Urla Clashes

Coordinates: 38°19′N 26°45′E﻿ / ﻿38.317°N 26.750°E﻿ / 38.317; 26.750

Urla clashes

Part of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)

Greek soldiers disembarking in Smyrna (May 1919)
| Date| 16–17 May 1919

|

Location|

Urla

Result|

Greek victory

Greek army enters Urla
Belligerents
Greece|  Kuva-yi Milliye
Commanders and leaders
|  Lieutenant colonel Kazım Bey¹
Strength
800 irregular Greeks[1]
2 Greek army companies[2]|  25 soldiers and gendarmeries[2]
120 militia men[3]
1: 173. regiment commander, 2: 173. regiment soldiers

* v
* t
* e

Turkish War of
Independence

Greco-Turkish War

* 1st Smyrna
* Occupation
* Urla
* Malgaç
* Bergama
* Erbeyli
* Erikli
* Tellidede
* Aydın
* Akbaş
* 1920 Summer Offensive
* Gediz
* 1st İnönü
* 2nd İnönü
* Kütahya–Eskişehir
* Sakarya
* Great Offensive
* Dumlupınar
* 2nd Smyrna

Turkish–Armenian War

* Oltu
* Sarikamish
* Kars
* Alexandropol

Franco-Turkish War

* Marash
* Urfa
* Aintab
* Karboğazı
* Kaç Kaç
* Kovanbaşı
* Kanlıgeçit
* Fadıl

Revolts

* Ahmet Anzavur
* İzmit
* Geyve
* Yozgat
* Konya
* Koçgiri

Naval

* Samsun

Other

* Şehzadebaşı raid
* Chanak Crisis

Urla Clashes were a series of clashes in Urla (now a district center of İzmir Province, Turkey) during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). After the Greek landing at İzmir, the Greek army advanced and occupied Bornova and Karşıyaka. After that, it advanced to the Karaburun Peninsula where Urla was situated.

## Prelude[edit]

Incited by the Greek army's presence, about 800 armed local Greeks started to besiege and attack Turkish villages in Urla.[4] The villages of Kuşçular, Kızılcaköy and Devederesi were looted and burnt down.[5] Additionally, a Greek Evzones company, disembarking a torpedo boat, went ashore in Urla and started to occupy Urla.[5]

## Clashes[edit]

At this time, the 173. infantry regiment of the Ottoman 56th division was stationed in Urla. The commander of the regiment was Lieutenant colonel Kazım Bey. The regiment consisted of 100 men, but most of them were scattered around Urla. Kazım Bey had only 25 soldiers and gendarmeries under his command when the attacks commenced. With these 25 men, he managed to repel the irregular Greek attacks.[3] As soon as the local Turkish population heard about these incidents, they entered the arms depot of the town and took the rifles and ammunition. With these rifles and ammunition, they established the first Kuva-yi Milliye unit in western Anatolia, consisting of 120 men.[2] This militia unit joined Kazım Bey's forces. The clashes lasted from 16–17 May. A Greek battleship docked at the Urla pier and unloaded more Greek troops. The arrival of Greek troops, from Smyrna, accompanied by a British officer, ended the clashes on the evening of 17 May.

## Aftermath[edit]

The surrendered Turkish soldiers and gendarmeries were disarmed and arrested.[6] On the other hand, most of the 120 men strong militia unit retreated to the interior of Anatolia. It has been claimed that these clashes in Urla marked the first combined activity between Turkish irregular and regular units in the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922).[2]

## References[edit]

1. ^ Oğuz Gülcan, 2007, page 178.
2. ^ a b c d Baki Sarısakal: Belge ve tanıklarla Samsun'dan Ankara'ya: 19 Mayıs 1919 - 23 Nisan 1920, Issue 1, 2008, ISBN 9759229668, page 213.
3. ^ a b Kadir Kasalak: Kuva-yı Milliye'nin Askeri Açıdan Etüdü, (Atatürk Research Center Journal, issue 42, Edition: XIV, November 1998, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 75. Yılı Özel Sayısı). (in Turkish)
4. ^ A. Munis Armağan: Bozmenderes'ten Bozdağlar'a Kuvayı Milliye, 2005, ISBN 9789759800116, page 52.
5. ^ a b Celâl Bayar: Ben de yazdım, Baha Matbaası, 1968, page 1815.
6. ^ Oğuz Gülcan, 2007, page 179.

## Sources[edit]

* Oğuz Gülcan: BATI ANADOLU’DA KUVAYI MİLLİYENİN OLUŞUMU (1919–1920), Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, 2007, pages 177-179 (Ankara University Open Archive System). (in Turkish)

* v
* t
* e

Turkish War of Independence

Concepts|

* Partition of the Ottoman Empire
* Khilafat Movement
* King–Crane Commission

National
awakening|

* Turkish National Movement
* Karakol society
* Sultanahmet demonstrations
* Amasya Circular
* Erzurum Congress
* Balıkesir Congress
* Alaşehir Congress
* Sivas Congress
* Amasya Protocol
* Grand National Assembly

Elections|

* Ottoman Parliament (1919)
* Grand National Assembly (1920)
* Grand National Assembly (1923)

Issues|

* Amasya trials
* United States during the Turkish War of Independence
* Bombardment of Samsun
* Chanak Crisis
* Fire of Manisa
* Burning of Smyrna
* Responsibility
* Kaç Kaç incident
* Malta exiles
* Media
* Menemen massacre
* Personae non gratae
* Population exchange
* Samsun deportations
* Yalova Peninsula massacres

Campaigns|

| British (Allies)|

* Constantinople
* Şehzadebaşı raid
* Summer Offensive of 1920 (British)
* Battle of Derbent (British)
* Chanak Crisis

|

Revolts|

* Koçgiri rebellion
* Konya rebellion
* Kuva-yi Inzibatiye
* Battle of Geyve
* Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur
* Yozgat

Armenia|

* Oltu
* Sarıkamış
* Kars
* Alexandropol

French|

* Marash
* Urfa
* Aintab
* Karboğazı
* Kaç Kaç
* Kovanbaşı
* Kanlıgeçit
* Fadıl

Greek|

* Smyrna, 1919 (Occupation)
* Urla
* Malgaç
* Bergama
* Erbeyli
* Erikli
* Tellidede
* Aydın
* Akbaş
* Summer Offensive of 1920
* Gediz
* 1st İnönü
* 2nd İnönü
* Eskişehir
* Sakarya
* Great Offensive
* Dumlupınar
* Capture of Smyrna

Agreements|

| Allies|

* Conference of London
* San Remo conference
* Paris Peace Conference

|

Ottoman|

* Misak-ı Millî
* Treaty of Sèvres

National
Assembly|

* Treaty of Alexandropol
* Treaty of Moscow
* Conference of London (1920)
* Cilicia Peace Treaty
* Treaty of Ankara
* Treaty of Kars
* Conference of London (1921–1922)
* Armistice of Mudanya
* Conference of Lausanne
* Treaty of Lausanne

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