United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs

Standing committee of the United States Senate

Senate Indian Affairs CommitteePermanent select committee

Active

United States Senate
119th Congress
History
Formed| February 11, 1977
Leadership
Chair| Lisa Murkowski (R)
Since January 3, 2025
Vice chair| Brian Schatz (D)
Since January 3, 2025
Structure
Seats| 11 members
Political parties| Majority (6)

*   Republican (6)

Minority  (5)

*   Democratic (5)

Website
www.indian.senate.gov

The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs is a committee of the United States Senate charged with oversight in matters related to the American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native peoples. A Committee on Indian Affairs existed from 1820 to 1947, after which it was folded into the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. A new Native Affairs Committee was created in 1977, initially as a select committee, as a result of the detachment of indigenous affairs from the new Committee on Energy and National Resources, which had succeeded the old Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. The committee was initially intended to be temporary, but was made permanent in 1984. The committee tends to include senators from Western and Plains states, who have more Native American constituents.

## History

[edit]

### Summary

[edit]

In 1977,[1] the Senate approved S.Res. 4 which re-established the Committee on Indian Affairs as a temporary select committee.[2] The Select Committee was to disband at the close of the 95th Congress, but following several interim extensions, the Senate voted to make the Committee permanent on June 6, 1984. The committee has jurisdiction to study the unique problems of American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native peoples and to propose legislation to alleviate these difficulties. These issues include, but are not limited to, Native education, economic development, land management, trust responsibilities, health care, and claims against the United States. Additionally, all legislation proposed by Members of the Senate that specifically pertains to American Indians, Native Hawaiians, or Alaska Natives is under the jurisdiction of the committee.

### Early era

[edit]

Until 1946, when the Legislative Reorganization Act abolished both the House and Senate Committees on Indian Affairs, the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs had been in existence since the early 19th century. After 1946, Native affairs legislative and oversight jurisdiction was vested in subcommittees of the Interior and Insular Affairs Committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate. While this subcommittee arrangement may not have specifically reflected a diminishment of the consideration given Native affairs by the Congress, the revised arrangement historically coincided with a 20-year hiatus in Native affairs known as the "Termination Era" – a period in which the prevailing policy of the United States was to terminate the Federal relationship with Native tribes or transfer jurisdiction over tribal lands to the states.

By the mid-1960s, this Termination philosophy was in decline as a failed policy and the Congress began to include Native tribes in legislation designed to rebuild the social infrastructure of the Nation and provide economic opportunities for economically depressed areas. In the early 1970s the Termination era was decisively ended with the enactment of the Menominee Restoration Act of 1973. Although a number of important legislative initiatives affecting Natives were enacted in the early 1970s, it became clear that the existing subcommittee structure was not providing an adequate forum for legislating appropriate solutions to problems confronting Native country. Legislative jurisdiction over Native affairs was fragmented among a number of committees. Overall, more than 10 committees in the Congress were responsible for Indian affairs, a situation which resulted in a sometimes disjointed treatment of Native affairs and in an often haphazard development of Federal Native policy.

### Re-establishment of committee

[edit]

In 1973, Senator James Abourezk introduced Senate Joint Resolution 133 to establish a Federal commission to review all aspects of policy, law, and administration relating to affairs of the United States with American Native tribes and people. The Senate and the House of Representatives both adopted S.J. Res. 133 and on January 2, 1975, the Resolution was signed into law by the President, thus establishing the American Indian Policy Review Commission.[3] As the work of this Commission progressed, it became readily apparent that a full Senate committee with full legislative and oversight authority was needed to receive the report of the American Indian Policy Review Commission and to act upon its recommendations. Indeed, one of the final recommendations of the Commission was that a full-fledged Native Affairs Committee be established in the Senate.

At the same time the Commission was formulating its recommendation for the establishment of a Native Affairs Committee, the Senate was developing a far-reaching proposal for reorganization of the entire Senate committee system. Under this proposal, the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs under the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs was to be abolished with its natural resource functions to be distributed among other newly formed Senate committees and its human resources functions to be transferred to the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources. In view of the pending report of the American Indian Policy Review Commission and its anticipated recommendations, however, the Senate revamped its committee reorganization proposal to include the establishment of a temporary select committee to receive the Commission's report and to act on its recommendations. Thus, there was included within S.Res. 4 of February 4, 1977, the Committee System Reorganization Amendments of 1977, a provision to establish a Select Committee on Native Affairs with full jurisdiction over all proposed legislation and other matters relating to Native affairs. With the commencement of the 96th Congress, the Select Committee on Indian Affairs was to expire and jurisdiction over Native matters was to be transferred to the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

As the Select Committee on Indian Affairs grappled with the report of the American Indian Policy Review Commission and the many other Native issues that were presented to it during the 95th Congress, it became increasingly evident that if the Congress was to continue to meet its constitutional, legal, and historical responsibilities in the area of Native affairs, an ongoing legislative committee with adequate expertise and resources should be re-established in the Senate.

S.Res. 405, to make the Select Committee on Indian Affairs a permanent committee of the Senate, was introduced by Senator Abourezk on February 22, 1978. The measure was amended by the Rules Committee to extend the life of the committee for two years until January 2, 1981, and was agreed to by the Senate on October 14, 1978. In the 96th Congress, Senator John Melcher, who at the time was chair of the Select Committee, introduced S.Res. 448 to make it a permanent committee. The Resolution had 28 cosponsors, and was reported by the Rules Committee with an amendment to extend the select committee to January 2, 1984, and to expand the membership to seven members commencing in the 97th Congress. S. Res. 448 was adopted by the Senate on December 11, 1980.

### Permanent committee

[edit]

On April 28, 1983, Senator Mark Andrews, Chair of the Select Committee on Indian Affairs in the 98th Congress, introduced S.Res. 127 to make the committee a permanent committee. This Resolution had 28 cosponsors. On November 1, 1983, the Committee on Rules and Administration voted unanimously to report the Resolution without amendment, and the Resolution was so reported on November 2, 1983 (S. Rept. 98–294). On November 18, the last day of the first session of the 98th Congress, the Senate agreed to an extension of the select committee to July 1, 1984, in order to allow time for later debate. By the time the Resolution was brought to the floor for consideration there were 60 cosponsors. On June 4, 1984, the Select Committee on Indian Affairs was made a permanent committee of the Senate.[4] In 1993, the Select Committee on Indian Affairs was redesignated as the Committee on Indian Affairs.[5]

## Members, 119th Congress

[edit]

Main article: 119th United States Congress

Majority[6] | Minority[7]

|

* Lisa Murkowski, Alaska, Chair
* John Hoeven, North Dakota
* Steve Daines, Montana
* Markwayne Mullin, Oklahoma
* Mike Rounds, South Dakota
* Jerry Moran, Kansas

* Brian Schatz, Hawaii, Vice Chair
* Maria Cantwell, Washington
* Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
* Tina Smith, Minnesota
* Ben Ray Luján, New Mexico

## Historical committee membership

[edit]

### 118th Congress

[edit]

Main article: 118th United States Congress

Majority[8] | Minority[9]

|

* Brian Schatz, Hawaii, Chair
* Maria Cantwell, Washington
* Jon Tester, Montana
* Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
* Tina Smith, Minnesota
* Ben Ray Luján, New Mexico

* Lisa Murkowski, Alaska, Vice Chair
* John Hoeven, North Dakota
* Steve Daines, Montana
* Markwayne Mullin, Oklahoma
* Mike Rounds, South Dakota

### 117th Congress

[edit]

Main article: 117th United States Congress

Majority  | Minority

|

* Brian Schatz, Hawaii, Chair
* Maria Cantwell, Washington
* Jon Tester, Montana
* Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
* Tina Smith, Minnesota
* Ben Ray Luján, New Mexico

* Lisa Murkowski, Alaska, Vice Chair
* John Hoeven, North Dakota
* James Lankford, Oklahoma
* Steve Daines, Montana
* Mike Rounds, South Dakota
* Jerry Moran, Kansas

### 116th Congress

[edit]

Main article: 116th United States Congress

Majority  | Minority

|

* John Hoeven, North Dakota, Chair
* John Barrasso, Wyoming
* Lisa Murkowski, Alaska
* James Lankford, Oklahoma
* Steve Daines, Montana
* Jerry Moran, Kansas
* Martha McSally, Arizona (until December 2, 2020)

* Tom Udall, New Mexico, Vice Chair
* Maria Cantwell, Washington
* Jon Tester, Montana
* Brian Schatz, Hawaii
* Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
* Tina Smith, Minnesota

### 115th Congress

[edit]

Main article: 115th United States Congress

Majority  | Minority

|

* John Hoeven, North Dakota, Chair
* John Barrasso, Wyoming
* Lisa Murkowski, Alaska
* James Lankford, Oklahoma
* Steve Daines, Montana
* Mike Crapo, Idaho
* Jon Kyl, Arizona
* Jerry Moran, Kansas

* Tom Udall, New Mexico, Vice Chair
* Maria Cantwell, Washington
* Jon Tester, Montana
* Brian Schatz, Hawaii
* Heidi Heitkamp, North Dakota
* Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada
* Tina Smith, Minnesota

Source [10]

## Chairs

[edit]

### Chairs of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, 1820–1947

[edit]

* David Holmes (R-MS) 1820–1821
* Henry Johnson (R-LA) 1821–1823
* Thomas Hart Benton (R/D-MO) 1823–1828
* Hugh Lawson White (D-TN) 1828–1832
* George M. Troup (D-GA) 1832–1833
* Hugh Lawson White (W-TN) 1833–1840
* Ambrose Sevier (D-AR) 1840–1841
* James T. Morehead (W-KY) 1841–1842
* Albert White (W-IN) 1842–1845
* Ambrose Sevier (D-AR) 1845–1846
* Arthur Bagby (D-AL) 1846–1847
* David R. Atchison (D-MO) 1847–1853
* William K. Sebastian (D-AR) 1853–1861
* James Rood Doolittle (R-WI) 1861–1867
* John B. Henderson (R-MO) 1867–1869
* James Harlan (R-IA) 1869–1873
* William Alfred Buckingham (R-CT) 1873–1875
* William B. Allison (R-IA) 1875–1879
* Richard Coke (D-TX) 1879–1881
* Henry Dawes (R-MA) 1881–1893
* James K. Jones (D-AR) 1893–1895
* Richard Pettigrew (R-SD) 1895–1899
* John M. Thurston (R-NE) 1899–1901
* William Stewart (R-NV) 1901–1905
* Moses E. Clapp (R-MN) 1905–1911
* Robert J. Gamble (R-SD) 1911–1913
* William J. Stone (D-MO) 1913–1914
* Henry F. Ashurst (D-AZ) 1914–1919
* Charles Curtis (R-KS) 1919–1921
* Selden P. Spencer (R-MO) 1921–1923
* John W. Harreld (R-OK) 1923–1927
* Lynn J. Frazier (R-ND) 1927–1933
* Burton K. Wheeler (D-MT) 1933–1936
* Elmer Thomas (D-OK) 1936–1945
* Joseph O'Mahoney (D-WY) 1945–1947

from 1947 to 1977, Indian Affairs were the responsibility of the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, which was superseded by the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources in 1977.

### Chairs of the Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs, 1977–1993

[edit]

* James Abourezk (D-SD) 1977–1979
* John Melcher (D-MT) 1979–1981
* William S. Cohen (R-ME) 1981–1983
* Mark Andrews (R-ND) 1983–1987
* Daniel Inouye (D-HI) 1987–1993

### Chairs of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, 1993–present

[edit]

* Daniel Inouye (D-HI) 1993–1995
* John McCain (R-AZ) 1995–1997
* Ben Nighthorse Campbell (R-CO) 1997–2001
* Daniel Inouye (D-HI) 2001
* Ben Nighthorse Campbell (R-CO) 2001
* Daniel Inouye (D-HI) 2001–2003
* Ben Nighthorse Campbell (R-CO) 2003–2005
* John McCain (R-AZ) 2005–2007
* Byron Dorgan (D-ND) 2007–2011
* Daniel Akaka (D-HI) 2011–2013
* Maria Cantwell (D-WA) 2013–2014
* Jon Tester (D-MT) 2014–2015
* John Barrasso (R-WY) 2015–2017
* John Hoeven (R-ND) 2017–2021
* Brian Schatz (D-HI) 2021–2025
* Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) 2025–present

## Vice chairs

[edit]

The committee refers to its ranking minority member as vice chair, which have included the below since the 104th Congress.[11]

* Daniel Inouye (D-HI) 1997–2001
* Ben Nighthorse Campbell (R-CO) 2001–2003
* Daniel Inouye (D-HI) 2003–2005
* Byron Dorgan (D-ND) 2005–2007
* Craig Thomas (R-WY) 2007
* Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) 2007–2009
* John Barrasso (R-WY) 2009–2015
* Jon Tester (D-MT) 2015–2017
* Tom Udall (D-NM) 2017–2021
* Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) 2021–2025
* Brian Schatz (D-HI) 2025–present

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Adlai, Stevenson (February 4, 1977). "S.Res.4 - 95th Congress (1977-1978): Committee System Reorganization Amendments". www.congress.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
2. ^ § 105, S.Res. 4, 95th Congress, 1st session
3. ^ Pub. L. 93–580
4. ^ S.Res. 127, 98th Congress, 2nd session
5. ^ § 25, S.Res. 71, 103rd Congress, 1st session
6. ^ S.Res. 16 (119th Congress)
7. ^ S.Res. 17 (119th Congress)
8. ^ S.Res. 30 (118th Congress)
9. ^ S.Res. 31 (118th Congress)
10. ^ "U.S. Senate: Committee on Indian Affairs". www.senate.gov. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
11. ^ https://www.indian.senate.gov/about/#history

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Current United States congressional committees

Senate (list)|

| Standing|

* Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
* Appropriations
* Armed Services
* Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
* Budget
* Commerce, Science, and Transportation
* Energy and Natural Resources
* Environment and Public Works
* Finance
* Foreign Relations
* Health, Education, Labor and Pensions
* Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
* Judiciary
* Rules and Administration
* Small Business and Entrepreneurship
* Veterans' Affairs

|

Other|

* Aging (special)
* Ethics (select)
* Indian Affairs (permanent select)
* Intelligence (select)
* International Narcotics Control (permanent caucus)

House (list)|

| Standing|

* Agriculture
* Appropriations
* Armed Services
* Budget
* Education and Workforce
* Energy and Commerce
* Ethics
* Financial Services
* Foreign Affairs
* Homeland Security
* House Administration
* Judiciary
* Natural Resources
* Oversight and Government Reform
* Rules
* Science, Space, and Technology
* Small Business
* Transportation and Infrastructure
* Veterans' Affairs
* Ways and Means
* (Whole)

|

Other|

* Intelligence (permanent select)
* Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party (select)

Joint (list)|

* (Conference)
* Economic
* Inaugural Ceremonies (special)
* Library
* Printing
* Taxation

Commission
assignments|

| Joint|

* Capitol Historical Society (advisory group)
* China
* COVID-19 Oversight
* Cyberspace Solarium
* Security and Cooperation in Europe

|

House|

* Democracy Partnership
* Human Rights

Related|

* Congressional subcommittees
* Defunct committees
* Select or special committees

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* United States
* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

*[Pub. L.]: Public Law
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template