Unmanned aircraft system traffic management

Unmanned aircraft system traffic management (UTM) is an air traffic management ecosystem under development for autonomously controlled operations of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) by the FAA, NASA, other federal partner agencies, and industry. They are collaboratively exploring concepts of operation, data exchange requirements, and a supporting framework to enable multiple UAS operations beyond visual line-of-sight at altitudes under 400 ft above ground level in airspace where FAA air traffic services are not provided.

A scheme of UAS Traffic Management system [1]

UTM is separate from but complementary to the FAA's Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. UTM development will ultimately identify services, roles/responsibilities, information architecture, data exchange protocols, software functions, infrastructure, and performance requirements for enabling the management of low-altitude uncontrolled UAS operations.[2]

A Research Transition Team (RTT) has been established between the FAA, NASA and industry to coordinate the UTM initiative. Areas of focus include concept and use case development, data exchange and information architecture, communications and navigation, and sense and avoid. Research and testing will identify airspace operations requirements to enable safe visual and beyond visual line-of-sight UAS flights in low-altitude airspace. FAA published a UAS Traffic Management Research Plan in 2017.[3]

On July 18, 2023, the FAA released its Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Implementation Plan, which provides the steps it, and others, will need to take to safely enable AAM operations as part of UTM. [4]

## Main functions of UTM

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The main functions of UTM include:[1]

* Strategically organizing the airspace
* Ensuring the cooperation of unmanned and manned aviation through a link to ATM
* Ensuring collision-free navigation of multiple UAVs [5]
* Ensuring transparency of drone operations to citizens
* Controlling air traffic through flight permissions
* Dynamically adapting drone operations based on circumstances (e.g., weather conditions, available telecommunication capabilities).

## Operation Zenith

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Main article: Operation Zenith

On November 21, 2018, a total of 13 independent organisations took part in an event at Manchester Airport coordinated by UTM Service Provider Altitude Angel and Air Navigation Service Provider for the United Kingdom, NATS, which demonstrated the safe integration of unmanned traffic into controlled airspace.

It is regarded as one of the first live-demonstrations of its kind[6][7] and was considered to be the "most technically complex and comprehensive demonstration in the world so far of a UTM system".[8]

## U-space

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The SESAR Joint Undertaking, which is a public-private partnership supported and funded by the European Union, Eurocontrol and a number of industry partners, has defined the U-Space Blueprint.[9] U-space is a set of new services relying on a high level of digitalisation and automation of functions and specific procedures designed to support safe, efficient and secure access to airspace for large numbers of drones. The EU regulations now requires implementation of a UTM system in order to support U-space by 26/1-2023.

## References

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1. ^ a b Vinogradov, Evgenii; Minucci, Franco; Pollin, Sofie (2020). "Wireless Communication for Safe UAVs: From Long-Range Deconfliction to Short-Range Collision Avoidance". IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine. 15 (2): 88–95\. arXiv:1910.13744. Bibcode:2020IVTM...15b..88V. doi:10.1109/MVT.2020.2980014.
2. ^ Baum, Michael S. (2021). Unmanned aircraft systems traffic management : utm. [S.l.]: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-000-37951-8. OCLC 1258660339.
3. ^ UAS Traffic Management Research Plan
4. ^ Host, Pat (1 July 2023). "Industry Clamors for UAS Traffic Management Regulatory Framework". Avionics International. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
5. ^ Vinogradov, Evgenii; Kumar, A. V. S. Sai Bhargav; Minucci, Franco; Pollin, Sofie; Natalizio, Enrico (2023). "Remote ID for separation provision and multi-agent navigation". 2023 IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). pp. 1–10\. arXiv:2309.00843. doi:10.1109/DASC58513.2023.10311133. ISBN 979-8-3503-3357-2.
6. ^ Press (2018-11-23). "Aviation partnership takes to the skies in UK-first to fly drones safely in controlled airspace". sUAS News - The Business of Drones. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
7. ^ Wright, Mike (2019-10-05). "'Drone lanes' and new air controls needed to manage growing number of devices, report says". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
8. ^ Butterworth-Hayes, Philip (2018-11-22). "Operation Zenith provides landmark demonstration of UTM technology capabilities". Unmanned airspace. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
9. ^ U-space blueprint