Unrecognized ethnic groups in China

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Unrecognized ethnic groups in China" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

A number of ethnic groups of the People's Republic of China are not officially recognized.[1] Taken together, these groups (simplified Chinese: 未识别民族; traditional Chinese: 未識別民族; pinyin: wèi shíbié mínzú) would constitute the twentieth most populous ethnic group of China. Some scholars have estimated that there are over 200 distinct ethnic groups that inhabit China,[1] compared to 56 groups that are officially recognized. There are in addition small distinct ethnic groups that have been classified as part of larger ethnic groups that are officially recognized. Some groups, like the Hui of Xinjiang with the Hui of Fujian, are geographically and culturally separate, except for the shared belief of Islam. Han Chinese, being the world's largest ethnic group, has a large diversity within it, such as in Gansu, whose Han individuals may have genetic traits from the assimilated Tangut civilization.[citation needed] Although they are indigenous to Hainan island and do not speak a Chinese language, the Lingao (Ong-Be) people near the capital (8% of the population) are counted as Han Chinese.[citation needed]

## List of ethnic groups

[edit]

English Name
| Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese
| Mandarin Pinyin
| Population | Classified in census as ..... | Territory | Details

|
|
|
|
|
|

Bunu | 布努人 | Bùnǔrén | 700,000 | Yao | Guangxi | [2]
Chuanqing | 穿青人 | Chuānqīngrén | 670,000 | Han | Liupanshui/Zhijin County, Bijie Prefecture, Guizhou | The Chuanqings view themselves as a distinct group of people despite being descendants of Han Chinese military servicemen. Most of them live in Anshun area of Guizhou province. Other locals call the Chuanqings "Da Jiao Ban" (Big Foot) or "Da Xiuzi" (Big Sleeves). Uniquely, they worship a god called Wuxian (五显).
Lingao | 临高人
臨高人 | Língāorén | 500,000 [3][full citation needed] | Han or Zhuang | Hainan[4][full citation needed] | Speakers of the Be languages. Some have chosen to register as Zhuang, while the majority of them registered as Han.[5][6][full citation needed]
Waxiang | 瓦乡人
瓦鄉人 | Wǎxiāngrén | 400,000[7] | Han | Yuanling County, Yongding, Yongshun County of Hunan | Many of the Waxiang people are designated as Miao, while some are designated as Tujia or Han.
Torghut | 土尔扈特人
土爾扈特人 | Tǔěrhùtèrén | 150,000[8][unreliable source?] | Mongols | Xinjiang[9][full citation needed] |
Gyalrong | 嘉绒人
嘉絨人 | Jiāróngrén | 120,000 | Tibetan | Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan | Speakers of the Gyalrong language related to Qiang.
Limin | 里民人 | Lǐmínrén | 100,000 | Li | Anshun/Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou | Part of the Chuanqing people. Not related to the Li people of Hainan.
Gejia | 𱎼家人 | Géjiārén | 50,000 | Miao | Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou |
Äynu | 艾努人 | Àinǔrén | 50,000 | Uyghur | Moyu/Hetian/Luopu/Shache/Shule/Yingjisha Counties, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang | Ethnically and linguistically distinct, speak Äynu language (Siberian Turkic subfamily) and adhere Shia Islam (Alevism). Not related to the Ainu people of Hokkaido and Sakhalin.
Caijia | 蔡家人 | Càijiārén | 40,000 | Han or Bai | Guizhou | Caijia people's language is said to be a relative of the Bai language.
Muxi | 木佬人 | Mùlǎorén | 30,000 | Yi | Majiang/Kaili/Huangping (Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture), Duyun/Fuquan (Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture), Guizhou and Chun'an County, Zhejiang | Their language Muyu belongs to the Kra language group, close to the proverb, but due to similarities to the Gelao they are being classified into the Yi.
Mojia | 莫家人 | Mòjiārén | 20,000 | Bouyei[10] | Libo County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou | They speak the Mak language (Kam-Sui).
Baima | 白马人
白馬人 | Báimǎrén | 15,000 | Tibetan | Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan and Wen County, Gansu | The Baima people are said to be the descendants of Di (氐) people.
Utsul | 回辉人
回輝人 | Huíhuīrén | 8,500 | Hui | Hainan | The Utsuls are thought to be descendants of Cham refugees who fled their homeland of Champa in Vietnam.
Khmu | 克木人 | Kèmùrén | 7,000 | Bulang | Xishuangbanna, Yunnan |
Guge | 古格人 | Gǔgérén | 5,000 | Hui (Qinghai), Tibetan (Yunnan) | Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai, Deqen/Weixi Counties, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan and Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region | It is distributed in Hualong Hui Autonomous County of Qinghai Province, Shangri-La, Deqin, Weixi County, and Lhasa City of Tibet Autonomous Region in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. The Guge people are culturally coordinated and adapted to be compatible with and preserve multi-ethnic culture. Suddenly retain the characteristics of the Hui culture, forming a unique nation.
Akha | 阿卡人 | Ākǎrén | 6,000 | Hani | Jinghong/Jinghan/Qilong town (Jinghong County), Bulangshan town (Menghai County) and Qilun town (Mengla County), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The Akha claimed to be "over gram", and Akha was the name of the Yi people (meaning "slaves").
Bisu | 毕苏人
畢蘇人 | Bìsūrén | 6,000 | Some are classified as Lahu while those who live in Menghai County are counted as "undistinguished nationalities" | Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan |
Lemo | 勒墨人 | Lēimòrén | 7,000 | Bai and Lisu | Lushui County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | They are results of intermarriage between Tai Mao (Dehong Dai/Shan) and Lisu peoples.
Altaians | 阿尔泰人
阿爾泰人 | Ā'ěrtàirén | several thousand | Mongolian |

Altay Prefecture of Xinjiang[11]

Yamato | 大和人 | Dàhérén | 4000 (in total)[a] | Han | Across Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning | Leftovers of Japanese settlers that remained in China after the Second Sino-Japanese War, primarily women and orphaned children.[12] Many declare themselves as Han in Chinese censuses due to having mostly assimilated into Chinese society.
Ryukyu | 琉球人 | Liúqiúrén  | Han or sometimes Gaoshan  | Across Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning
Tuvans | 图瓦人
圖瓦人 | Túwǎrén | 3,900 | Mongolian | Far north of Xinjiang[13][14] | Only around 2,000 Tuvan speakers left.
Bugan | 布赓人
布賡人 | Bùgēngrén | 2,700 | Yi | Southern Guangnan (广南) and northern Xichou (西畴), Yunnan | Speakers of the Bugan language.
Pakan | 布赓人
布賡人 | Bùgēngrén | 2,000 | Yi | Wennan, Xiqiao. Wenshan, Yunnan |
Buyang | 布央人 | Bùyāngrén | 2,000 | Yao, Zhuang | Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan and Napo County, Guangxi | They are closely related to the Laha, Qabiao, Gelao, and Lachi.
Deng | 僜人 | Chēngrén | 2,000 | May be classified as Tibetan | Zayu County, Linzhi (Nyingchi), Tibet Autonomous Region | They speak various Mishmi languages (including Kaman/Miju and Idu Mishmi language).
Bolyu | 巴琉人 | Bāliúrén | 1,800 |  | Longlin County, Guangxi | Also known as Lai.
Kunge | 昆格人 | Kūngérén | 1,656 (338 households) | Blang | Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The custom of the Kunge is different from that of the general Blang. The unique special day has the Dragon and the Dragon Festival. The Dragon Column is an iron festival. The time is in the solar calendar in February. During the festival, you must kill the cows, burn the bonfire, and worship the ancestors.
Bajia | 八甲人 | Bājiǎrén | 1,500 | Blang and Yi | Yu'a/Yucha Township, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | Distributed in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Those who mixed with Blang are being classified as Blang peoples while those who unmixed are being classified as Yi peoples (this happened on 2011 after approval by Chinese National Civil Affairs Commission and the Yunnan Provincial Government).
Fuyu Kyrgyz | 富裕柯克孜人
富裕柯克孜人 | Fùyù Kēkèzīrén | 1,400 | Kyrgyz | Fuyu County, Heilongjiang | Ethnically and linguistically distinct from Kyrgyz, closely related to the ancient Yenisei Kyrgyz and modern Khakas in Siberia.
Keriya | 克里雅人 | Kèlǐyǎrén | 1,300 | Uyghur | Yutian/Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang | The Keriya people are said to be descendants of the Tibet Aliguge dynasty. Another group are said to be desert indigenous people living there. The natural environment determines the lifestyle of the Keriya people in the deep Taklimakan Desert. It still retains the simple and pure folk customs. Culture and a more primitive way of life. Most of them lived together for generations. The elderly at home are the most respected elders. The tribes rarely marry outsiders. They are called "the primitive tribes in the desert".
Manmi | 曼咪人 | Mànmīrén | 1,000 | Blang | Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | Manmi people have their own language, Man Met which belongs to the Mon-Khmer (Austroasiatic) language group, and the Manmi people's housing, costumes, religious beliefs, and festivals are similar to the Yi people, but the ethnic group is classified as the Blang ethnic group. Now, Manmi people hope to be counted as an independent nation.
Kaifeng Jews | 开封犹太人
開封猶太人 | Kāifēng Yóutàizú  | 600 – 1,000[15] | Hui or Han  | Kaifeng, Henan  | Descendants of Jewish silk road traders.
Kangjia | 康家人 | Kāngjiārén | 500–600 | Hui | Jainca (Jianzha) County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai | The Kangjia people have their own language, Kangjia language. It belongs to the Mongolian language group. The lifestyle is mixed with the Hui and Tu nationalities. Therefore, the Kangjia peoples now consider themselves to be an independent nationality, different from the surrounding people.
Mang | 莽人 | Mǎngrén | 568 | Blang | Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan |
Tomao | 托茂人 | Tuōmàorén | 500 | Hui | Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang and Zhidoi County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai | Muslim minority distributed in Qinghai and Xinjiang,[16][full citation needed] with its own unique customs, using Tomo language (a Mongolian mixed Arabic and Persian vocabulary).
Qabiao | 布标人
布標人 | Bùbiāozrén | 302 | Yi | Malipo County, Yunnan | Also known in Vietnam as the Pu Peo (普標).
Laopin | 老品人 | Lǎopǐnrén | 233 (in 52 households) | May be classified as Dai | Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The Lao Ping ethnics call themselves "old products", also known as "card products". Old people retain their own language, such as eating for "Tangza", housing for "crowding", and fluent slang. The old-fashioned housing is a Chinese-style bungalow. A unique original religion, with temples and godless statues, is held every year in the whole village.
Laomian | 老缅人
老緬人 | Lǎomiǎnrén | 233 (in 52 households) | Lahu | Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The Laomian has nothing to do with the Burmese. The Laomian people is a cross-border ethnic group distributed in the border areas of China, Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos. In China, Laojia Dazhai in Zhutang Township of Mula County and Miaohai Village in Menghai County of Mianhai County are the main settlements.
Daman | 达曼人
達曼人 | Dámànrén | 200 | Tibetan | Gyirong County, Shigatse Prefecture, Tibet | They are popularly believed to be descendants of the Nepalese Gurkha army.
Caizu | 菜族人 | Càizúrén | 170 (in 32 households) | Han | Unknown |
Ili Turks | 土尔克人,
土爾克人 | Tǔěrkèrén | 120[17] | Uzbek, Uyghur | Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Northern Xinjiang | Ethnically and linguistically distinct from Uyghurs.
Ongkor | 翁阔人
翁闊人 | Wēngkuòrén | 20 | Evenki | Yining County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang | It is said that Ongkor is the smallest ethnic group in China. The 1993 survey showed that there were only 20 people.
Tanka | 疍家人
疍家人 | Dànjiārén |  | Han | Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan | Thought to have Baiyue origins. Traditionally boat people who lived by the sea, they were sometimes referred to as "sea gypsies".
Dolan | 刀朗人 | Dāolǎngrén |  | Uyghur | Awat County, Xinjiang |
Kucong | 苦聪人
苦聰人 | Kǔcōngrén |  | Lahu | Yunnan |

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ This count does not include all Japanese people in China (such as those who arrived after 1945), but only those who have resided in China since 1945.

## See also

[edit]

* Ethnic minorities in China
* Ethnic groups in Chinese history
* List of unrecognized ethnic groups of Guizhou

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Shih, Chih-yu (2002). Negotiating Ethnicity in China: Citizenship as a Response to the State. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28372-8.
2. ^ Luo, Liuning 罗柳宁 (2018-04-07). "Bùnǔ Yáo léigōng miào de wénhuà nèihán jiědú" 布努瑶雷公庙的文化内涵解读. Pǔshì shèhuì kēxué yánjiū wǎng 普世社会科学研究网 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2021-06-06.
3. ^ Zhōngguó dìlǐ 中国地理 (in Chinese). Zhongguo renmin daxue shubao ziliaoshe. 1986.
4. ^ "Hua nan shi fan da xue xue bao: Journal of South China Normal University. She hui ke xue ban". Huánán shīfàn dàxué xuébào 华南师范大学学报 (in Chinese). 1983.
5. ^ Shi, Lianzhu 施联朱 (2005). Zhōngguó de mínzú shìbié: 56 gè mínzú de láilì 中国的民族识别: 56个民族的来历 (in Chinese). Beijing Shi: Minzu chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-105-06613-1.
6. ^ "東南文化". Dōngnán wénhuà 東南文化 (in Chinese). 1987.
7. ^ Liu, Xinglu 刘兴禄 (2009). "Xiāngxī Wǎxiāng rénmín wèn shòuliè xísú chūtàn" 湘西瓦乡人民问狩猎习俗初探 [An Exploration of Hunting Custom of the Waxiang People in Xiangxi]. Jíshǒu dàxué xuébào (shèhuì kēxué bǎn) (in Chinese). 30 (5): 49. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4074.2009.05.010.
8. ^ "Jiědú: Měiguó wèihé huì yǒu 3200 míng Tǔěrhùtèrén? Tāmen shì zěnme dào dì Měiguó?" 解读：美国为何会有3200名土尔扈特人？他们是怎么到的美国？. Wǎngyì 网易 (in Chinese). 2020-09-04. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
9. ^ "民族硏究". Mínzú yánjiū 民族硏究 (in Chinese). 1999.
10. ^ Yang, Tongyin 杨通銀 (2000). Mòyǔ yánjiū 莫语硏究 (in Chinese). Beijing Shi: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-81056-427-4.
11. ^ Olson, James S. (1998). "Altai". An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 9–11\. ISBN 0-313-28853-4.
12. ^ "Left Behind: Japan's Wartime Defeat and the Stranded Women of Manchukuo". Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
13. ^ Mongush, M. V. (1996). "Tuvans of Mongolia and China". International Journal of Central Asian Studies. 1: 225–243.
14. ^ Suihkonen, Pirkko; Whaley, Lindsay J., eds. (2014). On Diversity and Complexity of Languages Spoken in Europe and North and Central Asia. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. p. 340\. ISBN 978-90-272-6936-2.
15. ^ Pfeffer, Anshel (12 January 2018). "Taking the Silk Route Back Home". Haaretz. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
16. ^ "Shi jie zong jiao yan jiu". Shìjiè zōngjiào yánjiū 世界宗教研究 (in Chinese). 1990.
17. ^ "Ili Turki". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 2019-06-06.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Olson, James S. (1998). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-28853-4.
* Schwars, Henry G. (1984). The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey. Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University.

## External links

[edit]

* 至今没有归属中国尚待被识别的23个少数民族 (in Chinese)

* v
* t
* e

Ethnic groups of China

Sino-Tibetan|

| Sinitic|

* Han Chinese
* subgroups
* Hui
* Bai
* Caijia
* Chuanqing
* Longjia
* Waxiang

|

Lolo-Burmese|

* Yi
* Hani
* Lisu
* Lahu
* Nakhi
* Achang
* Nu
* Jino
* Akha
* Bisu
* Kucong
* Laomian
* Laopin
* Mosuo
* Qixingmin

Qiangic|

* Qiang
* Pumi
* Baima
* Gyalrong

Tibetic|

* Tibetans
* Monpa
* Sherpa

Others|

* Tujia
* Jingpo
* Derung
* Lhoba
* Deng

Austroasiatic|

* Wa
* Blang
* Vietnamese (Gin)
* Ta'ang
* Bolyu
* Kunge
* Khmu
* Lai
* Mang
* Pakan

Austronesian|

* Gaoshan
* Filipino
* Utsuls

Hmong-Mien|

* Miao
* Hmong
* Yao
* She
* Gejia

Mongolic|

* Mongols
* subgroups
* Dongxiang
* Monguor
* Daur
* Bonan
* Yugurs
* Eastern
* Hamnigan
* Kangjia
* Khatso
* Sogwo Arig

Kra–Dai|

* Zhuang
* Bouyei
* Dong
* Li
* Dai
* Tai Lue
* Tai Nua
* Gelao
* Sui
* Mulao
* Maonan
* Buyang
* Nùng
* Qabiao
* Rau
* Shan
* Yang

Tungusic|

* Manchus
* Sibes
* Evenks
* Solon
* Oroqen
* Nanai

Turkic|

* Uyghurs
* Kazakhs
* Kyrgyz
* Salars
* Yugurs
* Western
* Uzbeks
* Tatars
* Altaians
* Äynu
* Dolan
* Fuyu Kyrgyz
* Ili Turks
* Tuvans

Indo-European|

* Pamiris (Tajiks)
* Wakhis
* Russians
* Armenians
* Iranians
* Nepalis
* Daman

Others|

* Koreans (Chaoxian)
* African Chinese
* Indians
* Japanese
* Jews
* Kaifeng Jews
* Macanese
* Nivkhs
* Pakistanis
* Naturalised citizens

Related|

* Unrecognized ethnic groups in China
* Historic ethnic groups
* Han Chinese nationalism
* Chinese nationalism
* Local ethnic nationalism
* Minzu
* Chinese people
* Zhonghua minzu

* v
* t
* e

Immigration to China

From Asia|

* Armenians
* Burmese
* Filipinos
* Indians
* Israelis
* Iranians
* Japanese
* Shanghai
* Koreans
* Shanghai
* Nepalis
* Pakistanis
* Vietnamese

From elsewhere|

* Africans
* Guangzhou
* Hong Kong
* Americans
* Australians
* Britons
* Hong Kong
* Canadians
* Nigerians
* Poles
* Portuguese
* Macau
* Russians
* Albazinians
* Harbin
* Shanghai
* Ukrainians

See also|

* Demographics of China
* Immigration to Hong Kong
* Immigration to Macau
* History of the Jews in China
* Hong Kong
* Kaifeng
* Underoccupied developments in China
* Illegal immigration

Underlined: the 56 officially recognised ethnic groups ranked by population in their language families according to 2020 census

* Category
* China portal

* v
* t
* e

Ethnic groups in Asia

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste (East Timor)
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

* v
* t
* e

East Asia

Countries and regions|

* China
* Hong Kong
* Macau
* Mainland
* Japan
* Ryukyu
* Korea
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Jeju
* Mongolia
* Taiwan

Ethnic groups|

* Ainu
* Han Chinese
* subgroups
* Hui
* Japanese
* Yamato
* Koreans
* in China
* in Japan
* in Sakhalin
* Manchu
* Miao
* Mongolic
* Mongols
* in China
* Khalkha in Mongolia
* Qiang
* Ryukyuans
* Indigenous Taiwanese
* Tibetans
* Tujia
* Uyghurs
* Yi
* Zhuang
* other ethnic groups in China
* unrecognized
* historical

Culture|

* Age reckoning
* Architecture‎
* Art
* Chinese
* Japanese
* Korean
* Taiwanese
* Blepharoplasty
* Buddhism
* Calligraphy
* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Sinosphere
* Dance
* Chinese knotting
* Chinese dragon
* Festivals
* Gardens
* Chinese characters
* Hip-and-gable roof
* Languages
* Literature
* Mādhyamaka
* Music
* Mythology
* Philosophy
* Religion
* Scripts
* Seal
* Sino-Xenic pronunciations
* Surnames
* Television
* Typography
* Yogācāra
* Chinese zodiac

Environment|

* East Asia Climate Partnership
* Monsoon
* Rainy season
* Flora

Economy and Politics|

* China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit
* Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia
* Capitalism
* East Asia Summit
* East Asian Bureau of Economic Research
* East Asian Community
* Four Asian Tigers
* Human rights in East Asia
* Ports
* Stock exchanges

History|

* Archaeology
* Archaeological cultures
* Bronze Age
* Iron Age
* Former countries

Sports|

* China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting
* East Asian Football Federation
* East Asian Games
* East Asian Judo Championships
* East Asian martial arts
* East Asian Youth Games
* EAFF E-1 Football Championship

Education|

* Association of East Asian Research Universities
* CrossAsia
* East Asian Economic Review
* East Asia Image Collection
* East Asia Law Review
* East Asian studies
* Journal of East Asian Studies
* Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute

Military|

* Horses in East Asian warfare
* Bansenshūkai
* Miyamoto Musashi
* Sun Tzu
* The Art of War
* The Book of Five Rings
* Yi Sun-sin

Science and technology|

* Needham Research Institute
* Printing
* Swords
* Traditional medicine

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template