Urban rail transit in India

Cities in India with various Urban Transit Systems. Transit boxes are clickable upon viewing the original svg file. The Magenta Line of the Delhi Metro India's modern rapid rail system in Meerut, the RapidXMylapore MRTS station in Chennai. The suburban rail is the largest urban transit mode in India by ridership.

Urban rail transit in India plays an important role in intracity transportation in the major cities which are highly populated. It consists of Regional Rapid Transit System, suburban rail, monorail, and tram systems.

According to a report published in 2025, a total of 36.5 billion people traveled annually in metro systems across India's fifteen major cities, placing the country as one of the busiest urban rapid transit hubs in the world in terms of commuters. In 2025, the Delhi Metro alone carries an average of 46.3 lakh (4.63 million) passengers daily, and the Delhi-Meerut RRTS has an operational speed of 160 kmph according to Wikipedia. Across all metro systems in India, daily ridership is expected to be significantly higher, possibly exceeding 10 million. As of 2025, the cumulative length of 1,000 kilometres (620 miles) of eighteen metro systems in India makes it the third longest in operation in the world.[1]

The Ministry of Urban Development's Urban Transport wing is the nodal division for coordination, appraisal, and approval of Urban Transport matters including Metro Rail Projects at the central level. All the interventions in urban transport by the Ministry of Urban Development are carried out as per the provisions of the National Urban Transport Policy, 2006.[2]

Currently, the Delhi-Meerut RRTS is the fastest urban rail transit system in India, featuring an operational speed of 160 kmph and an average speed (including stoppage time) of 100 kmph.

## Terminology

[edit]

Indian cities have various types of urban transit systems operational, under construction and planned. These systems are being implemented based on the population of a city, financial feasibility and demand.

Urban transit type  | Capacity  | Speed  | Frequency of stations / stops  | Locale  | Right of way | Rail based  | Cost to build and operate

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Metro | High  | Moderate  | High  | Intracity  | Yes  | Yes  | High
Local Train network | High  | Moderate  | Medium  | Regional  | No †  | Yes  | Moderate
Medium-capacity metro | Medium  | Moderate  | High  | Intracity  | Yes  | Yes  | High
Light rail | Medium  | Moderate  | High  | Intracity  | Partial ‡  | Yes  | Moderate
Monorail | Medium  | Moderate  | High  | Intracity  | Yes  | Yes  | High
Rapid rail | High  | High  | Low  | Regional  | Yes  | Yes  | High
Tram | Low  | Slow  | High  | Neighborhood  | No  | Yes  | Low
Bus Rapid Transit | Low  | Moderate  | High  | Intracity  | Yes  | No  | Low
Metro Neo | Low  | Moderate  | High  | Intracity  | Yes  | No  | Moderate
Water Metro | Low  | Slow  | Medium  | Intracity  | Yes  | No  | Low

† Note: Suburban rail and Vande Metro in India utilises the broad gauge network of Indian Railways and mostly shares the network and infrastructure with the rest of Indian Railway services.
‡ Note: Light Rail systems are mostly fenced and can be built with complete right of way if preferred so.

* Metro: The rapid transit or popularly known as metro in India, is an urban high-capacity rail system, commonly operated in metropolitan cities. These systems are segregated from Indian Railways and have their right-of-way.
* Local rail: Suburban rail or popularly known as local train system in India, is an urban rail transit system where the suburbs are connected to the city's centre. These systems are linked to and operated by Indian Railways. Example: Mumbai Suburban Railway
* Medium-capacity rail: It is a rapid transit (metro) system which has a capacity higher than light rail but lower than rapid transit system to serve a medium demand. It is built considering the future rise in demand, so that it can be converted into a regular metro. Example: Rapid Metro Gurgaon
* Light rail: Light rail which is also known as Metro Lite is used in cities that have low demand. It is a combination of rapid transit and tram systems. It has a higher capacity and speed compared to tram services and has dedicated tracks that are mostly fenced. Example: Srinagar Metro
* Monorail: This system has trains running on a single rail/beam. It has found its application in medium capacity transport, but due to low efficiency and high costs, it has been sidelined in India. Example: Mumbai Monorail
* Rapid Rail : This system is operated either between two similarly sized cities, which are close to each other or between an urban city and smaller cities lying nearby. Example: Delhi–Meerut RRTS
* Tram: These systems are one of the oldest modes of urban transport in India. They are low capacity, slow-moving trains which run on tracks that are embedded in the urban streets. Example: Kolkata Tram

### Non-rail based urban transit

[edit]

* Bus Rapid Transit : The Bus Rapid Transit systems in India use conventional buses or high capacity buses and have their own right-of-way, separated from the rest of the traffic. Example: Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System
* Metro Neo : These are the Bus Rapid Transit systems that use overhead wires with power supply, similar to a trolleybus but with a higher capacity. They also have either a complete or partial right-of-way. Example: Greater Nashik Metro
* Water Metro : A water-based urban transit system usually implemented in cities which are situated on river banks. These systems are basically integrated ferry systems. Example: Kochi Water Metro

## History

[edit]

### Early history

[edit]

Life-size model of a horse-drawn tram at the City Centre arcade, Salt Lake, Kolkata

The first-ever mode of the urban rail transit system in India was commuter rail (or suburban rail), built in Mumbai on 16 April 1853. The first passenger train was flagged off from Bori Bunder (present-day Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai) from where it travelled to Thane, covering a distance of 34 km in an hour and fifteen minutes. This made it the Asia's first suburban railway.[3] At the turn of the 20th century, tram systems began to sprawl across the four major cities of India, viz. Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai, and helped local population to meet their intracity transportation needs. Horse-drawn tram was first introduced in Kolkata in 1873 and the electric trams began to operate in Chennai in 1895, later the cities of Mumbai, Kanpur, and Delhi saw trams being introduced. These services were discontinued in all Indian cities between 1933 and 1964, except for Kolkata where they operate on streets to the present day as heritage.[4]

### Metro and mass rapid transit

[edit]

Old Kolkata Metro BHEL 1000 metro rake

In September 1919, during a session of the Imperial Legislative Council at Shimla, a committee was set up by W. E. Crum that recommended a metro line for Kolkata.[5] The next proposal for a metro system was mooted by government of West Bengal in 1949-50 and a survey was conducted by French experts. However, the proposal could not be brought into the effect and India had to wait for its first metro service. It was twenty three years later when the foundation stone was laid in Kolkata in 1972 to commence the construction of the ambitious metro system. On 24 October 1984, India saw its first metro system operational in Kolkata. After several struggles and bureaucratic hurdles, a stretch of 3.4 km was opened with five stations on the line.[6] On 1 November 1995, the Chennai MRTS began its operations, becoming the first fully elevated suburban rail line (overall second elevated railway line in India) and also the country's longest elevated suburban railway corridor spanning 17 km.[7][8]

The first concept of an urban rapid transit system in Delhi came out during 1969,[9] when a traffic and travel characteristics study was conducted. The bus systems which catered the public transportation in the city soon began to run out of capacity and the traffic was on the rise, this soon became a growing concern. The concepts for an urban transit system were considered as the need for the country's capital.[9] After planning, a proposal was made in 1984, which revealed plans for constructing three underground corridors and augmentation of the existing suburban rail system. The construction began on 1 October 1998 and the first line was operational on 24 December 2002.[6][10] With 348.12 kilometres (216.31 mi), the Delhi Metro went on to be the longest and by far the busiest metro system in India, which also served as a role model to other Indian cities.[11]

### Monorails and their replacement

[edit]

While the political capital of India was expanding on its success by constructing new metro lines, suburban railways remained as the dominant mode of transport in the financial capital, Mumbai. According to Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) the city bus services operating in narrow and crowded areas of the city were slow-moving and caused traffic congestion hence a rapid transit system was necessary. Since the city already had planned metro services and since the suburban railways also connected major parts of the city, a feeder system to these services was proposed in the form of Monorail.[12] After the construction was completed, On 1 February 2014, Mumbai Monorail became the first of its kind in India.[13][14]

In the early 2010s, many cities had conceived the plan to build monorails as the major urban transportation solution to their cities. However, Mumbai's monorail soon began to reveal the underlying problems of a monorail system.[15] The issues such as low ridership, inefficient track maintenance (accessibility of the tracks during maintenance as well as the time taken to repair the tracks), train slowing down at the switches and for the fact that the monorail tracks had to be entirely elevated with a dedicated depot and set of rolling stocks, raised the concerns on feasibility, cost of construction and operation of the new lines significantly. For the similar reasons, almost all of the monorail systems around the world are seen in amusement parks or similar theme parks instead as a solution to the urban public transportation.[16] A traditional light rail system soon emerged as the efficient mode but with cheaper cost and greater capacity than what monorail offered. As a result, many Indian cities replaced their proposed monorail projects with either a regular metro or a light rail system.[17]

## Rapid transit

[edit]

Millennium city centre metro station in Gurugram Double decker viaduct in Nagpur, with Metro on top tier and highway on lower tier Mumbai Metro in Andheri

There are currently 18 operational rapid transit (Officially and popularly known as 'Metro') systems in seventeen cities across India, with Delhi Metro being the largest.[18] As of July 2024, India has 1,000.75 kilometres (621.84 miles) of operational metro lines in 18 cities.[19][20] India's metro network is the third longest in the world, behind China and USA. A further 779.27 km of lines are under construction.

Apart from the Kolkata Metro (which has its own zone under Indian Railways),[21] these rapid transit metro lines are not operated by Indian Railways, but a separate set of local authorities. In addition to their metro systems, the cities of Chennai and Hyderabad have mass transit systems operated by the Indian Railways, known as the Chennai MRTS and the Hyderabad MMTS, respectively. The first rapid transit system in India is the Kolkata Metro, which started operations in 1984. Kolkata Metro also currently has the only underwater metro line in the country. The Delhi Metro has the largest network in the entire country.[22]

### Implementation

[edit]

In 2006, the National Urban Transport Policy had proposed the construction of a metro rail system in every city with a population of at least 20 lakh (2 million) people.[23][24]

From 2002 to 2014, the Indian metro infrastructure expanded by 248 km.[1]

Later on 11 August 2014, Union Government had announced that it would provide financial assistance for the implementation of a metro rail system to all Indian cities having a population of more than 1 million.[25][26] In May 2015, the Union Government approved the Union Urban Development Ministry's proposal to implement metro rail systems in 50 cities, with the majority of the planned projects were to be implemented through special purpose vehicles, which will be established as 50:50 joint ventures between the Union and respective State Government. The Union Government would invest an estimated ₹5 lakh crore (US$59 billion).[27][28]

In a new draft policy unveiled in March 2017, the Central Government stated that it wanted state governments to consider metro rail as the "last option" and implement it only after considering all other possible mass rapid transit systems. The decision was taken due to the high cost of constructing metro rail systems.[29] In August 2017, the Union Government announced that it would not provide financial assistance to the new metro rail project unless some sort of private partnership is involved.[30][31][32]

### List of systems

[edit]

As of 30 June 2025
List of current operational systems in India  System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Lines Operational  | Stations  | Length  | Operator(s)  | Opened  | Annual Ridership (in millions)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Operational  | Under Construction  | Planned
Agra Metro | Agra | Uttar Pradesh | 1  | 6  | 6 km (3.7 mi)[33][34][35] | 24.47 km (15.20 mi)[36] | 0 km (0 mi)  | UPMRC | 6 March 2024  | –
Ahmedabad Metro | Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, GIFT City | Gujarat | 4  | 47 | 60.06 km (37.32 mi)[37][38] | 8.92 km (5.54 mi)  | 7.41 km (4.60 mi)  | GMRC | 4 March 2019[39][40] | 40.06 (2024*)[41][Nb 1]
Chennai Metro | Chennai | Tamil Nadu | 2  | 42[42] | 54.1 km (33.6 mi)[43] | 118.9 km (73.9 mi)  | 86.16 km (53.54 mi)  | CMRL | 29 June 2015[44] | 105.24 (2024)[45]
Delhi Metro | Delhi NCR | Delhi | 10[46] | 257[a] | 395 km (245 mi)[Nb 2][47] | 65.20 km (40.51 mi)[48] | 53.281 km (33.107 mi)[49][50][51] | DMRC | 24 December 2002[52] | 2032.3 (2024*)[53][Nb 3]
Hyderabad Metro | Hyderabad | Telangana | 3  | 57 | 69 km (43 mi)[54] | –  | 162.5 km (101.0 mi)

[55]

| HMRL | 29 November 2017[56] | 178 (2024)[57][Nb 4]
Indore Metro | Indore | Madhya Pradesh | 1  | 5 | 6 km (3.7 mi)  | 31.23 km (19.41 mi)  | 124 km (77 mi)

[58]

| MPMRCL | 31 May 2025[58] | –
Jaipur Metro | Jaipur | Rajasthan | 1[59] | 11[59] | 11.98 km (7.44 mi)[60] | 2.85 km (1.77 mi)[61] | 26.36 km (16.38 mi)  | JMRC | 3 June 2015[59] | 20.05 (2024*)[62]
Kanpur Metro | Kanpur | Uttar Pradesh | 1  | 14 | 16 km (9.9 mi)[63] | 15.05 km (9.35 mi)  | 8.6 km (5.3 mi)  | UPMRC | 28 December 2021  | 11.06 (2024)
Kochi Metro | Kochi | Kerala | 1  | 25 | 28.38 km (17.63 mi)[64] | 11.2 km (7.0 mi)  | 59.16 km (36.76 mi)  | KMRL | 17 June 2017[65] | 36.52 (2024)[66]
Kolkata Metro | Kolkata | West Bengal | 4  | 50 | 59.38 km (36.90 mi)[67][68] | 43.51 km (27.04 mi)  | 28.78 km (17.88 mi)  | Metro Railway, Kolkata
KMRC | 24 October 1984[69] | 218.1 (2025*)[70]
Lucknow Metro | Lucknow | Uttar Pradesh | 1  | 21 | 22.87 km (14.21 mi)[71] | –  | 85.00 km (52.82 mi)  | UPMRC | 5 September 2017[72] | 31.15 (2024*)[73][74]
Mumbai Metro | Mumbai Metropolitan Region | Maharashtra | 4  | 59 | 68.93 km (42.83 mi)[75][76][77] | 132.45 km (82.30 mi)  | 138.94 km (86.33 mi)  | MMOPL
MMMOCL
MMRC | 8 June 2014[78] | 273.75 (2024)[79][80][Nb 5]
Nagpur Metro | Nagpur | Maharashtra | 2  | 37 | 38.22 km (23.75 mi)[81] | 43 km (27 mi)[82] | 48.30 km (30.01 mi)  | Maha Metro | 8 March 2019[83] | 33.88 (2024*)[84][Nb 6]
Namma Metro | Bengaluru | Karnataka | 3  | 85 | 96.10 km (59.71 mi)[85][86] | 79.44 km (49.36 mi)  | 79.8 km (49.6 mi)[87] | BMRCL | 20 October 2011[88] | 278.54 (2024*)[89]
Navi Mumbai Metro | Mumbai Metropolitan Region | Maharashtra | 1[90] | 11[90] | 11.10 km (6.90 mi)[91] | –  | 95.3 km [92]

(7.6 mi)

| CIDCO
Maha Metro | 17 November 2023  | 0.935 (2024)[93][Nb 7]
Noida Metro | Noida | Uttar Pradesh | 1  | 21 | 29.70 km (18.45 mi)[47] | –  | 84.95 km (52.79 mi)  | DMRC / NMRC | 25 January 2019[94] | 22.03 (2024) [95]
Pune Metro | Pune | Maharashtra | 2  | 29 | 33.63 km (20.90 mi)[96][97] | 45.95 km (28.55 mi)  | 115 km (71 mi)  | Maha Metro | 6 March 2022[98] | 45.72 (2024) [99]
Rapid Metro Gurgaon | Gurgaon | Haryana | 1  | 11 | 12.83 km (7.97 mi)[47] | –  | 188 km (117 mi)  | DMRC | 14 November 2013[100] | 14.6 (2024*)[101][102]
Total  |  |  | 43  | 775  | 1,019.65 km (633.58 mi)[38] | 471.65 km (293.07 mi)  | 1,380.269 km (857.659 mi)  |  |  | 3347.617 millions

Table notes

^* Indicates ridership figures based on the fiscal year rather than the calendar year.

### Systems in development

[edit]

As of 5 December 2024

Under construction
Approved
Proposed

System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Lines  | Stations  | Length (Under Construction)  | Length (Planned)  | Construction began  | Planned Opening

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Bhoj Metro | Bhopal | Madhya Pradesh | 2  | 28  | 6.22 km (3.86 mi) [103] | 87.9 km (54.6 mi)  | 2018  | 2025[104]
Meerut Metro | Meerut | Uttar Pradesh | 2  | 25  | 23.6 km (14.7 mi)  | 38.6 km (24.0 mi)  | 2019  | 2025[105]
Patna Metro | Patna | Bihar | 2  | 26  | 32.91 km (20.45 mi)[106] | 70 km (43 mi)[107] | 2020  | 2025[108]
Surat Metro | Surat | Gujarat | 2  | 38  | 41.93 km (26.05 mi)  | 70 km (43 mi)  | 2021  | 2027[109]
Bhubaneswar Metro |

* Bhubaneswar

| Odisha | 1  | 20  | 26.024 km (16.171 mi)  | 100 km (62 mi)[110] | 2024[111] | 2028[112]
Visakhapatnam Metro | Visakhapatnam | Andhra Pradesh | 3  | 54  |  | 76.90 km (47.78 mi)  | TBD  | 2028[113]
Vijayawada Metro | Vijayawada | Andhra Pradesh | 2  | 51  |  | 75 km (47 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[114]
Thane Metro | Thane | Maharashtra | 1  | 22  |  | 29 km (18 mi)  | TBD  | 2029[115]
Guwahati Metro | Guwahati | Assam | 4  | 54  |  | 61.42 km (38.16 mi)  | TBD  | TBD
Chandigarh Metro | Chandigarh Capital Region |

* Chandigarh
* Punjab
* Haryana

| 5  | 50+  |  | 154.5 km (95 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[116]
Vadodara Metro  | Vadodara | Gujarat | 2  | TBD  |  | 43.20 km (26.84 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[117]
Rajkot Metro  | Rajkot | Gujarat | 2  | TBD  |  | 37.8 km (23.5 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[118]
Ranchi Metro | Ranchi | Jharkhand | 1  | 20  |  | 16 km (9.9 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[119]
Thiruvananthapuram Metro | Thiruvananthapuram | Kerala | 2  | 38  |  | 46.7 km (29.0 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[120][121]
Nashik Metro[122] | Nashik | Maharashtra | TBD  | TBD  |  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD[122]
Aurangabad Metro  | Aurangabad | Maharashtra | 2  | TBD  |  | 25 km (16 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[123][124]
Total  |  |  | 44  | 700+  | 169.63 km (105.40 mi)  | 1,184.955 km (736.297 mi)  |  |

### Abandoned systems

[edit]

Scrapped

System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Length  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Western Railway Elevated Corridor | Mumbai | Maharashtra | 63.27 km (39.31 mi)  | Rejected due to infeasibility.[125]
Ludhiana Metro | Ludhiana | Punjab | 28.30 km (17.58 mi)  | Rejected and replaced by bus rapid transit system.[126]
Skybus Metro | Margao | Goa |

1.5 km (0.93 mi)

| Scrapped and Dismantled [127]

### List of lines

[edit]

As of 10 August 2025

India has a total of 38 lines of metro under operation.

Urban rapid rail transit lines

Line  | System  | Length  | Stations  | Rolling stock  | Commencement  | Latest extension
| Blue Line | Kolkata | 32.13 km (19.96 mi)  | 26 | ICF, CRRC Dalian | 24 October 1984  | 22 February 2021
| Green Line | 22 km (14 mi)  | 12 | BEML Limited | 13 February 2020  | 6 March 2024
| Purple Line | 7.75 km (4.82 mi)  | 7 | ICF | 30 December 2022  | 6 March 2024
| Orange Line | 5.4 km (3.4 mi)  | 5 | ICF | 6 March 2024  | –
| Red Line | Delhi | 34.55 km (21.47 mi)  | 29 | Mitsubishi, Hyundai Rotem and BEML Limited | 25 December 2002  | 8 March 2019
| Yellow Line | 49.02 km (30.46 mi)  | 37 | Mitsubishi, Hyundai Rotem, BEML Limited and Bombardier Movia | 20 December 2004  | 10 November 2015
| Blue Line (Main) | 56.11 km (34.87 mi)  | 50 | 31 December 2005  | 9 March 2019
Blue Line (Branch) | 8.51 km (5.29 mi)  | 8 | 10 May 2009  | 14 July 2011
| Green Line (Main) | 28.79 km (17.89 mi)  | 24 | Mitsubishi, Hyundai Rotem and BEML Limited | 3 April 2010  | 24 June 2018
| Violet Line | 46.34 km (28.79 mi)  | 34 | 3 October 2010  | 19 November 2018
| Airport Express | 22.70 km (14.11 mi)  | 6 | CAF | 23 February 2011  | 17 September 2023
| Magenta Line | 37.46 km (23.28 mi)  | 25 | Hyundai Rotem | 25 December 2017  | 28 May 2018
| Pink Line | 59.24 km (36.81 mi)  | 38 | Hyundai Rotem and BEML Limited | 14 March 2018  | 6 August 2021
| Grey Line | 5.19 km (3.22 mi)  | 4 | Hyundai Rotem | 4 October 2019  | 18 September 2021
| Purple Line | Bengaluru | 43.49 km (27.02 mi)  | 37 | BEML Limited, Mitsubishi, Alstom, Siemens, CRRC Nanjing Puzhen, Titagarh Rail Systems | 20 October 2011  | 9 October 2023
| Green Line | 33.36 km (20.73 mi)  | 29 | 1 March 2014  | 7 November 2024
| Yellow Line | 18.82 km (11.69 mi)  | 16 | 10 August 2025  | –
|  Line 1 | Gurgaon | 12.85 km (7.98 mi)  | 11 | Siemens | 14 November 2013  | 31 March 2017
| Blue Line 1 | Mumbai | 10.81 km (6.72 mi)  | 12 | CRRC Nanjing Puzhen | 8 June 2014  | –
| Yellow Line 2 | 18.58 km (11.55 mi)  | 17 | BEML | 2 April 2022  | 19 January 2023
| Red Line 7 | 16.50 km (10.25 mi)  | 14 | 2 April 2022  | 19 January 2023
| Aqua Line 3 | 22.43 km (13.94 mi)  | 16 | Alstom Metropolis | 5 October 2024  | 10 May 2025
| Pink Line | Jaipur | 11.97 km (7.44 mi)  | 11 | BEML Limited | 3 June 2015  | 23 September 2020
| Blue Line | Chennai | 32.65 km (20.29 mi)  | 25 | Alstom | 21 September 2016  | 13 March 2022
| Green Line | 22.00 km (13.67 mi)  | 17 | 29 June 2015  | 25 May 2018
| Line 1 | Kochi | 28.13 km (17.48 mi)  | 22 | Alstom Metropolis | 17 June 2017  | 6 March 2024
| Red Line | Lucknow | 22.87 km (14.21 mi)  | 21 | Alstom | 5 September 2017  | 8 March 2019
| Red Line | Hyderabad | 29.21 km (18.15 mi)  | 27 | Hyundai Rotem | 29 November 2017  | 24 September 2018
| Blue Line | 27 km (17 mi)  | 23 | 29 November 2017  | 29 November 2019
| Green Line | 11 km (6.8 mi)  | 10 | 7 February 2020  | –
| Aqua Line | Noida | 29.7 km (18.5 mi)  | 21 | CRRC | 25 January 2019  | –
| Blue Line | Ahmedabad | 21.23 km (13.19 mi)  | 18 | Hyundai Rotem | 4 March 2019  | 8 December 2024
| Red Line | 18.87 km (11.73 mi)  | 15 | 1 October 2022  | –
| Yellow Line | 23.84 km (14.81 mi)  | 7 | 17 September 2024  | –
| Violet Line | 5.42 km (3.37 mi)  | 3 | 17 September 2024  | –
| Orange Line | Nagpur | 15.60 km (9.69 mi)  | 13 | CRRC | 8 March 2019  | 21 August 2021
| Aqua Line | 11.0 km (6.8 mi)  | 11 | 28 January 2020  | 6 April 2021
| Orange Line | Kanpur | 16 km (9.9 mi)  | 9 | Alstom | 28 December 2021  | 31 May 2025
| Purple Line | Pune | 16.59 km (10.31 mi)  | 5 | Titagarh Firema | 6 March 2022  | 29 September 2024
| Aqua Line | 14.66 km (9.11 mi)  | 5 | 6 March 2022  | 21 August 2024
Line 1 | Navi Mumbai | 11.10 km (6.90 mi)  | 11 | CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive | 17 November 2023  | –
| Yellow Line | Agra | 6 km (3.7 miles)  | 6 | Alstom Movia | 6 March 2024  | –
| Yellow Line | Indore | 6 km (3.7 miles)  | 6 | Alstom Movia | 31 May 2025  | –

Note : Only operational lines are listed.

## Suburban rail

[edit]

An EMU of the Mumbai Suburban Railway, the oldest Suburban Railway Network in India built in 1853 An elevated stretch of the Chennai MRTS

Suburban rail plays a major role in the public transport system of many major Indian cities. These services are operated by Indian Railways. Suburban rail is a rail service between a central business district and the suburbs, a conurbation or other locations that draw large numbers of people daily. The trains are called suburban trains. These trains are also referred to as "local trains" or "locals". The suburban rail systems in Hyderabad, Pune, Lucknow–Kanpur and Bengaluru do not have dedicated suburban tracks but share tracks with long-distance trains. The suburban rail system of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai have both dedicated tracks and tracks shared with long-distance trains.

The first suburban rail system in India is Mumbai Suburban Railway which started operations in 1853. The Kolkata Suburban Railway has the largest network in the entire country. The Chennai Suburban Railway started its operations in 1931.

Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic are all electric multiple units (EMUs). They usually have nine or 12 coaches, though can sometimes include 15 to handle rush hour traffic. One unit of an EMU train consists of one power car and two general coaches. Thus a nine coach EMU is made up of three units having one power car at each end and one at the middle. The rakes in the suburban rails run on 25 kV AC.[128] Ridership on India's suburban railways has risen from 1.2 million in 1970–71 to 4.4 million in 2012–13. The suburban railways of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai occupy no more than 7.1% of the Indian Railways network, but account for 53.2% of all railway passengers.[129] In some cities of India, the opening of rapid transit systems has led to a decline in the use of the suburban rail system.[130] [131]

As of 5 September 2021
System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Lines  | Stations  | Length  | Opened  | Annual Ridership (in Billions)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Chennai Suburban Railway |

* Chennai
* Tambaram
* Avadi
* Tiruvallur
* Chengalpattu
* Ponneri
* Gummidipoondi
* Kancheepuram
* Arakkonam
* Tiruttani
* Sullurpeta
* Viluppuram
* Pondicherry
* Chittoor
* Tirupati

| Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry | 8  | 300+  | 1,200 km (750 mi)  | 1931[132] | 1.01
Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System | Chennai | Tamil Nadu | 2  | 18  | 19.34 km (12.02 mi)  | 1 November 1995[133] | 0.1
Delhi Suburban Railway | National Capital Region | Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana | 1  | 46 | 320 km (200 mi)  | 1 October 1975[134] | –
Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System

* Hyderabad
* Secunderabad
* Falaknuma
* Lingampalli

| Telangana | 5  | 44  | 90 km (56 mi)  | 9 August 2003[135] | 0.01825

(Daily max 50K as of 2024)

Kolkata Suburban Railway |

* Kolkata Metropolitan Area
* Purba Bardhaman
* Paschim Bardhaman
* Purba Medinipur
* Paschim Medinipur
* Nadia
* North 24 Parganas
* South 24 Parganas
* Murshidabad
* Howrah
* Hooghly

| West Bengal | 24  | 458 | 1,501 km (933 mi)  | 15 August 1854[136] | 1.825
Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railways |

* Lucknow
* Unnao
* Kanpur
* Barabanki

| Uttar Pradesh | 1  | 23 (NR)

28 (NER)

| 101 km (NR)

109 km (NER)

| 1867  | _
Mumbai Suburban Railway |

* Mumbai
* Thane
* Navi Mumbai
* Kalyan

| Maharashtra | 7  | 150 | 450.90 km (280.18 mi)  | 16 April 1853[3] | 3.0
Pune Suburban Railway |

* Pune
* Talegaon
* Pimpri-Chinchwad
* Lonavala

| Maharashtra | 2  | 17  | 63 km (39 mi)  | 11 March 1978[137] | 0.022
Total  | 8  | 8  | 48  | 1017  | 3,319.84 km (2,062.85 mi)  |  | 5.5

### Systems in development

[edit]

As of 24 April 2024

Under construction
Proposed

System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Lines  | Stations  | Length  | Planned Opening

|
|
|
|
|
|

Bengaluru Suburban Railway | Bengaluru | Karnataka | 4  | 69  | 160.0 km (99.4 mi)  | 2026[138][139]
Ahmedabad Suburban Railway | Ahmedabad | Gujarat | 2  | 41  | 52.96 km (32.91 mi)  | TBD[140]
Nagpur broad-gauge Metro | Nagpur | Maharashtra | 4[141] | TBD  | 268.63 km (166.92 mi)  | TBD[142][143]
Coimbatore Suburban Railway | Coimbatore | Tamil Nadu | 5  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD[144]

## Regional rapid transit

[edit]

Regional Rapid Transit systems in India are higher-speed passenger rail services that operate beyond the limits of urban areas, and either connect similarly sized cities, or metropolitan cities and surrounding towns/cities, outside at the outer rim of a suburban belt.

The following list excludes passenger train services provided by Indian Railways.

System  | Metro Area  | Stations  | Length  | Planned Stations  | Planned Length  | Operator(s)  | Opened

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Delhi–Meerut RRTS | NCR | 11  | 55 km  | 25  | 82.15 km (51.05 mi)  | NCRTC | 20 October 2023 (priority corridor)[145][146]

### Systems in development

[edit]

As of 17 November 2023

Under construction
Approved
Proposed

System  | State / Union Territory  | Stations  | Length  | Planned Opening

|
|
|
|

Delhi–Alwar RRTS | Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan | 22  | 199 km (124 mi)  | 2030[147]
Delhi–Panipat RRTS | Delhi and Haryana | 15  | 103 km (64 mi)  | 2028[148]
Delhi–Rohtak RRTS | Delhi and Haryana |  | 70 km (43 mi)  | 2032
Delhi–Palwal RRTS | Delhi and Haryana |  | 60 km (37 mi)  | 2032
Ghaziabad–Bulandshahr-Khurja RRTS  | Uttar Pradesh |  | 83 km (52 mi)  | 2032
Ghaziabad–Hapur RRTS  | Uttar Pradesh |  | 57 km (35 mi)  | 2032
Hyderabad–Warangal RRTS  | Telangana |  | TBD  | TBD[149]
Hyderabad–Vijayawada RRTS  | Telangana and Andhra Pradesh |  | TBD  | TBD[149]
Vijaywada–Amaravati–Guntur–Tenali semi-high speed circular railway  | Andhra Pradesh |  | TBD  | TBD[150]

## Monorail

[edit]

The Mumbai Monorail is the only operational Monorail system in India.

The Mumbai Monorail, which opened on 2 February 2014, is the first and only operational monorail system used for urban transit in India.[151] Many other Indian cities had planned monorail projects, as a feeder system to the metro, but after the Mumbai monorail failed with multiple issues, other cities are considering using light rail instead.[17][15]

System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Lines  | Stations  | Length  | Opened  | Annual Ridership (in millions)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Mumbai Monorail | Mumbai | Maharashtra | 1  | 17  | 19.53 km (12.14 mi)  | 2 February 2014[13] | 1.2

### Systems in development

[edit]

Approved

Proposed

System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Lines  | Stations  | Length  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|

Ahmedabad-Dholera SIR Monorail  |

* Dholera
* Ahmedabad

| Gujarat | 1  | 7  | 40.3 km (25.0 mi)  | Approved in January 2021. Set to open three or four years after commencement of construction.[152][153]
Warangal Monorail | Warangal | Telangana | 1  | TBD  | 15 km (9.3 mi)  | Metro or Metro

Neo is under consideration.[154]

Aizawl Monorail | Aizawl | Mizoram | 1  | TBD  | 5 km (3.1 mi)  | On paper since 2012.[155]

### Abandoned systems

[edit]

Defunct
Replaced with other modes

System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Length  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Skybus Metro | Madgaon | Goa | 1.60 km (0.99 mi)  | Defunct and Scrapped after the operation. Deemed unsafe by KRC.[156]
Chennai Monorail | Chennai | Tamil Nadu | 57 km (35 mi)  | Replaced with Metro.[157]
Coimbatore Monorail | Coimbatore | Tamil Nadu | 44 km (27 mi)  | Replaced with Metro Project.
Kolkata Monorail | Kolkata | West Bengal | 177 km (110 mi)  | New Town route was converted into a Ropeway & Light Rail/Tram project.[158]
Kanpur Monorail | Kanpur | Uttar Pradesh | 63 km (39 mi)  | Scrapped in favour of Metro system[159]
Madurai Monorail | Madurai | Tamil Nadu | TBD  | Monorail is replaced with Metro Project.[160]
Tiruchirappalli Monorail | Tiruchirapalli | Tamil Nadu | TBD  | Monorail proposal is replaced with Metro Proposal.[161][162]
Thiruvananthapuram Monorail | Thiruvananthapuram | Kerala | TBD  | Monorail Proposal was replaced with Metro Proposal

## Light rail

[edit]

Main article: Metrolite

For Metro Neo, see List of bus rapid transit systems in India § Trolleybus.

Light rail transit (LRT) or popularly known as Metrolite in India, is a form of urban rail transit characterized by a combination of rapid transit and tram systems. It usually operates at a higher capacity than trams, and often on an exclusive right-of-way similar to rapid transit. Several tier-2 cities in India use light rail.

Approved
Proposed

System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Lines  | Stations  | Length  | Type  | Planned opening

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Jammu Metro | Jammu | Jammu and Kashmir | 2  | 40  | 43.50 km (27.03 mi)  | 25 kV AC railway electrification | 2026
Srinagar Metro | Srinagar | Jammu and Kashmir | 2  | 24  | 25 km (16 mi)  | 25 kV AC railway electrification | 2026
Kozhikode Light Metro | Kozhikode | Kerala | 1  | 14  | 13.30 km (8.26 mi)  | 25 kV AC railway electrification | TBD[163]
Chennai Light Rail | Chennai | Tamil Nadu | 1  | TBD  | 15.50 km (9.63 mi)  | 25 kV AC railway electrification | TBD
Gorakhpur Metro | Gorakhpur | Uttar Pradesh | 2  | 27  | 27.41 km (17.03 mi)  | 25 kV AC railway electrification | 2024[164][165]
Raipur Metro | Raipur | Chhattisgarh | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | 25 kV AC railway electrification | TBD[166]
Delhi Metrolite | Delhi | Delhi | 2  | 37  | 40.88 km (25.40 mi)  | 25 kV AC railway electrification[167] | 2026[168]
Jamnagar Metro  | Jamnagar | Gujarat | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD[169]
Bhavnagar Metro  | Bhavnagar | Gujarat | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD[169]
Madurai Metro | Madurai | Tamil Nadu | 3[170] | 41  |

91 km (57 mi)[170]

| 25 kV AC railway electrification | 2027[170]
Bareilly Metro | Bareilly | Uttar Pradesh | 1  | 10  | 20 km (12 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[171]
Varanasi Metro | Varanasi | Uttar Pradesh | 2  | 26  | 29.23 km (18.16 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[172]
Prayagraj Metrolite | Prayagraj | Uttar Pradesh | 2  | 39  | 42 km (26 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[173]
Jhansi Metro  | Jhansi | Uttar Pradesh | 2  | 17  | 18 km (11 mi)  | TBD  | TBD[174]
Mathura Metrolite | Mathura | Uttar Pradesh | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD[175]
Ayodhya Metrolite | Ayodhya | Uttar Pradesh | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD  | TBD[175]

## Tram

[edit]

Main article: Trams in India

The Kolkata Tram built in 1873, the only tram in India still operational. Used also as a heritage ride beside being urban transit

In addition to trains, trams were introduced in many cities in the late 19th century, though almost all of these were phased out. The Kolkata Tram is currently the only tram system in the country. Due to construction of Kolkata Metro's Green Line from Salt Lake to Howrah, just 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) of Tramline is operational in Kolkata.

System  | City  | State / Union Territory  | Lines  | Stops  | Length  | Opened

|
|
|
|
|
|

Kolkata Tram | Kolkata | West Bengal | 2  | N/A  | 14 km (8.7 mi)  | 1873[176]

### System in development

[edit]

System  | Locale  | State / Union Territory  | Lines  | Stations  | Length  | Type

|
|
|
|
|
|

Kochi Tram  | Kochi | Kerala | 1  | TBD  | 6.2 km (3.9 mi)  | TBD[177]

### Abandoned systems

[edit]

The now-defunct Tram network in Chennai operated by The Madras Electric Tramway Company from 1892 to 1953.

Defunct

System  | City  | State / Union Territory  | Lines  | Stops  | Length  | Opened  | Discontinued

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Bhavnagar Tram | Bhavnagar | Gujarat |  |  |  | 1926  | 1960s
Chennai Tram | Chennai | Tamil Nadu |  |  |  | 1892  | 1953
Delhi Tram | Delhi | Delhi |  |  |  | 1908  | 1963
Kanpur Tram | Kanpur | Uttar Pradesh |  |  | 6.04 km (3.75 mi)  | 1907  | 16 May 1933
Kochi Tram | Kochi | Kerala |  |  |  | 1907  | 1963
Mumbai Tram | Mumbai | Maharashtra |  |  |  | 1873  | 1964
Nashik Tram | Nashik | Maharashtra | 1  |  | 10 km (6.2 mi)  | 1889  | 1931
Patna Tram | Patna | Bihar |  |  |  |  | 1903

## Standardisation

[edit]

### Track gauge

[edit]

Unlike Broad gauge which form majority of the railway tracks in the sub-continent, metro rail lines in India are of mainly standard gauge. Projects like the Kolkata Metro and Delhi Metro used broad gauge for their earliest lines, but to procure modern foreign rakes and to adopt international standard, India went ahead with standard gauge for all the following lines.[178]

### NCMC

[edit]

Main article: National Common Mobility Card

Part of the 'One Nation, One Card' policy of the Government of India, the National Common Mobility Card is an inter-operable transport card that enables users to pay for multiple kinds of transport charges like metros and buses, as well as do other things like retail shopping and money withdrawal.[179][180] It is enabled through the RuPay card mechanism. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs have been working on the card since 2006, when it was envisaged as a cashless fare payment system in accordance with the National Urban Transport Policy, 2006 (NUTP-2006). Its aim was to provide seamless connectivity to passengers across transit systems, leading to convenience, higher digital payments penetration, savings on closed loop card lifecycle management cost, and reduced operating cost.[181][182]

## Manufacturing

[edit]

There are multiple metro manufacturers in India. Under the Union Government's Make in India program, about 75% of the rolling stock procured for use on Indian metro systems are required to be manufactured in India.[183]

Company  | Customer  | Total coaches

|
|

BEML[184][185] | Delhi Metro | 1,444
Mumbai Metro | 576
Namma Metro | 300
Kolkata Metro | 102
Jaipur Metro | 40
BEML Total  | 5  | 2,462
Bombardier[186][187][188] | Delhi Metro | 816
Agra Metro | 87
Kanpur Metro | 114
Meerut Metro | 30
Bombardier Total  | 4  | 1,047
Alstom[189] | Chennai Metro | 286
Kochi Metro | 75
Lucknow Metro | 80
Mumbai Metro | 248
Delhi Metro | 312
Indore Metro | 75
Bhopal Metro | 81
Pune Metro | 66
Meerut Metro | 4
Delhi Meerut RRTS | 80
Alstom Total  | 8  | 1,223
Hyundai Rotem[190][191][192][193][194] | Delhi Metro | 486
Ahmedabad Metro | 96
Namma Metro | 150
Hyderabad Metro | 171
Hyundai Rotem Total  | 4  | 903
ICF[citation needed] | Kolkata Metro | 1072
ICF Total  | 1  | 1072
Titagarh Rail Systems[195][196] | Namma Metro | 216
Pune Metro | 102
Surat Metro | 72
Titagarh Total  | 3  | 390
CRRC[197][198][199][200][201][202] | Namma Metro | 216
Rapid Metro Gurgaon | 36
Kolkata Metro | 112
Mumbai Metro | 48
Nagpur Metro | 69
Noida Metro | 76
Navi Mumbai Metro | 24
CRRC Total  | 7  | 581
7  | 20  | 7678

## Summary

[edit]

### Northern Region

[edit]

#### Delhi NCR

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Delhi Metro | Locale | Delhi |

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Airport Express

Phase 4
7 Western extension (Maujpur)
8 Western extension (RK Ashram)
New Lines

|  | DMRCL
Began operation | 24 December 2002; 22 years ago (24 December 2002)
Lines in operation | 9
No. of stations | 255
Network length | 348.12 km (216 mi)
Ridership | 1.79 billion (2019)

Delhi Suburban Railway | Locale | Delhi |

Ring Line

|  |  | Delhi EMU
Began operation | 1975; 50 years ago (1975)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 21
Network length | 35 km (22 mi)
Ridership | 44,400 (2019)

Delhi Regional Rapid Transit | Locale | National Capital Region |  |

Delhi–Meerut

|  | NCRTC
Began operation | 2023; 2 years ago (2023)
Lines in operation | 0 (1 UC)
No. of stations | 51
Network length | 349 km (217 mi)
Ridership | NA

Noida Metro | Locale | Noida |

Aqua Line

|  |  | NMRC
Began operation | 29 December 2019; 5 years ago (29 December 2019)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 21
Network length | 29.7 km (18 mi)
Ridership | 0.58 million(2022)

Rapid Metro Gurgaon | Locale | Gurgaon |

|  |  | Kol Metro
Began operation | 14 November 2013; 11 years ago (14 November 2013)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 11
Network length | 12.85 km (8 mi)
Ridership | 0.19 million(2018)

#### Rajasthan

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Jaipur Metro | Locale | Jaipur |

|  |  | JMRC
Began operation | 3 June 2015; 10 years ago (3 June 2015)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 21
Network length | 11.97 km (7 mi)
Ridership | 7.5 million

### Central Region

[edit]

#### Madhya Pradesh

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Bhoj Metro
(Bhopal)  | Locale | Bhopal |  |

| -- | MPMRCL
Began operation | 2024; 1 year ago (2024)
Lines in operation | 0 (1 UC)
No. of stations | 8
Network length | 6.22 km (4 mi)
Ridership |

Indore Metro | Locale | Indore |  |

| -- | MPMRCL
Began operation | 2024; 1 year ago (2024)
Lines in operation | 0 (1 UC)
No. of stations | 16
Network length | 16.21 km (10 mi)
Ridership |

#### Uttar Pradesh

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Lucknow Metro | Locale | Lucknow |

|  |  | UPMRC
Began operation | 5 September 2017; 7 years ago (5 September 2017)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 21
Network length | 22.878 km (14 mi)
Ridership | 22 million

Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway | Locale | Uttar Pradesh |

Lucknow–Kanpur Kanpur–Lucknow

|  | -- |
Began operation | 1867; 158 years ago (1867)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 16
Network length |

37 km (23 mi)

Ridership |

Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway | Locale | Uttar Pradesh |

Barabanki–Lucknow Lucknow–Barabanki

|  | -- |
Began operation | 30 June 2013; 12 years ago (30 June 2013)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 10
Network length |

72 km (45 mi)

Ridership |

Kanpur Metro | Locale | Kanpur |

| Expansion

1 Eastern extension (Naubasta)

|  | UPMRC
Began operation | 28 December 2021; 3 years ago (28 December 2021)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 9
Network length | 8.98 km (6 mi)
Ridership | \-

Agra Metro | Locale | Agra |

|  |  | UPMRC
Began operation | 2024; 1 year ago (2024)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 27
Network length | 29.65 km (18 mi)
Ridership | \-

### Western Region

[edit]

#### Gujarat

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Ahmedabad Metro | Locale | Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, GIFT City |

1 2 3 4

Expansion
3 4

|  | GMRC
Began operation | 4 March 2019; 6 years ago (4 March 2019)
Lines in operation | 4
No. of stations | 47
Network length | 58.87 km (37 mi)
Ridership | 4 million (2024)

Surat Metro | Locale | Surat |  |

1 2

| -- | GMRC
Began operation | 2027; 2 years' time (2027)
Lines in operation | 0 (2 UC)
No. of stations | 38
Network length | 40.35 km (25 mi)
Ridership |

#### Maharashtra

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Mumbai Metro | Locale | Mumbai Metropolitan Region |

1 2 3 7

Expansion
2 Southern extension (Mankhurd)
3 Southern extension (Cuffe Parade)
7 Southern extension (CSMIA)
New Lines
4 5 6 9 12

|  | MMRDA
Began operation | 8 June 2014; 11 years ago (8 June 2014)
Lines in operation | 4
No. of stations | 51
Network length | 59.5 km (37 mi)
Ridership | 0.54 million (2019)

Mumbai Suburban Railway | Locale | Mumbai Metropolitan Region |

Central Harbour Port Trans-Harbour Vasai Rd.–Roha Western

|  |  | Central Railway
Western Railway
Began operation | 16 April 1853; 172 years ago (16 April 1853)
Lines in operation | 7
No. of stations | 150
Network length | 427.5 km (266 mi)
Ridership | 2.92 billion (2019)

Mumbai Monorail | Locale | Mumbai |

|  | -- | MMRDA
Began operation | 2 February 2014; 11 years ago (2 February 2014)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 27
Network length | 19.54 km (12 mi)
Ridership |

Navi Mumbai Metro | Locale | Navi Mumbai Metro |

|  |  | CIDCO
Began operation | 17 November 2023; 20 months ago (17 November 2023)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 11
Network length |

11.10 km (7 mi)

Ridership |

Pune Metro | Locale | Pune Metropolitan Region |

1 2

Expansion
1 Southern extension (Swargate)
2 Eastern extension (Ramwadi)
New Line

|  | PMR
Began operation | 6 March 2022; 3 years ago (6 March 2022)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 27
Network length |

19.54 km (12 mi)

Ridership |

Pune Suburban Railway | Locale | Pune Metropolitan Region |

Pune–Lonavala Pune–Baramati

|  | -- |
Began operation | 11 March 1978; 47 years ago (11 March 1978)
Lines in operation | 2
No. of stations | 37
Network length |

63 km (39 mi)

Ridership |

Nagpur Metro | Locale | Nagpur |

1 2

|  |  | metrorailnagpur
Began operation | 8 March 2019; 6 years ago (8 March 2019)
Lines in operation | 2
No. of stations | 36
Network length |

40 km (25 mi)

Ridership | 0.73 (million)

### Eastern Region

[edit]

#### Odisha

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Bhubaneswar Metro | Locale | Bhubaneswar |  |

New Lines

| -- | BMRCL
Began operation | 2028; 3 years' time (2028)
Lines in operation | 0 (1 UC)
No. of stations | 20
Network length | 26.024 km (16 mi)
Ridership |

#### West Bengal

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Kolkata Metro | Locale | Kolkata metropolitan area |

1 2 3 6

Expansion
2 Central extension (Esplanade - Sealdah)
3 Northern extension (Esplanade)
6 Northern extension (Jai Hind (Kolkata airport))
New Lines

|  | KMRC
Began operation | 24 October 1984; 40 years ago (24 October 1984)
Lines in operation | 4
No. of stations | 52
Network length | 59.38 km (37 mi)
Ridership | 1.952 billion

Kolkata Suburban Railway | Locale | Kolkata metropolitan area |

Chord link Circular Eastern South Eastern Sealdah South

|  |  | South Eastern Railway
Eastern Railway
Began operation | 15 August 1854; 170 years ago (15 August 1854)
Lines in operation | 5
No. of stations | 458
Network length |

1,501 km (933 mi)

Ridership | 2.1 billion (2019)

Trams in Kolkata | Locale | Kolkata |

Gariahat–Esplanade Shyambazar–Esplanade 15 Routes non-operational due to ongoing  Green construction

|  | -- |
Began operation | 24 February 1873; 152 years ago (24 February 1873)
Lines in operation | 2
No. of stations | N/A
Network length |

14 km (9 mi)

Ridership | 15 thousand

#### Bihar

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Patna Metro | Locale | Patna |  |

New Lines

| -- | PMRC, DMRC
Began operation | 2025; 0 years ago (2025)
Lines in operation | 1 (2 UC)
No. of stations | 26
Network length | 33.91 km (21 mi)
Ridership |

### Southern Region

[edit]

#### Karnataka

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Namma Metro
(Bengaluru)  | Locale | Bengaluru |

1 2 3

New Lines
4 5 6 7 8

|  | BMRC
Began operation | 20 October 2011; 13 years ago (20 October 2011)
Lines in operation | 3
No. of stations | 85
Network length | 96.10 km (60 mi)
Ridership | 232.8 million (2023)

Bengaluru Suburban Railway | Locale | Bangalore Metropolitan Region |  |

New Lines
Sampige Mallige Parijaata Kanaka

|  | K-Ride
Began operation | 2026; 1 year's time (2026)
Lines in operation | 0 (2 UC)
No. of stations | 59
Network length | 160.45 km (100 mi)
Ridership | NA

#### Kerala

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Kochi Metro | Locale | Kochi |

|  |  | KMRC
Began operation | 17 June 2017; 8 years ago (17 June 2017)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 24
Network length | 27.4 km (17 mi)
Ridership | 20 million

#### Tamil Nadu

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Chennai Metro | Locale | Chennai |

1 2

Expansion
1 Southern extension (Kilambakkam)
New Lines
3 4 5

|  | CMRL
Began operation | 29 June 2015; 10 years ago (29 June 2015)
Lines in operation | 2
No. of stations | 42
Network length | 54.65 km (34 mi)
Ridership | 0.8 billion

Chennai MRTS | Locale | Chennai |

Chennai Beach-Velachery

Expansion towards North
Velachery-St.Thomas Mount

|  | CMDA
Began operation | 1 November 1995; 29 years ago (1 November 1995)
Lines in operation | 1
No. of stations | 18
Network length |

19.34 km (12 mi)

Ridership | 164.25 million

Chennai Suburban Railway | Locale | Chennai |

North Line West Line West-North Line West-South Line South Line South-West Line Chennai MRTS Circular Line

|  |  | SR
Began operation | 1931; 94 years ago (1931)
Lines in operation | 8
No. of stations | 300+
Network length |

1,200 km (746 mi)

Ridership | 912.57 million

#### Telangana

[edit]

System  | Information  | Currently operational  | Currently under construction  | Map  | Website

|
|
|
|
|

Hyderabad Metro | Locale | Hyderabad |

1 2 3

|  |  | HMRL
Began operation | 29 November 2017; 7 years ago (29 November 2017)
Lines in operation | 3
No. of stations | 57
Network length | 67.21 km (42 mi)
Ridership | 178 million

Hyderabad MMTS | Locale | Hyderabad |

HF Line HL Line FL Line SF Line SB Line

|  | -- |
Began operation | 9 August 2003; 22 years ago (9 August 2003)
Lines in operation | 5
No. of stations | 44
Network length | 90 km (56 mi)
Ridership | 0.8 billion

## See also

[edit]

* India portal
* Railways portal
* Transport portal

* Urban rail transit
* List of metro systems
* List of monorail systems
* List of tram and light rail transit systems
* List of suburban and commuter rail systems
* List of bus rapid transit systems in India
* Rail transport in India
* List of railway lines in India
* High-speed rail in India
* List of high-speed railway lines in India
* Dedicated freight corridors in India
* Aerial lift in India

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ There are a total 257 transfer stations. If transfer stations are counted only once, the number comes down to 232 stations as there are 23 transfer stations serving two lines and one station serving three lines. Stations of Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted as well. If stations of Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are to be included with the 257 stations, a total of 289 stations exist.[11]

1. ^ Total ridership figures from April 2023 to March 2024
2. ^ The lengths of the Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted with the Delhi Metro. If they were counted, the total length of the three systems would be 392.448 km (243.856 mi).
3. ^ From 2019 onwards the DMRC changed the ridership calculation to count every trip taken by a passenger on a line. This means that a passenger that takes 2 connections will count 3 times towards ridership. This is different from the more standard practice of counting entire journeys applied in other metro systems. Therefore, Delhi metro reports approximately 55% higher ridership when compared to similar transit systems worldwide.
4. ^ The figure of 147,984,025 reflects the total monthly ridership for FY 2024–25 (April 2024 – March 2025), compiled using actual data as the report was published post-fiscal year.
5. ^ Figure extrapolated from a sum of average daily ridership figures of lines 1 (3,54,610), 2A & 7 (1,80,726.37) over a year as mentioned in the cited reports
6. ^ Figure extrapolated from 75,000 average daily ridership figures over a year as mentioned in the cited report
7. ^ Total figures from November 2023 to January 2024

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193. ^ "Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited could double number of metro coaches". The Economic Times. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2024. "In the first phase of acquisition, BMRCL purchased 50 three-coach trains for a sum of Rs 1,700 crore. While the first five were built by Hyundai Rotem, Korea, the rest were manufactured in India by BRMM -a consortium of BEML, Hyundai Rotem, Mitsubishi Electric and Mitsubishi Corporation."
194. ^ Amirapu, Deepika (11 September 2012). "L&T awards Hyderabad Metro Rail rolling stock contract to Hyundai Rotem". The Economic Times. Retrieved 12 January 2024. "For the Hyderabad Metro Rail Project, a total of 171 cars (57 trains) have been ordered for a total value of Rs 1,800 crore approximately."
195. ^ Dixit, Sameer; Srivastava, Ritesh K (15 August 2019). "Indian multinational Titagarh Firema wins bid for supply of 102 Aluminium bodied metro rail coaches". Zee News. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
196. ^ www.ETInfra.com. "Titagarh Rail Systems bags Rs 857 cr order for Surat Metro Rail - ET Infra". ETInfra.com. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
197. ^ "First train of Namma Metro's Yellow Line rolls out from China". The Hindu. 20 November 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024. "In 2019, a Chinese company obtained a ₹1,578-crore contract to deliver 216 coaches to BMRCL."
198. ^ "CSR Zhuzhou to supply Gurgaon trains". Railway Gazette International. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
199. ^ "Evolution of Kolkata Metro Rakes". mtp.indianrailways.gov.in. Metro Railway Kolkata. 28 March 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024. "Keeping pace with technological advancement and with the aim of providing more comfort to commuters, one China-made CRRC Dalian rake (MR-500 series) has been inducted in the Metro fleet on 17.03.2023. 13 such rakes will be procured for the Metro fleet in the near future."
200. ^ Jog, Sanjay (15 October 2016). "China Railway Rolling Stock Corp bags Rs 851 cr Nagpur Metro contract". business-standard.com. Business Standard. Retrieved 13 January 2024. "China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC) has bagged the contract for the supply of 69 coaches to the Nagpur Metro, by beating BEML and Titaghar Wagon with the lowest bid of Rs 851 crore."
201. ^ "CRRC metro train delivered in a satellite town of Indian capital". crrcgc.cc. CRRC. 5 December 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2024. "The purchase order covers 19 complete vehicles (76 cars in all), the train is made of stainless steel, and comprises 2 motor train units, 2 trailers, and applies 4 marshalling units, and has a total passenger capacity of 1,034 persons. This is the second major purchase order of CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd. in India market after Mumbai Metro Line 1."
202. ^ Newton, Jonathan (28 November 2023). "Navi Mumbai opens first metro line eight years late". railjournal.com. International Rail Journal. Retrieved 13 January 2024. "While only eight three-car CRRC trains are currently being operate, Navi Mumbai's new metro has already become a great success, carrying over 100,000 passengers during its first 10 days in operation."

## External links

[edit]

* Government webpage
* Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs

* v
* t
* e

Urban rail transit in India

Suburban
rail|

| Operational|

* Chennai Suburban Railway
* Delhi Suburban Railway
* Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System
* Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System
* Kolkata Suburban Railway
* Lucknow
* Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway
* Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway
* Mumbai Suburban Railway
* Pune Suburban Railway

|

Under
construction

* Bengaluru Suburban Railway
* Delhi–Alwar Regional Rapid Transit System

Planned|

* Ahmedabad Suburban Railway
* Nagpur broad-gauge Metro

Proposed|

* Delhi–Sonipat–Panipat Regional Rapid Transit System

Rapid
transit|

| Operational|

* Agra Metro
* Ahmedabad Metro
* Bengaluru Metro
* Chennai Metro
* Chennai MRTS
* Delhi Metro
* Hyderabad Metro
* Indore Metro
* Jaipur Metro
* Kanpur Metro
* Kochi Metro
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* Mumbai Metro
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* Noida Metro
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* Rapid Metro Gurgaon

|

Under
construction|

* Bhoj Metro (Bhopal)
* Patna Metro
* Surat Metro
* Bhubaneswar Metro
* Meerut Metro

Planned|

* Chandigarh Metro
* Coimbatore Metro
* Gorakhpur Metro
* Guwahati Metro
* Jabalpur Metro
* Ludhiana Metro
* Madurai Metro
* Thiruvananthapuram Metro
* Varanasi Metro

Proposed|

* Bareilly Metro
* Jammu Metro
* Ranchi Metro
* Srinagar Metro
* Thane Metro
* Trichy Metro
* Warangal Metro

Monorail|

| Operational|

* Mumbai Monorail

|

Proposed|

* Aizawl Monorail
* Indore Monorail
* Kanpur Monorail
* Patna Monorail
* Warangal Monorail

Cancelled|

* Bengaluru Monorail
* Chennai Monorail
* Kolkata Monorail
* Pune Monorail
* Tiruchirappalli Monorail
* Goa Skybus Metro

Metrolite|

| Planned|

* Gorakhpur Metro
* Greater Nashik Metro
* Kolkata Light Rail Transit
* Kozhikode Light Metro

|

Proposed|

* Prayagraj Metro
* Uttarakhand Metro

Cancelled|

* Chennai Metrolite
* Delhi Metrolite

Tram|

| Operational|

* Kolkata Tram

|

Defunct|

* Bhavnagar Tram
* Chennai Tram
* Delhi Tram
* Kanpur Tram
* Kochi Tram
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* v
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Rapid transit in Asia

Sovereign states|

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* Thailand
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* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

* v
* t
* e

Transport in India

Road|

* Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
* National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
* National Highways Development Project (NHDP)
* National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL)
* Expressways
* National highways
* list
* State highways
* Bus rapid transit
* Motor Vehicles Act
* 1988
* Traffic collisions
* Land Ports Authority of India

Rail|

* Ministry of Railways
* Indian Railways
* Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India
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* National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited
* High-speed rail
* Suburban rail
* Rapid transit
* Light rail
* Monorail
* Tram
* List of railway lines
* List of railway stations
* Railways Act, 1989
* Rail accidents and incidents

Air|

* Ministry of Civil Aviation
* Directorate General of Civil Aviation
* Airports Authority of India
* List of airlines
* List of airports

Water|

* Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
* Shipping Corporation of India
* Inland Waterways Authority of India
* List of national waterways in India
* List of ports
* National Waterways Act, 2016

Places|

| States|

| Andhra Pradesh|

* Eluru
* Vijayawada
* Visakhapatnam

|

Karnataka|

* Bengaluru
* Mangaluru

Kerala|

* Kochi
* Kollam
* Thiruvananthapuram
* Thrissur

Maharashtra|

* Mumbai
* Nagpur
* Pune

Tamil Nadu|

* Chennai
* Coimbatore
* Madurai
* Tiruchirappalli

Telangana|

* Hyderabad

West Bengal|

* Darjeeling
* Kolkata

Other|

* AR
* AS
* BR
* CT
* GA
* GJ
* HR
* HP
* JK
* JH
* MP
* MN
* ML
* MZ
* NL
* OD
* PB
* RJ
* SK
* TR
* UP
* UT

Union territories|

* AN
* CH
* DN
* DD
* DL
* LD
* PY

Related|

* Regional Transport Office (RTO)
* List of RTOs
* Licence plates
* Driving licence
* Road signs
* Speed limits

* v
* t
* e

Indian Railways

Authority|

* Ministry of Railways
* Rail Bhavan
* Railway Board

Related
organisations|

* Central Organisation for Modernisation of Workshops (COFMOW)
* Central Organisation for Railway Electrification (CORE)
* Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS)
* Commission of Railway Safety (CRS)
* Container Corporation of India (CCI)
* Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL)
* High Speed Rail Corporation of India Limited (HSRI)
* Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC)
* Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC)
* Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation (IRSDC)
* Ircon International (IRCON)
* Konkan Railway Corporation (KRC)
* Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation (MRVC)
* National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL)
* Passenger Amenities Committee (PAC)
* Rail India Technical and Economic Service (RITES)
* Rail Land Development Authority (RLDA)
* Rail Vikas Nigam (RVNL)
* RailTel
* Railway Protection Force (RPF)
* Railway Recruitment Control Board (RRCB)
* Railways Sports Promotion Board (RSPB)
* Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO)

Zones|

* Central
* East Central
* East Coast
* Eastern
* Kolkata Metro
* North Central
* North Eastern
* North Western
* Northeast Frontier
* Northern
* South Central
* South Coast
* South East Central
* South Eastern
* South Western
* Southern
* West Central
* Western

Rolling stock|

| Coaching Stock|

* ICF coach
* LHB coach
* Tejas coach

|

Trainsets|

* Amrit Bharat
* Namo Bharat Rapid Rail
* Multiple units
* Shinkansen
* Vande Bharat
* Vande Bharat Sleeper

* Locomotives
* Wagon Numbering

Manufacturing
units|

* Banaras Locomotive Works
* BEML Limited
* Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
* Bharat Wagon and Engineering
* Braithwaite & Co.
* Burn Standard Company
* Chittaranjan Locomotive Works
* Diesel Locomotive Factory
* Electric Locomotive Factory
* Integral Coach Factory
* Marathwada Rail Coach Factory
* Modern Coach Factory
* Patiala Locomotive Works
* Rail Coach Factory (Kapurthala)
* Rail Coach Factory (Sonipat)
* Rail Wheel Factory
* Rail Wheel Plant
* Titagarh Wagons

Railway
depots|

| Diesel Loco|

* Abu Road
* Alambagh
* Andal
* Bandra
* Bardhaman
* Bhagat Ki Kothi
* Bondamunda
* Coonoor
* Ernakulam
* Erode
* Gandhidham
* Golden Rock
* Gonda
* Gooty
* Guntakal
* Howrah
* Hubli
* Itarsi
* Izzatnagar
* Jamalpur
* Jhansi
* Kalka
* Kalyan
* Kazipet
* Kharagpur
* Krishnarajapuram
* Kurla
* Ludhiana
* Lumding
* Malda Town
* Maula Ali
* Mhow
* Motibagh
* Mughalsarai
* New Guwahati City
* New Katni Jn.
* Patratu
* Pratapnagar
* Pune
* Raipur
* Ratlam
* Sabarmati
* Samastipur
* Shakurbasti
* Siliguri
* Tondiarpet
* Tughlakabad
* Vatva
* Vijayawada
* Visakhapatnam

|

Electric Loco|

* Ajni
* Angul
* Arakkonam
* Asansol
* Barauni
* Bhilai
* Bhusawal
* Bilaspur
* Bokaro Steel City
* Bondamunda
* Erode
* Ghaziabad
* Gomoh
* Gorakhpur
* Guntakal
* Howrah
* Ispat Nagar
* Itarsi
* Jhansi
* Kalyan
* Kanpur
* Kazipet
* Khanalampura
* Lallaguda
* Ludhiana
* Mughalsarai
* Nagpur
* New Katni Jn.
* Rourkela
* Royapuram
* Saharanpur
* Saiyedpur Bhitri
* Tatanagar
* Tughlakabad
* Vadodara
* Valsad
* Vijayawada
* Visakhapatnam

Steam Loco|

* Coonoor
* Rewari

Multiple Unit|

| DEMU/DMU|

* Bangalore
* Budgam
* Gondia
* Jalandhar
* Jamalpur
* Motibagh
* Maula Ali
* Shakurbasti
* Vijayawada

|

EMU|

* Avadi
* Bandel
* Barasat
* Ghaziabad
* Howrah
* Kalwa
* Kandivali
* Kharagpur
* Kurla
* Maula Ali
* Mumbai Central
* Narkeldanga
* Panskura
* Ranaghat
* Saharanpur
* Sanpada
* Sonarpur
* Tambaram
* Tikiapara
* Velachery
* Virar

MEMU|

* Asansol
* Bhilai
* Kanpur
* Kollam
* Palakkad
* Rajahmundry
* Vadodara

Kolkata Metro|

* Noapara
* Tollygunge
* New Garia
* Central Park
* Joka

Lines|

| Main|

* Chennai–Bangalore
* Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai
* Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai
* Howrah–Chennai
* Howrah–Delhi
* Howrah–Gaya–Delhi
* Mumbai–Chennai
* New Delhi–Chennai
* New Delhi–Mumbai

|

High-speed|

* Mumbai–Ahmedabad (Under construction)

Suburban|

* Chennai MRTS
* Chennai Suburban
* Delhi Suburban
* Pune Suburban
* Hyderabad MMTS
* Kolkata Suburban
* Mumbai Suburban

Mountain|

* Darjeeling
* Kalka-Shimla
* Nilgiri

Passenger
trains|

| Semi-High speed|

* Amrit Bharat Express
* Duronto Express
* Gatimaan Express
* Tejas Express
* Rajdhani Express
* Shatabdi Express
* Vande Bharat Express

|

Premium|

* AC Express
* AC Double Decker Express
* Humsafar Express
* Uday Express

Express|

* Antyodaya Express
* Garib Rath Express
* Intercity Express
* Jan Sadharan Express
* Jan Shatabdi Express
* Mahamana Express
* Sampark Kranti Express
* Suvidha Express
* Rajya Rani Express
* Vivek Express
* Yuva Express

Luxury|

* Deccan Odyssey
* Fairy Queen
* Golden Chariot
* Mahaparinirvan Express
* Maharajas' Express
* Palace on Wheels
* Ramayana Express
* Royal Orient
* Royal Rajasthan on Wheels
* Village on Wheels

Special|

* Lifeline Express
* Red Ribbon Express
* Science Express

Others|

* Passenger trains
* Namo Bharat Rapid Rail

Stations|

| Major|

| Chennai|

* Chennai Central
* Chennai Egmore
* Tambaram

|

Delhi|

* Delhi Jn.
* Hazrat Nizamuddin
* New Delhi

Kolkata|

* Howrah
* Howrah South
* Sealdah

Mumbai|

* Dadar
* Kalyan Jn.
* Mumbai Central
* Mumbai CSMT
* Mumbai LTT
* Panvel
* Thane

Others|

* Ahmedabad Jn.
* Gorakhpur Jn.
* KSR Bengaluru
* Patna Jn.
* Pune Jn.
* Secunderabad Jn.
* Surat
* Vijayawada Jn.
* Visakhapatnam Jn.

Others|

* Junctions
* Metro

Training
institutes|

* Indian Railways Institute of Civil Engineering (IRICEN)
* Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering (IRICEE)
* Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (IRIMEE)
* Indian Railways Institute of Signal Engineering and Telecommunications (IRISET)
* Indian Railways Track Machine Training Centre (IRTMTC)
* National Academy of Indian Railways (NAIR)
* National Rail and Transportation Institute (NRTI)
* Jagjivan Ram Railway Protection Force Academy (JRRPFA)

Trade unions|

* All India Railwaymen's Federation (AIRF)
* All India Station Masters' Association (AISMA)
* Konkan Railway Corporation Employees Union (KRCEU)

Related articles|

* Accidents
* Anti-collision device
* Kavach
* Future
* Diamond Quadrilateral
* History of Rail Transport
* Last vehicle board
* Railway budget
* Railway schools
* Train Warning System
* Urban Rail Transit

* Category

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