budget request for DOE for fiscal year (FY) 2010, including $2.3 billion for the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). That budget aimed to substantially expand the use of renewable energy sources while improving energy transmission infrastructure. It also proposed significant investments[clarification needed] in hybrids and plug-in hybrids, smart grid technologies, and scientific research and innovation.[42]

As part of the $789 billion economic stimulus package in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Congress provided Energy with an additional $38.3 billion for fiscal years 2009 and 2010, adding about 75 percent to Energy's annual budgets. Most of the stimulus spending was in the form of grants and contracts.[citation needed] For fiscal year 2013, each of the operating units of the Department of Energy operated with the following budgets:[43]

Division  | Funding

|

Nuclear Security  | $11.5
Energy and Environment  | $9.5
Science  | $4.9
Management  | $0.25
Other  | $0.85
Total | $28

In March 2018, Energy Secretary Rick Perry testified to a Senate panel about the Trump administration's DOE budget request for fiscal year 2019. The budget request prioritized nuclear security while making large cuts to energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. The proposal was a $500 million increase in funds over fiscal year 2017. It "promotes innovations like a new Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER) and gains for the Office of Fossil Energy. Investments would be made to strengthen the National Nuclear Security Administration and modernize the nuclear force, as well as in weapons activities and advanced computing." However, the budget for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy would be lowered to $696 million under the plan, down from $1.3 billion in fiscal year 2017. Overall, the department's energy and related programs would be cut by $1.9 billion.[44][needs update]

## Programs and contracts

[edit]

### Energy Savings Performance Contract

[edit]

Main article: Energy Savings Performance Contract

Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) are contracts under which a contractor designs, constructs, and obtains the necessary financing for an energy savings project, and the federal agency makes payments over time to the contractor from the savings in the agency's utility bills. The contractor guarantees the energy improvements will generate savings, and after the contract ends, all continuing cost savings accrue to the federal agency.[45]

### Energy Innovation Hubs

[edit]

Energy Innovation Hubs are multi-disciplinary, meant to advance highly promising areas of energy science and technology from their early stages of research to the point that the risk level will be low enough for industry to commercialize[dubious – discuss] the technologies.[42] The Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) was the first DOE Energy Innovation Hub established in July 2010, for the purpose of providing advanced modeling and simulation (M&S) solutions for commercial nuclear reactors.[46]

The 2009 DOE budget includes $280 million to fund eight Energy Innovation Hubs, each of which is focused on a particular energy challenge. Two of the eight hubs are included in the EERE budget and will focus on integrating smart materials, designs, and systems into buildings to better conserve energy and on designing and discovering new concepts and materials needed to convert solar energy into electricity. Another two hubs, included in the DOE Office of Science budget, were created to tackle the challenges of devising advanced methods of energy storage and creating fuels directly from sunlight without the use of plants or microbes. Yet another hub was made to develop "smart" materials to allow the electrical grid to adapt and respond to changing conditions.[42]

In 2012, the DOE awarded $120 million to the Ames Laboratory to start a new EIH, the Critical Materials Institute, which will focus on improving the supply of rare earth elements.[47]

### Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy

[edit]

See also: ARPA-E

ARPA-E was officially created by the America COMPETES Act , authored by Congressman Bart Gordon,[48] within the United States Department of Energy (DOE) in 2007, though without a budget. The initial budget of about $400 million was a part of the economic stimulus bill of February 2009.[49]

### Other

[edit]

* DOE Isotope Program \- coordinates isotope production[50]
* Federal Energy Management Program
* Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation - a 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to supporting DOE research
* Fusion Energy Sciences - a program to research nuclear fusion, with a yearly budget in 2020 of $670 million, with $250 million of that going to ITER[51]
* GovEnergy \- an annual event partly sponsored by the DOE
* Grid Deployment Office - a division dedicated to spreading adoption of grid-enhancing technologies and improving transmission permitting
* National Science Bowl \- a high school and middle school science knowledge competition
* Solar Decathlon \- an international collegiate competition to design and build solar-powered houses
* State Energy Program
* Weatherization Assistance Program

## List of secretaries of energy

[edit]

Main article: United States Secretary of Energy

#  | Name  | Term  | President served

|
|
|

Start  | End
1  | James R. Schlesinger | August 6, 1977  | August 23, 1979  | Jimmy Carter
2  | Charles W. Duncan, Jr. | August 24, 1979  | January 20, 1981
3  | James B. Edwards | January 23, 1981  | November 5, 1982  | Ronald Reagan
4  | Donald Paul Hodel | November 5, 1982  | February 7, 1985
5  | John S. Herrington | February 7, 1985  | January 20, 1989
6  | James D. Watkins | March 1, 1989  | January 20, 1993  | George H. W. Bush
7  | Hazel R. O'Leary | January 22, 1993  | January 20, 1997  | Bill Clinton
8  | Federico F. Peña | March 12, 1997  | June 30, 1998
9  | Bill Richardson | August 18, 1998  | January 20, 2001
10  | Spencer Abraham | January 22, 2001  | January 31, 2005  | George W. Bush
11  | Samuel W. Bodman | February 1, 2005  | January 20, 2009
12  | Steven Chu | January 21, 2009  | April 22, 2013  | Barack Obama
13  | Ernest Moniz | May 16, 2013  | January 20, 2017
14  | Rick Perry | March 2, 2017  | December 1, 2019  | Donald Trump
15  | Dan Brouillette | December 4, 2019  | January 20, 2021
16  | Jennifer Granholm | February 25, 2021  | January 20, 2025  | Joe Biden
17  | Chris Wright | February 4, 2025  | Incumbent  | Donald Trump

## See also

[edit]

Portals:

* United States
* Energy

* Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
* National Council on Electricity Policy
* United States federal executive departments

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Department of Energy". FedScope Federal Workforce Data. United States Office of Personnel Management. Archived from the original on March 21, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
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6. ^ [citation needed]
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11. ^ "History of the Fernand Site". U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Legacy Management. Archived from the original on December 6, 2016. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
12. ^ H.R.11510 - An Act to reorganize and consolidate certain functions of the Federal Government in a new Energy Research and Development Administration and in a new Nuclear Regulatory Commission in order to promote more efficient management of such functions. www.congress.gov. October 11, 1974. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2022. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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14. ^ Smith, William D. (April 17, 1973). "Energy Crisis: Shortages Amid Plenty". The New York Times. New York. Archived from the original on August 13, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
15. ^ Welles, Chris (February 25, 1973). "The Energy Crisis". The New York Times. New York. Archived from the original on August 13, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
16. ^ Relyea, Harold; Carr, Thomas P. (2003). The Executive Branch, Creation and Reorganization. Nova Publishers. p. 29.
17. ^ Barry, John. "How to Close Down the Department of Energy". The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
18. ^ Hargrove, Erwin C. (March 1, 1999). Jimmy Carter as President: Leadership and the Politics of the Public Good. LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-2425-3. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
19. ^ Walker, J. Samuel (March 22, 2004). Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23940-1. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
20. ^ Plotz, David (June 23, 2000). "Energy Secretary Bill Richardson. He schmoozes. He loses". Slate. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved November 7, 2008.
21. ^ Mears, Bill (May 22, 2006). "Deal in Wen Ho Lee case may be imminent". CNN. Archived from the original on February 7, 2007.
22. ^ "State Energy Advisory Board resolution" (PDF). US Department of Energy. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 31, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
23. ^ "Toyota Sponsors World's Longest Solar Car Race". Toyota. July 30, 2008. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
24. ^ "Loan Guarantee Program". Department of Energy. December 31, 2006. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
25. ^ "DOE Offers $535 Million Loan Guarantee to Solyndra, Inc". Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. March 20, 2009. Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
26. ^ "Institute To Strengthen Security for Nuclear Materials". Security Today. September 30, 2008. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
27. ^ Patterson, Scott; Blunt, Katherine (December 17, 2024). "Exclusive | Biden Administration Agrees to Record $15 Billion Loan to PG&E". WSJ.
28. ^ "DOE Optimizes Structure to Implement $62 Billion in Clean Energy Investments From Bipartisan Infrastructure Law". Energy.gov. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
29. ^ "Secretary of Energy Rick Perry Forms New Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response". Department of Energy. February 14, 2018. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
30. ^ "Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10 - Energy, Part 1002 - Official Seal and Distinguishing Flag". U.S. Government Publishing Office. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
31. ^ "DOE National Laboratories". Energy.gov. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
32. ^ "Office of Fossil Energy". Department of Energy. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
33. ^ "Office of River Protection". Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
34. ^ "Locations". Energy.gov. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
35. ^ "Naval Nuclear Laboratory contract". Energy.gov. July 1, 2018. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
36. ^ FAA Airport Form 5010 for L23 PDF, effective 2007-10-25
37. ^ a b c "NMHB 2020 [Revised]". www.acq.osd.mil. Archived from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
38. ^ Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U. S. Department of. "Our Customers". www.lanl.gov. Archived from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
39. ^ "Weapons". www.llnl.gov. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
40. ^ "Sandia National Laboratories: National Security Missions: Nuclear Weapons". www.sandia.gov. Archived from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
41. ^ "About Pantex Plant". www.pantex.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
42. ^ a b c "DOE Requests $2.3 Billion for Efficiency, Renewable Energy in FY 2010". EERE News. May 13, 2009. Archived from the original on May 16, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
43. ^ "Department of Energy: FY 2014 Congressional Budget Request" (PDF). Department of Energy – Office of the Chief Financial Officer. April 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
44. ^ Galford, Chris (March 20, 2018). "Perry defends nuclear investment and cuts to renewables in $30.6 bln DOE budget proposal". Daily Energy Insider. Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
45. ^ "DOE Awards 16 Contracts for Energy Savings at Federal Facilities". EERE News. January 7, 2009. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
46. ^ Kulesza, Joel; Franceschini, Fausto; Evans, Thomas; Gehin, Jess (February 3, 2016). "Overview of the Consortium for the Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL)". EPJ Web of Conferences. 106: 03002. Bibcode:2016EPJWC.10603002K. doi:10.1051/epjconf/201610603002.
47. ^ Cooney, Michael (January 9, 2013). "US spots $120M for lab to tackle rare earth shortages". Network World. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
48. ^ Gordon, Bart (May 19, 2010). "H.R.5325 - 111th Congress (2009-2010): America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010". United States Congress. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
49. ^ Leopold, George (February 23, 2009). "Stimulus: Energy Department scrambles to build new R&D agency". EE Times. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
50. ^ "Isotope Development & Production for Research and Applications (IDPRA)". October 4, 2010. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
51. ^ Cho, Adrian (December 8, 2020). "U.S. physicists rally around ambitious plan to build fusion power plant". Science. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Cumming, Alfred (February 9, 2009). "Polygraph Use by the Department of Energy: Issues for Congress" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 28, 2014 – via Federation of American Scientists.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Department of Energy.

* Official website
* Department of Energy in the Federal Register
* Department of Energy on USAspending.gov
* Works by the United States Department of Energy at Project Gutenberg
* Works by United States Department of Energy at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
* Advanced Energy Initiative
* Twenty In Ten

* v
* t
* e

United States Department of Energy

* Headquarters: James V. Forrestal Building

* Chris Wright, Secretary of Energy
* James Danly, Deputy Secretary of Energy

Deputy Secretary of Energy|

* Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
* Energy Information Administration
* Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy

Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure|

Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response

Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security|

* National Nuclear Security Administration

Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation|

* Office of Science
* OSTI
* Office of Electricity
* Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
* Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
* Office of Nuclear Energy

Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy|

Office of Nuclear Energy

Power Marketing Administration|

* Bonneville Power Administration
* Southeastern Power Administration
* Southwestern Power Administration
* Western Area Power Administration

National Laboratory System|

* Ames
* Argonne
* NBL
* CNM
* APS
* ATLAS
* EMC
* Berkeley
* ALS
* MF
* NCEM
* NERSC
* ESN
* JGI
* Brookhaven
* AGS
* CFN
* NSLS
* NSLS II
* RHIC
* Fermilab
* TeV
* Idaho
* RESL
* JLab
* Livermore
* NARAC
* NIF
* Los Alamos
* DARHTF
* NETL
* Albany
* NREL
* Oak Ridge
* SNS
* CNMS
* HFIR
* NCCS
* Pacific Northwest
* EMSL
* PPPL
* NSTX
* TFTR
* SRNL
* Sandia
* Z
* SLAC
* SSRL

Energy Department Facilities and Reservations|

* Fernald NLO
* Hanford
* K-25
* Kansas City Plant
* Nevada Test Site
* Area 19
* Area 20
* NHHOR
* Pantex
* Rocky Flats
* SSFL
* ETEC
* SRE
* SRS
* SPR
* WIPP
* Y-12
* Yucca Mountain

Related Independent Agency|

* Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Energy in the United States

Politics and law|

* Energy independence
* Energy law
* New York
* Energy policy
* Energy Policy Act (1992)
* Energy Policy Act (2005)
* Energy subsidies
* Federal Power Act
* Fossil fuels lobby
* Hydropower policy
* Nuclear energy policy
* Wind energy policy
* Offshore drilling debate
* Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act
* Renewable portfolio standard
* Secretary of Energy
* Smart grid policy

Energy by state
or territory|

* Alaska
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Florida
* Georgia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Louisiana
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Missouri
* Nevada
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Puerto Rico
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Vermont
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Sources|

| Material|

* Biofuel
* Coal
* Geothermal
* Hydroelectric
* Nuclear
* Petroleum
* Renewable

|

Solar by
state|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* Washington, D.C.
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Wind by
state|

* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Environmental issues|

* CAFE standards
* Greenhouse gas emissions
* State and territory CO2 emissions
* Vehicle emission standards

Governmental agencies|

* CARB
* DOE
* EERE
* EIA
* NREL
* OE
* EPA
* FERC
* NRC
* PMAs
* BPA
* SEPA
* SWPA
* WAPA
* TVA
* USGS

Organizations|

* ACORE
* API
* APPA
* ASES
* AWEA
* BTEC
* EBI
* EEI
* EESI
* EPRI
* NEI
* NRECA
* PFI
* PIA
* RMI

* Energy portal

* v
* t
* e

Federal executive departments of the United States of America

Current|

* Agriculture
* Commerce
* Defense
* Education
* Energy
* Health and Human Services
* Homeland Security
* Housing and Urban Development
* Interior
* Justice
* Labor
* State
* Transportation
* Treasury
* Veterans Affairs

Former|

* Air Force
* Army
* Commerce and Labor
* Health, Education, and Welfare
* Navy
* Post Office
* War

* v
* t
* e

Public utilities commissions in the United States

United States|

* Federal
* DOE
* FERC
* FCC
* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* District of Columbia
* PUC
* WMATC
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* DPU
* DTC
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* PUC
* RRC
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming
* American Samoa
* Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas
* Guam
* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

* v
* t
* e

Jimmy Carter

* 39th President of the United States (1977–1981)
* 76th Governor of Georgia (1971–1975)
* Georgia State Senator (1963–1967)

Presidency
(timeline)|

* Transition
* Inauguration
* Timeline
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979
* 1980
* January 1981
* Political positions
* Judicial appointments
* controversies
* Executive Actions
* Executive Order 11967
* Executive Order 12036
* Executive Order 12086
* Executive Order 12148
* Executive Order 12170
* Executive Order 12172
* Carter bonds
* Rabbit incident
* Catoctin Mountain Park Run
* Carter Doctrine
* Camp David Accords
* Egypt–Israel peace treaty
* Torrijos–Carter Treaties
* Iran hostage crisis
* Operation Eagle Claw
* Canadian Caper
* Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
* 1979 oil crisis
* Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War
* Diplomatic relations with China
* Goldwater v. Carter
* Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
* Senior Executive Service
* Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
* International trips
* 1980 Summer Olympics boycott
* Cannabis policy
* Community Reinvestment Act
* Airline Deregulation Act
* Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977
* Clean Water Act of 1977
* Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act
* Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977
* Electronic Fund Transfer Act
* Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
* Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978
* Right to Financial Privacy Act
* Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act
* Superfund
* Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
* Solar power at the White House
* Three Mile Island accident
* Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan

Speeches|

* Moral Equivalent of War
* Island of Stability
* A Crisis of Confidence
* State of the Union Addresses
* 1978
* 1979
* 1980
* 1981

Elections|

* Georgia gubernatorial elections
* 1966
* 1970
* Presidential campaigns
* 1976
* 1980
* Democratic Party presidential primaries
* 1976
* 1980
* Democratic National Conventions
* 1972
* 1976
* 1980
* Presidential debates
* 1976
* 1980
* Presidential elections
* 1976
* 1980

Post-presidency|

* Carter Center
* Presidential Library and Museum
* Habitat for Humanity
* Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project
* The Elders
* Jimmy Carter National Historical Park
* Jimmy Carter House
* Nairobi Agreement, 1999
* One America Appeal
* Continuity of Government Commission
* Death and state funeral

Books|

* Everything to Gain (1987)
* The Hornet's Nest (2003)
* Our Endangered Values (2006)
* Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid (2006)
* reaction and commentary
* Beyond the White House (2007)
* We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land (2009)
* White House Diary (2010)
* A Call to Action (2014)
* A Full Life (2015)

Awards
and honors|

* Nobel Peace Prize
* Presidential Medal of Freedom
* Freedom of the City
* Silver Buffalo Award
* Philadelphia Liberty Medal
* United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
* Hoover Medal
* Christopher Award
* Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize
* Grammy Award

Legacy|

* Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue (1976)
* USS Jimmy Carter
* Jimmy Carter National Historical Park (1987)
* Georgia State Capitol statue (1994)

Related|

* Plains, Georgia
* Birthplace
* Home
* Mary Prince (nanny)
* UFO incident
* Jimmy Carter (2002 television documentary)
* Man from Plains (2007 documentary)
* Eradication of dracunculiasis
* "Mush from the Wimp"

Family|

* Rosalynn Carter (wife)
* Jack Carter (son)
* Amy Carter (daughter)
* Jason Carter (grandson)
* James Earl Carter Sr. (father)
* Lillian Gordy Carter (mother)
* Gloria Carter Spann (sister)
* Ruth Carter Stapleton (sister)
* Billy Carter (brother)
* Emily Dolvin (aunt)
* Hugh Carter (cousin)

* ← Gerald Ford
* Ronald Reagan →

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Deep geological repositories

Laboratories|

* Underground Research Laboratory
* Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory
* Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory

Disposal facilities|

* Deep Geologic Repository (cancelled)
* Onkalo
* Cigéo
* Asse II mine
* Gorleben salt dome
* Konrad mine
* Morsleben
* Wolseong
* WIPP
* Yucca Mountain

Organisations|

* NWMO
* Posiva
* Andra
* Nirex
* DBE
* BGE
* SKB
* USDOE

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* 2
* VIAF
* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Australia
* Czech Republic
* Portugal
* 2
* Norway
* Korea
* Sweden
* Poland
* Israel
* Catalonia

Academics|

* CiNii

Artists|

* ULAN

People|

* Trove

Other|

* IdRef
* NARA
* SNAC
* Yale LUX

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