Ursula K. Le Guin

American author (1929–2018)

Ursula K. Le Guin

Le Guin in 1995

Born| Ursula Kroeber
(1929-10-21)October 21, 1929
Berkeley, California, U.S.
Died| January 22, 2018(2018-01-22) (aged 88)
Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Occupation| Author
Education|

* Radcliffe College (BA)
* Columbia University (MA)

Period| c. 1959–2018
Genre|

* Science fiction
* fantasy
* realistic fiction
* literary criticism
* poetry
* essay

Notable works|

* Earthsea (1964–2018)
* The Left Hand of Darkness (1969)
* The Dispossessed (1974)

Spouse|

Charles Le Guin

(m. 1953)​

Children| 3
Parents|

* Alfred Kroeber
* Theodora Kroeber

Relatives| Karl Kroeber (brother)
Website
www.ursulakleguin.com

Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (/ˈkroʊbər lə ˈɡwɪn/ KROH-bər lə GWIN;[1] née Kroeber; October 21, 1929 – January 22, 2018) was an American author. She is best known for her works of speculative fiction, including science fiction works set in her Hainish universe, and the Earthsea fantasy series. Her work was first published in 1959, and her literary career spanned nearly sixty years, producing more than twenty novels and more than a hundred short stories, in addition to poetry, literary criticism, translations, and children's books. Frequently described as an author of science fiction, Le Guin has also been called a "major voice in American Letters".[2] Le Guin said that she would prefer to be known as an "American novelist".[3]

Le Guin was born in Berkeley, California, to author Theodora Kroeber and anthropologist Alfred Louis Kroeber. Having earned a master's degree in French, Le Guin began doctoral studies but abandoned these after her marriage in 1953 to historian Charles Le Guin. She began writing full-time in the late 1950s, and she achieved major critical and commercial success with the novels A Wizard of Earthsea (1968) and The Left Hand of Darkness (1969); these have been described by Harold Bloom as her masterpieces.[4] For the latter volume, Le Guin won both the Hugo and Nebula awards for best novel, becoming the first woman to do so. Several more works set in Earthsea or the Hainish universe followed; others included books set in the fictional country of Orsinia, several works for children, and many anthologies.

Cultural anthropology, Taoism, feminism, and the writings of Carl Jung all had a strong influence on Le Guin's work. Many of her stories used anthropologists or cultural observers as protagonists, and Taoist ideas about balance and equilibrium have been identified in several writings. Le Guin often subverted typical speculative fiction tropes, such as by writing dark-skinned protagonists in Earthsea, and also used unusual stylistic or structural devices in works such as the experimental Always Coming Home (1985). Social and political themes, including race, gender, sexuality, and coming of age were prominent in her writing. She explored alternative political structures in many stories, such as the philosophical short story "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" (1973) and the anarchist utopian novel The Dispossessed (1974).

Le Guin's writing was enormously influential in the field of speculative fiction and has been the subject of intense critical attention. She received numerous accolades, including eight Hugo Awards, six Nebula Awards, and twenty-five Locus Awards; in 2003, she became the second woman honored as a Grand Master of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. The U.S. Library of Congress named her a Living Legend in 2000, and in 2014, she won the National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. Le Guin influenced many other authors, including the Booker Prize winner Salman Rushdie, David Mitchell, Neil Gaiman, and Iain Banks. After her death in 2018, critic John Clute wrote that Le Guin had "presided over American science fiction for nearly half a century",[5] while author Michael Chabon referred to her as the "greatest American writer of her generation".[6][7]

## Life

[edit]

### Childhood and education

[edit]

Ursula's father, Alfred Kroeber, with Ishi, the last of the Yahi people (1911)

Ursula Kroeber was born in Berkeley, California, on October 21, 1929. Her father, Alfred Louis Kroeber, was an anthropologist at the University of California, Berkeley.[8][9] Le Guin's mother, Theodora Kroeber (born Theodora Covel Kracaw), had a graduate degree in psychology, but turned to writing in her 60s, developing a successful career as an author. Among her works was Ishi in Two Worlds (1961), a biographical volume about Ishi, an Indigenous American who had been studied by Alfred Kroeber. Ishi was the last known member of the Yahi tribe after the rest of its members died or (mostly) were killed by white colonizers.[8][10][11]

Le Guin had three older brothers: Karl, who became a literary scholar, Theodore, and Clifton.[12][13] The family had a large book collection, and the siblings all became interested in reading while they were young.[12] The Kroeber family had a number of visitors, including well-known academics such as Robert Oppenheimer; Le Guin would later use Oppenheimer as the model for Shevek, the physicist protagonist of The Dispossessed.[10][12] The family divided its time between a home in Napa Valley during the summer and a house in Berkeley during the academic year.[10]

Le Guin's reading included science fiction and fantasy: she and her siblings often read issues of Thrilling Wonder Stories and Astounding Science Fiction. She was fond of myths and legends, particularly Norse mythology, and of Native American legends that her father would narrate. Other authors who she enjoyed were Lord Dunsany and Lewis Padgett.[12] In addition to reading, Le Guin also developed an early interest in writing; she wrote a short story when she was nine, and submitted her first short story to Astounding Science Fiction when she was 11. The piece was rejected, and she did not submit anything else for another 10 years.[4][14][15]

Le Guin attended Berkeley High School.[16] She received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Renaissance French and Italian literature from Radcliffe College of Harvard University in 1951, and graduated as a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society.[17] As a child she had been interested in biology and poetry, but had been limited in her choice of career by her difficulties with mathematics.[17] Le Guin undertook graduate studies at Columbia University, and earned a Master of Arts degree in French in 1952.[18] Soon after, she began working towards a PhD, and won a Fulbright grant to continue her studies in France from 1953 to 1954.[10][18]

### Married life and death

[edit]

In 1953, while traveling to France aboard the Queen Mary, Ursula met historian Charles Le Guin.[18] They married in Paris in December 1953.[19] According to Le Guin, the marriage signaled the "end of the doctorate" for her.[18] While her husband finished his doctorate at Emory University in Georgia, and later at the University of Idaho, Le Guin taught French: first at Mercer University, then at the University of Idaho after their move.[20] She also worked as a secretary until the birth of her daughter Elisabeth in 1957.[19] A second daughter, Caroline, was born in 1959.[21] Also in that year, Charles became an instructor in history at Portland State University, and the couple moved to Portland, Oregon, where their son Theodore was born in 1964.[18] They would live in Portland for the rest of their lives,[22] although Le Guin received further Fulbright grants to travel to London in 1968 and 1975.[10]

Le Guin's writing career began in the late 1950s, but the time she spent caring for her children constrained her writing schedule.[18] She would continue writing and publishing for nearly 60 years.[22] She also worked as an editor, and taught undergraduate classes. She served on the editorial boards of the journals Paradoxa and Science Fiction Studies, in addition to writing literary criticism herself.[23] She taught courses at Tulane University, Bennington College, and Stanford University, among other institutions.[22][24]

Le Guin died on January 22, 2018, at her home in Portland, at the age of 88. Her son said that she had been in poor health for several months, and stated that she had likely suffered a heart attack. Private memorial services for her were held in Portland.[9][25] A public memorial service, which included speeches by the writers Margaret Atwood, Molly Gloss, and Walidah Imarisha, was held in Portland on June 13, 2018.[26][27]

### Views and advocacy

[edit]

Further information: Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.

> I think hard times are coming when we will be wanting the voices of writers who can see alternatives to how we live now and can see through our fear-stricken society and its obsessive technologies. We will need writers who can remember freedom. Poets, visionaries – the realists of a larger reality.

—Ursula K. Le Guin[28]

Le Guin refused a Nebula Award for her story "The Diary of the Rose" in 1977, in protest of the Science Fiction Writers of America's revocation of Stanisław Lem's membership. Le Guin attributed the revocation to Lem's criticism of American science fiction and willingness to live in the Eastern Bloc of states, and said she felt reluctant to receive an award "for a story about political intolerance from a group that had just displayed political intolerance".[29][30]

Le Guin once said that she was "raised as irreligious as a jackrabbit". She expressed a deep interest in Taoism and Buddhism, saying that Taoism gave her a "handle on how to look at life" during her adolescent years.[31] In 1997, she published a translation of the Tao Te Ching.[31][32]

In December 2009, Le Guin resigned from the Authors Guild in protest over its endorsement of Google's book digitization project. "You decided to deal with the devil", she wrote in her resignation letter. "There are principles involved, above all the whole concept of copyright; and these you have seen fit to abandon to a corporation, on their terms, without a struggle."[33][34] In a speech at the 2014 National Book Awards, Le Guin criticized Amazon and the control it exerted over the publishing industry, specifically referencing Amazon's treatment of the Hachette Book Group during a dispute over ebook publication. Her speech received widespread media attention within and outside the United States, and was broadcast twice by National Public Radio.[28][35][36]

## Chronology of writings

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### Early work

[edit]

Le Guin's first published work was the poem "Folksong from the Montayna Province" in 1959, while her first published short story was "An die Musik", in 1961; both were set in her fictional country of Orsinia.[37][38] Between 1951 and 1961 she also wrote five novels, all set in Orsinia, which were rejected by publishers on the grounds that they were inaccessible. Some of her poetry from this period was published in 1975 in the volume Wild Angels.[39] Le Guin turned her attention to science fiction after a lengthy period of receiving rejections from publishers, knowing that there was a market for writing that could be readily classified as such.[40] Her first professional publication was the short story "April in Paris" in 1962 in Fantastic Science Fiction,[41] and seven other stories followed in the next few years, in Fantastic or Amazing Stories.[42] Among them were "The Dowry of Angyar", which introduced the fictional Hainish universe,[43] and "The Rule of Names" and "The Word of Unbinding", which introduced the world of Earthsea.[44] These stories were largely ignored by critics.[40]

Ace Books released Rocannon's World, Le Guin's first published novel, in 1966. Two more Hainish novels, Planet of Exile and City of Illusions were published in 1966 and 1967, respectively, and the three books together would come to be known as the Hainish trilogy.[45] The first two were each published as half of an "Ace Double": two novels bound into a paperback and sold as a single low-cost volume.[45] City of Illusions was published as a standalone volume, indicating Le Guin's growing name recognition. These books received more critical attention than Le Guin's short stories, with reviews being published in several science fiction magazines, but the critical response was still muted.[45] The books contained many themes and ideas also present in Le Guin's better known later works, including the "archetypal journey" of a protagonist who undertakes both a physical journey and one of self-discovery, cultural contact and communication, the search for identity, and the reconciliation of opposing forces.[46]

When publishing her story "Nine Lives" in 1968, Playboy magazine asked Le Guin whether they could run the story without her full first name, to which Le Guin agreed: the story was published under the name "U. K. Le Guin". She later wrote that it was the first and only time she had experienced prejudice against her as a woman writer from an editor or publisher, and reflected that "it seemed so silly, so grotesque, that I failed to see that it was also important." In subsequent printings, the story was published under her full name.[47]

### Critical attention

[edit]

Le Guin's next two books brought her sudden and widespread critical acclaim. A Wizard of Earthsea, published in 1968, was a fantasy novel written initially for teenagers.[4] Le Guin had not planned to write for young adults, but was asked to write a novel targeted at this group by the editor of Parnassus Press, who saw it as a market with great potential.[48][49] A coming of age story set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea, the book received a positive reception in both the U.S. and Britain.[48][50]

Le Guin with Harlan Ellison at Westercon in Portland, Oregon (1984)

Her next novel, The Left Hand of Darkness, was a Hainish universe story exploring themes of gender and sexuality on a fictional planet where humans have no fixed sex.[51] The book was Le Guin's first to address feminist issues,[52] and according to scholar Donna White, it "stunned the science fiction critics"; it won both the Hugo and the Nebula Awards for best novel, making Le Guin the first woman to win these awards, and a number of other accolades.[53][54] A Wizard of Earthsea and The Left Hand of Darkness have been described by critic Harold Bloom as Le Guin's masterpieces.[4] She won the Hugo Award again in 1973 for The Word for World Is Forest.[55] The book was influenced by Le Guin's anger over the Vietnam War, and explored themes of colonialism and militarism:[56][57] Le Guin later described it as the "most overt political statement" she had made in a fictional work.[55]

Le Guin continued to develop themes of equilibrium and coming-of-age in the next two installments of the Earthsea series, The Tombs of Atuan and The Farthest Shore, published in 1971 and 1972, respectively.[58] Both books were praised for their writing, while the exploration of death as a theme in The Farthest Shore also drew praise.[59] Her 1974 novel The Dispossessed again won both the Hugo and the Nebula awards for best novel, making her the first person to win both awards for each of two books.[60] Also set in the Hainish universe, the story explored anarchism and utopianism. Scholar Charlotte Spivack described it as representing a shift in Le Guin's science fiction towards discussing political ideas.[61][62] Several of her speculative fiction short stories from the period, including her first published story, were later anthologized in the 1975 collection The Wind's Twelve Quarters.[63][64] The fiction of the period 1966 to 1974, which also included The Lathe of Heaven, the Hugo Award-winning "The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas" and the Nebula Award-winning "The Day Before the Revolution",[65] constitutes Le Guin's best-known body of work.[66]

### Wider exploration

[edit]

Le Guin published a variety of work in the second half of the 1970s. This included speculative fiction in the form of the novel The Eye of the Heron, which, according to Le Guin, may be a part of the Hainish universe.[38][67][68] She also published Very Far Away from Anywhere Else, a realistic novel for adolescents,[69] as well as the collection Orsinian Tales and the novel Malafrena in 1976 and 1979, respectively. Though the latter two were set in the fictional country of Orsinia, the stories were realistic fiction rather than fantasy or science fiction.[70] The Language of the Night, a collection of essays, was released in 1979,[71] and Le Guin also published Wild Angels, a volume of poetry, in 1975.[72]

Between 1979, when she published Malafrena, and 1994, when the collection A Fisherman of the Inland Sea was released, Le Guin wrote primarily for a younger audience.[73] In 1985 she published the experimental work Always Coming Home.[74] She wrote 11 children's picture books, including the Catwings series, between 1979 and 1994, along with The Beginning Place, an adolescent fantasy novel, released in 1980.[32][73][75] Four more poetry collections were also published in this period, all of which were positively received.[72][73] She also revisited Earthsea, publishing Tehanu in 1990: coming eighteen years after The Farthest Shore, during which Le Guin's views had developed considerably, the book was grimmer in tone than the earlier works in the series, and challenged some ideas presented therein. It received critical praise,[76] won Le Guin a third Nebula Award for Best Novel,[77] and led to the series being recognized among adult literature.[78]

### Later writings

[edit]

Le Guin returned to the Hainish Cycle in the 1990s after a lengthy hiatus with the publication of a series of short stories, beginning with "The Shobies' Story" in 1990.[79] These stories included "Coming of Age in Karhide" (1995), which explored growing into adulthood and was set on the same planet as The Left Hand of Darkness.[80] It was described by scholar Sandra Lindow as "so transgressively sexual and so morally courageous" that Le Guin "could not have written it in the '60s".[79] In the same year she published the story suite Four Ways to Forgiveness, and followed it up with "Old Music and the Slave Women", a fifth, connected, story in 1999. All five of the stories explored freedom and rebellion within a slave society.[81] In 2000 she published The Telling, which would be her final Hainish novel, and the next year released Tales from Earthsea and The Other Wind, the last two Earthsea books.[38][82] The latter won the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 2002.[83]

From 2002 onwards several collections and anthologies of Le Guin's work were published. A series of her stories from the period 1994–2002 was released in 2002 in the collection The Birthday of the World and Other Stories, along with the novella Paradises Lost.[84] The volume examined unconventional ideas about gender, as well as anarchist themes.[85][86][87] Other collections included Changing Planes, also released in 2002, while the anthologies included The Unreal and the Real (2012),[38] and The Hainish Novels and Stories, a two-volume set of works from the Hainish universe released by the Library of America.[88]

Other works from this period included Lavinia (2008), based on a character from Virgil's Aeneid,[89] and the Annals of the Western Shore trilogy, consisting of Gifts (2004), Voices (2006), and Powers (2007).[90] Although Annals of the Western Shore was written for an adolescent audience, the third volume, Powers, received the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 2009.[90][91] In her final years, Le Guin largely turned away from fiction, and produced a number of essays, poems, and some translation.[5] Her final publications included the non-fiction collections Dreams Must Explain Themselves and Ursula K Le Guin: Conversations on Writing, and the poetry volume So Far So Good: Final Poems 2014–2018, all of which were released after her death.[38][92][93]

## Style and influences

[edit]

### Influences

[edit]

> Once I learned to read, I read everything. I read all the famous fantasies – Alice in Wonderland, and Wind in the Willows, and Kipling. I adored Kipling's Jungle Book. And then when I got older I found Lord Dunsany. He opened up a whole new world – the world of pure fantasy. And ... Worm Ouroboros. Again, pure fantasy. Very, very fattening. And then my brother and I blundered into science fiction when I was 11 or 12. Early Asimov, things like that. But that didn't have too much effect on me. It wasn't until I came back to science fiction and discovered Sturgeon – but particularly Cordwainer Smith. ... I read the story "Alpha Ralpha Boulevard", and it just made me go, "Wow! This stuff is so beautiful, and so strange, and I want to do something like that."

—Ursula K. Le Guin[94]

Le Guin read both classic and speculative fiction widely in her youth. She later said that science fiction did not have much impact on her until she read the works of Theodore Sturgeon and Cordwainer Smith, and that she had sneered at the genre as a child.[31][94] Authors Le Guin describes as influential include Victor Hugo, William Wordsworth, Charles Dickens, Boris Pasternak, and Philip K. Dick. Le Guin and Dick attended the same high-school, but did not know each other; Le Guin later described her novel The Lathe of Heaven as an homage to him.[14][31][95][96] She also considered J. R. R. Tolkien and Leo Tolstoy to be stylistic influences, and preferred reading Virginia Woolf and Jorge Luis Borges to well-known science-fiction authors such as Robert Heinlein, whose writing she described as being of the "white man conquers the universe" tradition.[97] Several scholars state that the influence of mythology, which Le Guin enjoyed reading as a child, is also visible in much of her work: for example, the short story "The Dowry of Angyar" is described as a retelling of a Norse myth.[14][98]

The discipline of cultural anthropology had a powerful influence on Le Guin's writing.[99] Her father Alfred Kroeber is considered a pioneer in the field, and was a director of the University of California Museum of Anthropology: as a consequence of his research, Le Guin was exposed to anthropology and cultural exploration as a child. In addition to myths and legends, she read such volumes as The Leaves of the Golden Bough by Elizabeth Grove Frazer, a children's book adapted from The Golden Bough, a study of myth and religion by her husband James George Frazer.[55][99][100][101][102] She described living with her father's friends and acquaintances as giving her the experience of the other.[31] The experiences of Ishi, in particular, were influential on Le Guin, and elements of his story have been identified in works such as Planet of Exile, City of Illusions, and The Word for World Is Forest and The Dispossessed.[55]

Several scholars have commented that Le Guin's writing was influenced by Carl Jung, and specifically by the idea of Jungian archetypes.[103][104] In particular, the shadow in A Wizard of Earthsea is seen as the Shadow archetype from Jungian psychology, representing Ged's pride, fear, and desire for power.[105][106][107] Le Guin discussed her interpretation of this archetype, and her interest in the dark and repressed parts of the psyche, in a 1974 lecture.[106] She stated elsewhere that she had never read Jung before writing the first Earthsea books.[105][106] Other archetypes, including the Mother, Animus, and Anima, have also been identified in Le Guin's writing.[103] the planetary forests featured in multiple Hainish works are described as a metaphor for the mind, and of Jungian "collective unconscious.[108]

Philosophical Taoism had a large role in Le Guin's world view,[109] and the influence of Taoist thought can be seen in many of her stories.[110][111] Many of Le Guin's protagonists, including in The Lathe of Heaven, embody the Taoist ideal of leaving things alone. The anthropologists of the Hainish universe try not to meddle with the cultures they encounter, while one of the earliest lessons Ged learns in A Wizard of Earthsea is not to use magic unless it is absolutely necessary.[111] Taoist influence is evident in Le Guin's depiction of equilibrium in the world of Earthsea: the archipelago is depicted as being based on a delicate balance, which is disrupted by somebody in each of the first three novels. This includes an equilibrium between land and sea, implicit in the name "Earthsea", between people and their natural environment,[112] and a larger cosmic equilibrium, which wizards are tasked with maintaining.[113] Another prominent Taoist idea is the reconciliation of opposites such as light and dark, or good and evil. A number of Hainish novels, The Dispossessed prominent among them, explored such a process of reconciliation.[114] In the Earthsea universe, it is not the dark powers, but the characters' misunderstanding of the balance of life, that is depicted as evil,[115] in contrast to conventional Western stories in which good and evil are in constant conflict.[116][117]

### Genre and style

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Although Le Guin is primarily known for her works of speculative fiction, she also wrote realistic fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and several other literary forms, and as a result her work is difficult to classify.[2] Her writings received critical attention from mainstream critics, critics of children's literature, and critics of speculative fiction.[2] Le Guin herself said that she would prefer to be known as an "American novelist".[3] Le Guin's transgression of conventional boundaries of genre led to literary criticism of Le Guin becoming "Balkanized", particularly between scholars of children's literature and speculative fiction.[2] Commentators have noted that the Earthsea novels specifically received less critical attention because they were considered children's books. Le Guin herself took exception to this treatment of children's literature, describing it as "adult chauvinist piggery".[2][118] In 1976, literature scholar George Slusser criticized the "silly publication classification designating the original series as 'children's literature'",[119] while in Barbara Bucknall's opinion Le Guin "can be read, like Tolkien, by ten-year-olds and by adults. These stories are ageless because they deal with problems that confront us at any age."[119]

> Fortunately, though extrapolation is an element in science fiction, it isn't the name of the game by any means. It is far too rationalist and simplistic to satisfy the imaginative mind, whether the writer's or the reader's. Variables are the spice of life. [If] you like you can read [a lot of] science fiction, as a thought-experiment. Let's say (says Mary Shelley) that a young doctor creates a human being in his laboratory; let's say (says Philip K. Dick) that the Allies lost the second world war; let's say this or that is such and so, and see what happens... In a story so conceived, the moral complexity proper to the modern novel need not be sacrificed, nor is there any built-in dead end; thought and intuition can move freely within bounds set only by the terms of the experiment, which may be very large indeed.

—Ursula K. Le Guin, in the introduction to the 1976 edition of The Left Hand of Darkness.[120]

Several of her works have a premise drawn from sociology, psychology, or philosophy.[121][122] As a result, Le Guin's writing is often described as "soft" science fiction, and she has been described as the "patron saint" of this sub-genre.[123][124] A number of science fiction authors have objected to the term "soft science fiction", describing it as a potentially pejorative term used to dismiss stories not based on problems in physics, astronomy, or engineering, and also to target the writing of women or other groups under-represented in the genre.[125] Le Guin suggested the term "social science fiction" for some of her writing, while pointing out that many of her stories were not science fiction at all. She argued that the term "soft science fiction" was divisive, and implied a narrow view of what constitutes valid science fiction.[15]

The influence of anthropology can be seen in the setting Le Guin chose for a number of her works. Several of her protagonists are anthropologists or ethnologists exploring a world alien to them.[126] This is particularly true in the stories set in the Hainish universe, an alternative reality in which humans did not evolve on Earth, but on Hain. The Hainish subsequently colonized many planets, before losing contact with them, giving rise to varied but related biology and social structure.[55][126] Examples include Rocannon in Rocannon's World and Genly Ai in The Left Hand of Darkness. Other characters, such as Shevek in The Dispossessed, become cultural observers in the course of their journeys on other planets.[99][127] Le Guin's writing often examines alien cultures, and particularly the human cultures from planets other than Earth in the Hainish universe.[126] In discovering these "alien" worlds, Le Guin's protagonists, and by extension the readers, also journey into themselves, and challenge the nature of what they consider "alien" and what they consider "native".[128]

Several of Le Guin's works have featured stylistic or structural features that were unusual or subversive. The heterogeneous structure of The Left Hand of Darkness, described as "distinctly post-modern", was unusual for the time of its publication.[51] This was in marked contrast to the structure of (primarily male-authored) traditional science fiction, which was straightforward and linear.[129] The novel was framed as part of a report sent to the Ekumen by the protagonist Genly Ai after his time on the planet Gethen, thus suggesting that Ai was selecting and ordering the material, consisting of personal narration, diary extracts, Gethenian myths, and ethnological reports.[130] Earthsea also employed an unconventional narrative form described by scholar Mike Cadden as "free indirect discourse", in which the feelings of the protagonist are not directly separated from the narration, making the narrator seem sympathetic to the characters, and removing the skepticism towards a character's thoughts and emotions that are a feature of more direct narration.[131] Cadden suggests that this method leads to younger readers sympathizing directly with the characters, making it an effective technique for young-adult literature.[132]

A number of Le Guin's writings, including the Earthsea series, challenged the conventions of epic fantasies and myths. Many of the protagonists in Earthsea were dark-skinned individuals, in comparison to the white-skinned heroes more traditionally used; some of the antagonists, in contrast, were white-skinned, a switching of race roles that has been remarked upon by multiple critics.[133][134] In a 2001 interview, Le Guin attributed the frequent lack of character illustrations on her book covers to her choice of non-white protagonists. She explained this choice, saying: "most people in the world aren't white. Why in the future would we assume they are?"[55] Her 1985 book Always Coming Home, described as "her great experiment", included a story told from the perspective of a young protagonist, but also included poems, rough drawings of plants and animals, myths, and anthropological reports from the matriarchal society of the Kesh, a fictional people living in the Napa valley after a catastrophic global flood.[38][74]

## Themes

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### Gender and sexuality

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Gender and sexuality are prominent themes in a number of Le Guin's works. The Left Hand of Darkness, published in 1969, was among the first books in the genre now known as feminist science fiction, and is the most famous examination of androgyny in science fiction.[135] The story is set on the fictional planet of Gethen, whose inhabitants are ambisexual humans with no fixed gender identity, who adopt female or male sexual characteristics for brief periods of their sexual cycle.[136] Which sex they adopt can depend on context and relationships.[137] Gethen was portrayed as a society without war, as a result of this absence of fixed gender characteristics, and also without sexuality as a continuous factor in social relationships.[52][136] Gethenian culture was explored in the novel through the eyes of a Terran, whose masculinity proves a barrier to cross-cultural communication.[52] Outside the Hainish Cycle, Le Guin's use of a female protagonist in The Tombs of Atuan, published in 1971, was described as a "significant exploration of womanhood".[138]

Le Guin at a reading in Danville, California (June 2008)

Le Guin's attitude towards gender and feminism evolved considerably over time.[139] Although The Left Hand of Darkness was seen as a landmark exploration of gender, it also received criticism for not going far enough. Reviewers pointed to its usage of masculine gender pronouns to describe its androgynous characters,[51] the lack of androgynous characters portrayed in stereotypical feminine roles,[140] and the portrayal of heterosexuality as the norm on Gethen.[141] Le Guin's portrayal of gender in Earthsea was also described as perpetuating the notion of a male-dominated world; according to the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, "Le Guin saw men as the actors and doers in the [world], while women remain the still centre, the well from which they drink".[38][142][143] Le Guin initially defended her writing; in a 1976 essay "Is Gender Necessary?" she wrote that gender was secondary to the primary theme of loyalty in The Left Hand of Darkness. Le Guin revisited this essay in 1988, and acknowledged that gender was central to the novel;[51] she also apologized for depicting Gethenians solely in heterosexual relationships.[141]

Le Guin responded to these critiques in her subsequent writing. She intentionally used feminine pronouns for all sexually latent Gethenians in her 1995 short story "Coming of Age in Karhide", and in a later reprinting of "Winter's King", which was first published in 1969.[140][144][145] "Coming of Age in Karhide" was later anthologized in the 2002 collection The Birthday of the World, which contained six other stories featuring unorthodox sexual relationships and marital arrangements.[87] She also revisited gender relations in Earthsea in Tehanu, published in 1990.[146] This volume was described as a rewriting or reimagining of The Tombs of Atuan, because the power and status of the female protagonist Tenar are the inverse of what they were in the earlier book, which was also focused on her and Ged.[147] During this later period she commented that she considered The Eye of the Heron, published in 1978, to be her first work genuinely centered on a woman.[148] Le Guin's 1986 essay “The Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction” is a critique of the traditional idea of the hero in storytelling, "shifting the way we look at humanity's foundations from a narrative of domination to one of gathering, holding, and sharing," in the words of critic Siobhan Leddy.[149]

### Moral development

[edit]

Le Guin explores coming of age, and moral development more broadly, in many of her writings.[150] This is particularly the case in those works written for a younger audience, such as Earthsea and Annals of the Western Shore. Le Guin wrote in a 1973 essay that she chose to explore coming-of-age in Earthsea since she was writing for an adolescent audience: "Coming of age ... is a process that took me many years; I finished it, so far as I ever will, at about age thirty-one; and so I feel rather deeply about it. So do most adolescents. It's their main occupation, in fact."[151] She also said that fantasy was best suited as a medium for describing coming of age, because exploring the subconscious was difficult using the language of "rational daily life".[151][152]

The first three Earthsea novels together follow Ged from youth to old age, and each of them also follow the coming of age of a different character.[153] A Wizard of Earthsea focuses on Ged's adolescence, while The Tombs of Atuan and The Farthest Shore explore that of Tenar and the prince Arren, respectively.[154][122] A Wizard of Earthsea is frequently described as a Bildungsroman,[155][156] in which Ged's coming of age is intertwined with the physical journey he undertakes through the novel.[157] To Mike Cadden the book was a convincing tale "to a reader as young and possibly as headstrong as Ged, and therefore sympathetic to him".[156] Reviewers have described the ending of the novel, wherein Ged finally accepts the shadow as a part of himself, as a rite of passage. Scholar Jeanne Walker writes that the rite of passage at the end was an analogue for the entire plot of A Wizard of Earthsea, and that the plot itself plays the role of a rite of passage for an adolescent reader.[158][159]

Each volume of Annals of the Western Shore also describes the coming of age of its protagonists,[160] and features explorations of being enslaved to one's own power.[160][161] The process of growing up is depicted as seeing beyond narrow choices the protagonists are presented with by society. In Gifts, Orrec and Gry realize that the powers their people possess can be used in two ways: for control and dominion, or for healing and nurturing. This recognition allows them to take a third choice, and leave.[162] This wrestling with choice has been compared to the choices the characters are forced to make in Le Guin's short story "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas".[162] Similarly, Ged helps Tenar in The Tombs of Atuan to value herself and to find choices that she did not see,[163][164] leading her to leave the Tombs with him.[165]

### Political systems

[edit]

Alternative social and political systems are a recurring theme in Le Guin's writing.[6][166] Critics have paid particular attention to The Dispossessed and Always Coming Home,[166] although Le Guin explores related themes in a number of her works,[166] such as in "The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas".[167] The Dispossessed is an anarchist utopian novel, which according to Le Guin drew from pacifist anarchists, including Peter Kropotkin, as well as from the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s.[101] Le Guin has been credited with "[rescuing] anarchism from the cultural ghetto to which it has been consigned", and helping to bring it into the intellectual mainstream.[168] Fellow author Kathleen Ann Goonan wrote that Le Guin's work confronted the "paradigm of insularity toward the suffering of people, other living beings, and resources", and explored "life-respecting sustainable alternatives".[6]

The Dispossessed, set on the twin planets of Urras and Anarres, features a planned anarchist society depicted as an "ambiguous utopia". The society, created by settlers from Urras, is materially poorer than the wealthy society of Urras, but more ethically and morally advanced.[169] Unlike classical utopias, the society of Anarres is portrayed as neither perfect nor static; the protagonist Shevek finds himself traveling to Urras to pursue his research. Nonetheless, the misogyny and hierarchy present in the authoritarian society of Urras is absent among the anarchists, who base their social structure on cooperation and individual liberty.[169] The Eye of the Heron, published a few years after The Dispossessed, was described as continuing Le Guin's exploration of human freedom, through a conflict between two societies of opposing philosophies: a town inhabited by descendants of pacifists, and a city inhabited by descendants of criminals.[170]

Always Coming Home, set in California in the distant future, examines a warlike society, resembling contemporary American society, from the perspective of the Kesh, its pacifist neighbors. The society of the Kesh has been identified by scholars as a feminist utopia, which Le Guin uses to explore the role of technology.[171] Scholar Warren Rochelle stated that it was "neither a matriarchy nor a patriarchy: men and women just are".[172] "The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas", a parable depicting a society in which widespread wealth, happiness, and security, comes at the cost of the continued misery of a single child, has also been read as a critique of contemporary American society.[173][174] The Word for World is Forest explored the manner in which the structure of society affects the natural environment; in the novel, the natives of the planet of Athshe have adapted their way of life to the ecology of the planet.[57] The colonizing human society, in contrast, is depicted as destructive and uncaring; in depicting it, Le Guin also critiqued colonialism and imperialism, driven partly by her disapproval for U.S. intervention in the Vietnam War.[56][57][175]

Other social structures are examined in works such as the story cycle Four Ways to Forgiveness, and the short story "Old Music and the Slave Women", occasionally described as a "fifth way to forgiveness".[176] Set in the Hainish universe, the five stories together examine revolution and reconstruction in a slave-owning society.[79][177] According to Rochelle, the stories examine a society that has the potential to build a "truly human community", made possible by the Ekumen's recognition of the slaves as human beings, thus offering them the prospect of freedom and the possibility of utopia, brought about through revolution.[178] Slavery, justice, and the role of women in society are also explored in Annals of the Western Shore.[179][180]

## Reception and legacy

[edit]

### Reception

[edit]

Le Guin received rapid recognition after the publication of The Left Hand of Darkness in 1969, and by the 1970s she was among the best known writers in the field.[2][38] Her books sold many millions of copies, and were translated into more than 40 languages; several remain in print many decades after their first publication.[5][9][181] Her work received intense academic attention; she has been described as being the "premier writer of both fantasy and science fiction" of the 1970s,[182] the most frequently discussed science fiction writer of the 1970s,[183] and over her career, as intensively studied as Philip K. Dick.[38] Later in her career, she also received recognition from mainstream literary critics: in an obituary, Jo Walton stated that Le Guin "was so good that the mainstream couldn't dismiss SF any more".[53] According to scholar Donna White, Le Guin was a "major voice in American letters", whose writing was the subject of many volumes of literary critique, more than two hundred scholarly articles, and a number of dissertations.[2]

Le Guin was unusual in receiving most of her recognition for her earliest works, which remained her most popular;[97] a commentator in 2018 described a "tendency toward didacticism" in her later works,[9] while John Clute, writing in The Guardian, stated that her later writing "suffers from the need she clearly felt to speak responsibly to her large audience about important things; an artist being responsible can be an artist wearing a crown of thorns".[5] Not all of her works received as positive a reception; The Compass Rose was among the volumes that had a mixed reaction, while the Science Fiction Encyclopedia described The Eye of the Heron as "an over-diagrammatic political fable whose translucent simplicity approaches self-parody".[38] Even the critically well-received The Left Hand of Darkness, in addition to critique from feminists,[184] was described by Alexei Panshin as a "flat failure".[51]

Her writing was recognized by the popular media and by commentators. The Los Angeles Times commented in 2009 that after the death of Arthur C. Clarke, Le Guin was "arguably the most acclaimed science fiction writer on the planet", and went on to describe her as a "pioneer" of literature for young people.[97] In an obituary, Clute described Le Guin as having "presided over American science fiction for nearly half a century", and as having a reputation as an author of the "first rank".[5] In 2016, The New York Times described her as "America's greatest living science fiction writer".[185] Praise for Le Guin frequently focused on the social and political themes her work explored,[186] and for her prose; literary critic Harold Bloom described Le Guin as an "exquisite stylist", saying that in her writing, "Every word was exactly in place and every sentence or line had resonance". According to Bloom, Le Guin was a "visionary who set herself against all brutality, discrimination, and exploitation".[6] The New York Times described her as using "a lean but lyrical style" to explore issues of moral relevance.[9] Prefacing an interview in 2008, Vice magazine described Le Guin as having written "some of the more mind-warping [science fiction] and fantasy tales of the past 40 years".[15]

Le Guin's fellow authors also praised her writing. After Le Guin's death in 2018, writer Michael Chabon referred to her as the "greatest American writer of her generation", and said that she had "awed [him] with the power of an unfettered imagination".[6][7] Author Margaret Atwood hailed Le Guin's "sane, smart, crafty and lyrical voice", and wrote that social injustice was a powerful motivation through Le Guin's life.[187] Her prose, according to Zadie Smith, was "as elegant and beautiful as any written in the twentieth century".[6] Academic and author Joyce Carol Oates highlighted Le Guin's "outspoken sense of justice, decency, and common sense", and called her "one of the great American writers and a visionary artist whose work will long endure".[6] China Miéville described Le Guin as a "literary colossus", and wrote that she was a "writer of intense ethical seriousness and intelligence, of wit and fury, of radical politics, of subtlety, of freedom and yearning".[6]

### Awards and recognition

[edit]

Le Guin at a "meet the author" event in 2004

The accolades Le Guin has received include numerous annual awards for individual works. She won eight Hugo Awards from twenty-six nominations, and six Nebula Awards from eighteen nominations, including four Nebula Awards for Best Novel from six nominations, more than any other writer.[83][188] Locus Magazine subscribers have voted Le Guin to receive 25 Locus Awards.[83][189] At the time of her death she was third for total wins, as well as second behind Neil Gaiman for awards for fiction.[190] For her novels alone she won five Locus Awards, four Nebula Awards, two Hugo Awards, and one World Fantasy Award, and won each of those awards in short fiction categories as well.[30][83] Her third Earthsea novel, The Farthest Shore, won the 1973 National Book Award for Young People's Literature,[191] and she was a finalist for ten Mythopoeic Awards, nine in Fantasy and one for Scholarship.[83] Her 1996 collection Unlocking the Air and Other Stories was one of three finalists for the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.[192] Other awards won by Le Guin include three James Tiptree Jr. Awards, and three Jupiter Awards.[83] She won her final Hugo award a year after her death, for a complete edition of Earthsea, illustrated by Charles Vess; the same volume also won a Locus award.[83]

Other awards and accolades have recognized Le Guin's contributions to speculative fiction. She was voted a Gandalf Grand Master Award by the World Science Fiction Society in 1979.[83] The Science Fiction Research Association gave her its Pilgrim Award in 1989 for her "lifetime contributions to SF and fantasy scholarship".[83] At the 1995 World Fantasy Convention she won the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, a judged recognition of outstanding service to the fantasy field.[83][193] The Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame inducted her in 2001, its sixth class of two deceased and two living writers.[194] The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named her its 20th Grand Master in 2003: she was the second, and at the time of death one of only six, women to receive that honor.[195][196][197] In 2013, she was given the Eaton Award by the University of California, Riverside, for lifetime achievement in science fiction.[83][198]

External videos

Neil Gaiman presenting the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters to Le Guin at the National Book Awards, November 19, 2014, C-SPAN

Later in her career Le Guin also received accolades recognizing her contributions to literature more generally. In April 2000, the U.S. Library of Congress named Le Guin a Living Legend in the "Writers and Artists" category for her significant contributions to America's cultural heritage.[199] The American Library Association granted her the annual Margaret Edwards Award in 2004, and also selected her to deliver the annual May Hill Arbuthnot Lecture.[200][201] The Edwards Award recognizes one writer and a particular body of work: the 2004 panel cited the first four Earthsea volumes, The Left Hand of Darkness and The Beginning Place. The panel said that Le Guin "has inspired four generations of young adults to read beautifully constructed language, visit fantasy worlds that inform them about their own lives, and think about their ideas that are neither easy nor inconsequential".[200] A collection of Le Guin's works was published by the Library of America in 2016, an honor only rarely given to living writers.[185] The National Book Foundation awarded Le Guin its Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters in 2014, stating that she had "defied conventions of narrative, language, character, and genre, and transcended boundaries between fantasy and realism to forge new paths for literary fiction".[202][203] The American Academy of Arts and Letters made her a member in 2017.[204] On July 27, 2021, Le Guin was honored by the US Postal Service with the 33rd stamp in the Postal Service's Literary Arts series. The stamp features a portrait of the author taken from a 2006 photograph against a background image inspired by her book The Left Hand of Darkness. The stamp was designed by Donato Gionacola.[205] A crater on the planet Mercury was named in Le Guin's honor in November 2024.[206]

### Legacy and influence

[edit]

Le Guin had a considerable influence on the field of speculative fiction; Jo Walton argued that Le Guin played a large role in both broadening the genre and helping genre writers achieve mainstream recognition.[53][207][208] The Earthsea books are cited as having a wide impact, including outside the field of literature. Atwood considers A Wizard of Earthsea one of the "wellsprings" of fantasy literature,[209] and modern writers have credited the book for the idea of a "wizard school", later made famous by the Harry Potter series of books,[210] and with popularizing the trope of a boy wizard, also present in Harry Potter.[211] The notion that names can exert power is a theme in the Earthsea series; critics have suggested that this inspired Hayao Miyazaki's use of the idea in his 2001 film Spirited Away.[212]

Le Guin's writings set in the Hainish universe also had a wide influence. Le Guin coined the name "ansible" for an instantaneous interstellar communication device in 1966; the term was later adopted by several other writers, including Orson Scott Card in the Ender Series and Neil Gaiman in a script for a Doctor Who episode.[213] Suzanne Reid wrote that at the time The Left Hand of Darkness was written, Le Guin's ideas of androgyny were unique not only to science fiction, but to literature in general.[52] That volume is specifically cited as leaving a large legacy; in discussing it, literary critic Harold Bloom wrote "Le Guin, more than Tolkien, has raised fantasy into high literature, for our time".[214] Bloom followed this up by listing the book in his The Western Canon (1994) as one of the books in his conception of artistic works that have been important and influential in Western culture.[215] This view was echoed in The Paris Review, which wrote that "No single work did more to upend the genre's conventions than The Left Hand of Darkness",[31] while White argued that it was one of the seminal works of science fiction, as important as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818).[51]

Commentators have also described Le Guin as being influential in the field of literature more generally. Literary critic Elaine Showalter suggested that Le Guin "set the pace as a writer for women unlearning silence, fear, and self-doubt",[6] while writer Brian Attebery stated that "[Le Guin] invented us: science fiction and fantasy critics like me but also poets and essayists and picture book writers and novelists".[6] Le Guin's own literary criticism proved influential; her 1973 essay "From Elfland to Poughkeepsie" led to renewed interest in the work of Kenneth Morris, and eventually to the publication of a posthumous novel by Morris.[216] Le Guin also played a role in bringing speculative fiction into the literary mainstream by supporting journalists and scholarly endeavors examining the genre.[207]

Several prominent authors acknowledge Le Guin's influence on their own writing. Jo Walton wrote that "her way of looking at the world had a huge influence on me, not just as a writer but as a human being".[53] Nebula Awards winner Neil Gaiman stated, "I learn more from her books at every stage of life than from any other writer."[217] Other writers she influenced include Booker Prize winner Salman Rushdie, as well as David Mitchell, Algis Budrys, Kathleen Goonan, and Iain Banks.[6][31][97] Mitchell, author of books such as Cloud Atlas, described A Wizard of Earthsea as having a strong influence on him, and said that he felt a desire to "wield words with the same power as Ursula Le Guin".[218] Le Guin is also credited with inspiring several female science fiction authors in the 1970s, including Vonda McIntyre. When McIntyre established a writers' workshop in Seattle in 1971, Le Guin was one of the instructors.[219] Film-maker Arwen Curry began production on a documentary about Le Guin in 2009, filming "dozens" of hours of interviews with the author as well as many other writers and artists who have been inspired by her. Curry launched a successful crowdfunding campaign to finish the documentary in early 2016 after winning a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.[220]

The Ursula K. Le Guin Prize for Fiction was announced in October 2021. The award is managed by the Ursula K. Le Guin Literary Trust and a panel of jurors. The prize is worth US$25,000 and is awarded annually to "a single book-length work of imaginative fiction."[221][222] The inaugural winner was Khadija Abdalla Bajaber for her book The House of Rust.[223]

### Adaptations of her work

[edit]

Le Guin's works have been adapted for radio,[224][225] film, television, and the stage. Her 1971 novel The Lathe of Heaven has been released on film twice, in 1979 by WNET with Le Guin's participation, and then in 2002 by the A&E Network. In a 2008 interview, she said she considered the 1979 version as "the only good adaptation to film" of her work to date.[15] In the early 1980s Hayao Miyazaki asked to create an animated adaptation of Earthsea. Le Guin, who was unfamiliar with his work and anime in general, initially turned down the offer, but later accepted after seeing My Neighbor Totoro.[226] The third and fourth Earthsea books were used as the basis of Tales from Earthsea, released in 2006. Rather than being directed by Hayao Miyazaki himself, the film was directed by his son Gorō, which disappointed Le Guin. Le Guin was positive about the aesthetic of the film, writing that "much of it was beautiful", but was critical of the film's moral sense and its use of physical violence, and particularly the use of a villain whose death provided the film's resolution.[226] In 2004, the Sci Fi Channel adapted the first two books of the Earthsea trilogy as the miniseries Legend of Earthsea. Le Guin was highly critical of the miniseries, calling it a "far cry from the Earthsea I envisioned", objecting to the use of white actors for her red-, brown-, and black-skinned characters.[227]

Le Guin's novel The Left Hand of Darkness was adapted for the stage in 1995 by Chicago's Lifeline Theatre. Reviewer Jack Helbig at the Chicago Reader wrote that the "adaptation is intelligent and well crafted but ultimately unsatisfying", in large measure because it is extremely difficult to compress a complex 300-page novel into a two-hour stage presentation.[228] Paradises Lost was adapted into an opera by the opera program of the University of Illinois.[229][230] The opera was composed by Stephen A. Taylor;[229] the libretto has been attributed both to Kate Gale[231] and to Marcia Johnson.[229] Created in 2005,[231] the opera premiered in April 2012.[232] Le Guin described the effort as a "beautiful opera" in an interview, and expressed hopes that it would be picked up by other producers. She also said she was better pleased with stage versions, including Paradises Lost, than screen adaptations of her work to that date.[230] In 2013, the Portland Playhouse and Hand2Mouth Theatre produced a play based on The Left Hand of Darkness, directed and adapted by Jonathan Walters, with text written by John Schmor. The play opened May 2, 2013, and ran until June 16, 2013, in Portland, Oregon.[233]

## Written works

[edit]

Main article: Ursula K. Le Guin bibliography

Le Guin signing a book in 2013

Le Guin's career as a professional writer spanned nearly sixty years, from 1959 to 2018. During this period, she wrote more than twenty novels, more than a hundred short stories, more than a dozen volumes of poetry, five translations, and thirteen children's books.[9][204] Her writing encompassed speculative fiction, realistic fiction, non-fiction, screenplays, librettos, essays, poetry, speeches, translations, literary critiques, chapbooks, and children's fiction. Le Guin's first published work was the poem "Folksong from the Montayna Province" in 1959, while her first published short story was "An die Musik", in 1961. Her first professional publication was the short story "April in Paris" in 1962, while her first published novel was Rocannon's World, released by Ace Books in 1966.[37][38][41][234] Her final publications included the non-fiction collections Dreams Must Explain Themselves and Ursula K Le Guin: Conversations on Writing, both released after her death.[38][92] Her best-known works include the six volumes of the Earthsea series, and the many novels of the Hainish Cycle.[38][235]

## See also

[edit]

* List of American novelists
* List of fantasy authors
* List of science fiction authors

## Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Le Guin, Ursula. "How to Pronounce Me". Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
2. ^ a b c d e f g White 1999, pp. 1–2.
3. ^ a b Phillips, Julie (December 2012). "Ursula K. Le Guin, American Novelist". Bookslut. Archived from the original on January 20, 2017. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
4. ^ a b c d White 1999, p. 2.
5. ^ a b c d e Clute, John (January 24, 2018). "Ursula K Le Guin obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Fellow writers remember Ursula K. Le Guin, 1929–2018". Library of America. January 26, 2018. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
7. ^ a b Chabon, Michael (November 20, 2019). "Le Guin's Subversive Imagination". The Paris Review. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
8. ^ a b Spivack 1984, p. 1.
9. ^ a b c d e f Jonas, Gerald (January 23, 2018). "Ursula K. Le Guin, Acclaimed for Her Fantasy Fiction, Is Dead at 88". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
10. ^ a b c d e Cummins 1990, p. 2.
11. ^ Hallowell, A. Irving (1962). "Theodora Kroeber. Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 340 (1): 164–165\. doi:10.1177/000271626234000162. S2CID 145429704.
12. ^ a b c d Spivack 1984, p. 2.
13. ^ Kroeber, Theodora (1970). Alfred Kroeber; a Personal Configuration. University of California Press. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-520-01598-2.
14. ^ a b c Spivack 1984, pp. 2–3.
15. ^ a b c d Lafreniere, Steve (December 2008). "Ursula K. Le Guin". Vice. Archived from the original on July 9, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2010.
16. ^ Cummins 1990, p. 3.
17. ^ a b Reid 1997, p. 5.
18. ^ a b c d e f Spivack 1984, p. 3.
19. ^ a b Reid 1997, pp. 5–7.
20. ^ "Ursula K. Le Guin". The Future is Female. Library of America. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
21. ^ Brown, Jeremy K. (November 2013). "Timeline". Ursula K. Le Guin. Infobase Learning. ISBN 978-1-4381-4937-0.
22. ^ a b c "Ursula K. Le Guin (1929–2018)". Locus Magazine. January 23, 2018. Archived from the original on October 1, 2018. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
23. ^ White 1999, pp. 1–3.
24. ^ Walsh, William; Le Guin, Ursula K. (Summer 1995). "I Am a Woman Writer; I Am a Western Writer: An Interview with Ursula Le Guin". The Kenyon Review. 17 (3): 192–205.
25. ^ Woodall, Bernie (January 23, 2018). "U.S. author Ursula K. Le Guin dies at 88: family". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
26. ^ "Ursula K. Le Guin Tribute". Locus Magazine. April 20, 2018. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
27. ^ Baer, April (June 9, 2018). "Remembering Ursula K. Le Guin". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
28. ^ a b DeNies, Ramona (November 20, 2014). "Ursula K. Le Guin Burns Down the National Book Awards". Portland Monthly. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014.
29. ^ Le Guin, Ursula (December 6, 2017). "The Literary Prize for the Refusal of Literary Prizes". The Paris Review. Archived from the original on January 21, 2020. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
30. ^ a b Dugdale, John (May 21, 2016). "How to turn down a prestigious literary prize – a winner's guide to etiquette". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
31. ^ a b c d e f g Wray, John (Fall 2013). "Interviews: Ursula K. Le Guin, The Art of Fiction No. 221". The Paris Review (206). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
32. ^ a b Bernardo & Murphy 2006, p. 170.
33. ^ Flood, Alison (December 24, 2009). "Le Guin accuses Authors Guild of 'deal with the devil'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2010. "Ursula K Le Guin has resigned from the writers' organisation in protest at settlement with Google over digitisation."
34. ^ Le Guin, Ursula K. (December 18, 2009). "My letter of resignation from the Authors Guild". Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
35. ^ Bausells, Marta (June 3, 2015). "Ursula K Le Guin launches broadside on Amazon's 'sell it fast, sell it cheap' policy". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
36. ^ Brown, Mark (July 25, 2014). "Writers unite in campaign against 'thuggish' Amazon". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
37. ^ a b Attebery, Brian. "Ursula K. Le Guin: The Complete Orsinia". Library of America. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nicholls & Clute 2019.
39. ^ Reid 1997, p. 6.
40. ^ a b White 1999, p. 45.
41. ^ a b Erlich 2009, p. 25.
42. ^ White 1999, pp. 45, 123.
43. ^ Cummins 1990, p. 68.
44. ^ Cadden 2005, pp. 80–81.
45. ^ a b c White 1999, pp. 44–45.
46. ^ Spivack 1984, p. 9.
47. ^ Le Guin 1978, p. 128.
48. ^ a b White 1999, p. 10.
49. ^ Cadden 2005, p. xi.
50. ^ Cummins 1990, pp. 8, 22.
51. ^ a b c d e f White 1999, pp. 45–50.
52. ^ a b c d Reid 1997, pp. 51–56.
53. ^ a b c d Walton, Jo (January 24, 2018). "Bright the Hawk's Flight on the Empty Sky: Ursula K. Le Guin". Tor.com. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
54. ^ White 1999, pp. 45–50, 54.
55. ^ a b c d e f Justice, Faith L. (January 23, 2001). "Ursula K. Le Guin". Salon. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2010.
56. ^ a b Spivack 1984, pp. 70–71.
57. ^ a b c Cummins 1990, pp. 87–90.
58. ^ Spivack 1984, pp. 26–27.
59. ^ White 1999, pp. 14–15.
60. ^ Freedman, Carl, ed. (2008). Conversations with Ursula K. Le Guin. University Press of Mississippi. p. xxiii.
61. ^ Spivack 1984, pp. 74–75.
62. ^ White 1999, pp. 46–47.
63. ^ Spivack 1984, p. 94.
64. ^ Le Guin 1978, p. 31.
65. ^ White 1999, pp. 50, 54.
66. ^ Cummins 1990, p. 4.
67. ^ Spivack 1984, pp. 109–116.
68. ^ White 1999, p. 124.
69. ^ Spivack 1984, p. 106.
70. ^ Spivack 1984, pp. 100, 114.
71. ^ Spivack 1984, p. 125.
72. ^ a b White 1999, p. 111.
73. ^ a b c Cadden 2005, pp. 114–115.
74. ^ a b Cadden 2005, pp. 115–116.
75. ^ Spivack 1984, pp. 116–117.
76. ^ White 1999, pp. 107–111.
77. ^ "Nebula Awards Winners By Category". Science Fiction Awards Database. Locus Science Fiction Foundation. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
78. ^ Cadden 2005, pp. 80–81, 97.
79. ^ a b c Lindow, Sandra J. (January 2018). "The Dance of Nonviolent Subversion in Le Guin's Hainish Cycle". The New York Review of Science Fiction (345). Archived from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
80. ^ Thomas, P. L. (2013). Science Fiction and Speculative Fiction: Challenging Genres. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 89\. ISBN 978-94-6209-380-5. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
81. ^ Cadden 2005, pp. 37–38.
82. ^ Sacks, Sam (November 17, 2017). "Review: The Works of Ursula K. Le Guin, Sublime World Builder". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
83. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Ursula K. Le Guin". Science Fiction Awards Database. Locus Magazine. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
84. ^ Feeley, Gregory (April 7, 2002). "Past Forward". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
85. ^ Atwood, Margaret (September 26, 2002). "The Queen of Quinkdom". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
86. ^ Haiven, Max (2015). "'One Who, Choosing, Accepts the Responsibility of Choice': Ursula K. Le Guin, Anarchism, and Authority". In Shantz, Jeff (ed.). Specters of Anarchy: Literature and the Anarchist Imagination. Algora Publishing. pp. 169–200\. ISBN 978-1-62894-141-8. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
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## Sources

[edit]

* Bernardo, Susan M.; Murphy, Graham J. (2006). Ursula K. Le Guin: A Critical Companion. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33225-8.
* Bloom, Harold (1987). "Introduction". In Bloom, Harold (ed.). Modern Critical Interpretations: Ursula Le Guin's The Left Hand of Darkness. Chelsea House Publications. pp. 1–10\. ISBN 978-1-55546-064-8.
* Cadden, Mike (2005). Ursula K. Le Guin Beyond Genre: Fiction for Children and Adults. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-99527-6.
* Cummins, Elizabeth (1990). Understanding Ursula K. Le Guin. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-87249-687-3.
* Erlich, Richard D. (December 2009). Coyote's Song: The Teaching Stories of Ursula K. Le Guin. Wildside Press LLC. ISBN 978-1-4344-5775-2. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
* Kuznets, Lois R. (1985). "'High Fantasy' in America: A Study of Lloyd Alexander, Ursula Le Guin, and Susan Cooper". The Lion and the Unicorn. 9: 19–35\. doi:10.1353/uni.0.0075. S2CID 143248850.
* Le Guin, Ursula (1978). The Wind's Twelve Quarters Volume I. Granada Publishing. ISBN 978-0-586-04623-4.
* Lindow, Sandra J. (2012). Dancing the Tao: Le Guin and Moral Development. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-4302-7.
* Lothian, Alexis (2006). "Grinding Axes and Balancing Oppositions: The Transformation of Feminisms in Ursula K. Le Guin's Science Fiction". Extrapolation. 47 (3): 380–395\. doi:10.3828/extr.2006.47.3.4.
* Nicholls, Peter; Clute, John; Sleight, Graham, eds. (April 7, 2018). "Le Guin, Ursula K.". The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Gollancz. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
* Reid, Suzanne Elizabeth (1997). Presenting Ursula Le Guin. Twayne. ISBN 978-0-8057-4609-9.
* Rochelle, Warren (2001). Communities of the Heart: The Rhetoric of Myth in the Fiction of Ursula K. Le Guin. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-0-85323-876-8.
* Rochelle, Warren G. (2008). "Ursula K. Le Guin". A Companion to Science Fiction. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 408–419\. ISBN 978-1-4051-4458-2. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
* Slusser, George Edgar (1976). The Farthest Shores of Ursula K. Le Guin. Wildside Press LLC. ISBN 978-0-89370-205-2.
* Spivack, Charlotte (1984). Ursula K. Le Guin. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8057-7393-4.
* Tymn, Marshall B. (1981). The Science fiction reference book. Starmont House. ISBN 978-0-916732-49-3.
* White, Donna (1999). Dancing with Dragons: Ursula K. Le Guin and the Critics. Camden House. ISBN 978-1-57113-034-1.

## Further reading

[edit]

Library resources about
Ursula K. Le Guin

* * *

* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries

By Ursula K. Le Guin

* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries

* Bloom, Harold, ed. (2000). Ursula K. Leguin: Modern Critical Views. Chelsea House Publications. ISBN 978-0-87754-659-7.
* Cart, Michael (1996). From Romance to Realism: 50 Years of Growth and Change in Young Adult Literature. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-024289-3. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
* Davis, Laurence; Stillman, Peter (2005). The New Utopian Politics of Ursula K. Le Guin's The Dispossessed. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-5820-3. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
* Egoff, Sheila A. (1988). Worlds within: children's fantasy from the Middle Ages to today. American Library Association. ISBN 978-0-8389-0494-7.
* Lehr, Susan S., ed. (1995). Battling Dragons: Issues and Controversy in Children's Literature. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-435-08828-6. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
* Reginald, Robert; Slusser, George, eds. (1997). Zephyr and Boreas: Winds of Change in the Fictions of Ursula K. Le Guin. Borgo Press. ISBN 978-0-916732-78-3.
* Trites, Roberta Seelinger (2000). Disturbing the universe: power and repression in adolescent literature. University of Iowa Press. ISBN 978-0-87745-857-9.
* Wayne, Kathryn Ross (1996). Redefining moral education: life, Le Guin, and language. Austin & Winfield. ISBN 978-1-880921-85-2. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2018.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ursula K. Le Guin.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Ursula K. Le Guin.

* Official website
* Worlds of Ursula K. Le Guin. PBS American Masters. August 2, 2019.
* Ursula K. Le Guin papers at the University of Oregon Libraries

### Interviews

[edit]

* An audio interview with Ursula K. Le Guin (MP3 format) from Hour 25
* Jaggi, Maya (December 17, 2005). "The Magician". The Guardian.
* "Oregon Art Beat: Author Ursula Le Guin". OPB FM. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
* Ursula Le Guin Bookworm Interviews (Audio) with Michael Silverblatt: January 1992, March 2001

### Speeches

[edit]

* "Ursula K Le Guin's speech at National Book Awards: 'Books aren't just commodities'". The Guardian. November 20, 2014.
* "Ursula K. Le Guin on speaking truth to power at National Book Awards". Los Angeles Times. November 20, 2014.

* v
* t
* e

Works by Ursula K. Le Guin

Bibliography · Le Guin and Taoism

Earthsea|

| Novels|

* A Wizard of Earthsea (1968)
* The Tombs of Atuan (1971)
* The Farthest Shore (1972)
* Tehanu (1990)
* The Other Wind (2001)

|

Short stories|

* "The Word of Unbinding" (1964)
* "The Rule of Names" (1964)
* "Firelight" (2018)

Collections|

* Tales from Earthsea (2001)
* The Books of Earthsea (2018)

Adaptations|

* Earthsea (miniseries) (2004)
* Tales from Earthsea (film) (2006)

Related|

* Universe
* Characters
* Ged
* Earthsea Revisioned (1993)

Hainish
Cycle|

| Novels|

* Rocannon's World (1966)
* Planet of Exile (1966)
* City of Illusions (1967)
* The Left Hand of Darkness (1969)
* The Dispossessed (1974)
* The Word for World Is Forest (1976)
* Four Ways to Forgiveness (1995)
* The Telling (2000)

|

Short stories|

* "The Dowry of Angyar" (1964)
* "Winter's King" (1969)
* "Vaster than Empires and More Slow" (1971)
* "The Day Before the Revolution" (1974)
* The Shobies' Story (1990)
* "The Matter of Seggri" (1994)
* "A Man of the People"
* "Coming of Age in Karhide" (1995)
* "Old Music and the Slave Women" (1999)

Related|

* Ansible

Annals of the Western Shore|

| Novels|

* Gifts (2004)
* Voices (2006)
* Powers (2007)

|

Other
fiction|

| Novels|

* The Lathe of Heaven (1971)
* Very Far Away from Anywhere Else (1976)
* The Eye of the Heron (1978)
* Malafrena (1979)
* The Beginning Place (1980)
* Always Coming Home (1985)
* Lavinia (2008)

|

Short stories|

* "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" (1973)
* "The Diary of the Rose" (1976)
* "The Wife's Story" (1982)
* "Paradises Lost" (2002)

Collections|

* The Wind's Twelve Quarters (1975)
* Orsinian Tales (1976)
* The Compass Rose (1982)
* Buffalo Gals and Other Animal Presences (1987)
* A Fisherman of the Inland Sea (1994)
* Unlocking the Air and Other Stories (1996)
* The Birthday of the World (2002)
* Changing Planes (2003)

Children's books|

* Catwings (series) (1988–1999)
* Cat Dreams

Non-fiction|

* The Language of the Night (1979)
* Dancing at the Edge of the World (1982)
* Steering the Craft (1998)

* v
* t
* e

Feminist science fiction

Writers by time period|

| 14th–15th century|

* Christine de Pizan (1364–1430)

|

17th century|

* Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673)

18th century|

* Marie-Anne Robert (1705–1771)
* Mary Griffith (1772–1846)

19th century|

* Mary Shelley (1797–1851)
* Jane Wells Webb Loudon (1807–1858)
* Annie Denton Cridge (1825–1875)
* Rhoda Broughton (1840–1920)
* Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914)
* Mary E. Bradley Lane (1844–1930)
* Elizabeth Burgoyne Corbett (1846–1930)
* Auguste Groner (1850–1929)
* Renée Marie Gouraud d'Ablancourt (1853–1941)
* Irene Clyde (1869–1954)
* Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935)
* Inez Haynes Irwin (1873–1970)
* Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain (1880–1932)
* Rosa Rosà (1884—1978)
* Miriam Allen DeFord (1888–1975)
* Aurora Bertrana (1892—1974)
* Anna Banti (1895—1985)
* L. Taylor Hansen (1897–1976)

20th century|

* Karin Boye (1900—1941)
* Stella Gibbons (1902–1989)
* Leslie F. Stone (1905–1991)
* C. L. Moore (1911–1987)
* James Tiptree Jr. (1915—1987)
* Alice Eleanor Jones (1916–1981)
* Shirley Jackson (1916–1965)
* Elisabeth Mann-Borgese (1918—2002)
* Madeleine L'Engle (1918–2007)
* Doris Lessing (1919–2013)
* Marlen Haushofer (1920–1970)
* Françoise d'Eaubonne (1920–2005)
* Carol Emshwiller (1921–2019)
* Virginia Kidd (1921—2003)
* Judith Merril (1923–1997)
* Kate Wilhelm (1928—2018)
* Sonya Dorman (1924–2005)
* Angélica Gorodischer (1928–2022)
* Ursula K. Le Guin (1929–2018)
* Sheri S. Tepper (1929—2016)
* Sally Miller Gearhart (1931—2021)
* Fay Weldon (1931—2023)
* Nancy Bogen b. 1932
* Sophie Behr (b. 1935)
* Marge Piercy (b. 1936)
* Joanna Russ (1937–2011)
* Margaret Atwood (b. 1939)
* Suzy McKee Charnas (1939–2023)
* Jutta Heinrich (1940–2021)
* Gerd Brantenberg (b. 1941)
* Chelsea Quinn Yarbro (b. 1942)
* Eleanor Arnason (b. 1942)
* Samuel R. Delany (b. 1942)
* Donna Haraway (b. 1944)
* Rachel Pollack (1945–2023)
* Elizabeth A. Lynn (b. 1946)
* Octavia E. Butler (1947–2006)
* Joëlle Wintrebert (b. 1949)
* Lois McMaster Bujold (b. 1949 )
* Dubravka Ugrešić (b. 1949)
* Roz Kaveney (b. 1949)
* Karen Joy Fowler (b. 1950)
* L. Timmel Duchamp (b. 1950)
* Charlotte Kerner (b. 1950)
* Leigh Kennedy (b. 1951)
* Stéphanie Nicot (b. 1952)
* Marleen S. Barr (b. 1953)
* Pat Murphy (b. 1955)
* Ellen Kushner (b. 1955)
* Montse Watkins (1955–2000)
* Joan Slonczewski (b. 1956)
* Mary Gentle (b. 1956)

21st century|

* Laura J. Mixon (b. 1957)
* Luce Basseterre [fr] (b. 1957)
* Rieko Matsuura (b. 1958)
* Ninni Holmqvist (b. 1958)
* Mari Kotani (b. 1958)
* Ïan Larue (b. 1958)
* Nicoletta Vallorani (b. 1958)
* Maureen F. McHugh (b. 1959)
* Lucie Chenu (b. 1960)
* Neil Gaiman (b. 1960)
* Melissa Scott (b. 1960)
* Nalo Hopkinson (b. 1960)
* Nicola Griffith (b. 1960)
* Gabriela Bustelo (b. 1962)
* Lola Robles (b. 1963)
* Hiroe Suga (b. 1963)
* Jo Walton (b. 1964)
* Heidrun Jänchen (b. 1964)
* Tananarive Due (b. 1966)
* Catherine Dufour (b. 1966)
* Ann Leckie (b. 1966)
* Virginia Bergin (b. 1966)
* Justine Larbalestier (b. 1967)
* Kelly Robson (b. 1967)
* Yumiko Shirai (b. 1967)
* Sara Doke (b. 1968)
* Annalee Newitz (b. 1969)
* Charlie Jane Anders (b. 1969)
* Lisa Yaszek (b. 1969)
* Barbara Kirchner [fr] (b. 1970)
* Kelly Sue DeConnick (b. 1970)
* Li-Cam (b. 1970)
* Fumi Yoshinaga (b. 1971)
* N. K. Jemisin (b. 1972)
* Sheree R. Thomas (b. 1972)
* Naomi Novik (b. 1973)
* Kiini Ibura Salaam (b. 1973)
* Sabrina Calvo (b. 1974)
* Juli Zeh (b. 1974)
* Nnedi Okorafor (b. 1974)
* Catherynne M. Valente (b. 1979)
* Kameron Hurley (b. 1980)
* Judith C. Vogt (b. 1981)
* Nghi Vo (b. 1981)
* Tang Fei (b. 1983)
* Amal El-Mohtar (b. 1984)
* Hao Jingfang (b. 1984)
* Theresa Hannig (b. 1984)
* Becky Chambers (b. 1985)
* Tamsyn Muir (b. 1985)
* Aline Valek (b. 1986)
* Akwaeke Emezi (b. 1987)
* Nadia Chonville (b. 1989)
* Floriane Soulas (b. 1989)
* Xiran Jay Zhao (b. 1997)
* Benjanun Sriduangkaew (b. ?)
* Vandana Singh (b. ?)

Notable works by date|

| 15th century|

* The Book of the City of Ladies (1405)

|

17th century|

* The Blazing World (1666)

18th century|

* The Voyages of Lord Seaton to the Seven Planets (1765)

19th century|

* Frankenstein (1818)
* Man's Rights; Or, How Would You Like It? (1870)
* Mizora (1880)
* New Amazonia: A Foretaste of the Future (1889)
* Iola Leroy (1892)
* Unveiling a Parallel (1893)
* Arqtiq (1899)

20th century|

* NEQUA or The Problem of the Ages (1900)
* Sultana's Dream (1905)
* Beatrice the Sixteenth (1909)
* Moving the Mountain (1911)
* Angel Island (1914)
* Herland (1915)
* "Shambleau" (1933)
* "That Only a Mother" (1948)
* A Wrinkle in Time (1962)
* Memoirs of a Spacewoman (1962)
* "When I Was Miss Dow" (1966)
* "Aye, and Gomorrah" (1967)
* The Left Hand of Darkness (1969)
* And Chaos Died (1970)
* The Kin of Ata Are Waiting for You (1971)
* The Word for World is Forest (1972)
* "When It Changed" (1972)
* Ten Thousand Light-Years from Home (1973)
* "The Women Men Don't See" (1973)
* The Dispossessed (1974)
* "The Girl Who Was Plugged In" (1974)
* The Holdfast Chronicles (1974–1999)
* The Female Man (1975)
* Woman on the Edge of Time (1976)
* Houston, Houston, Do You Read? (1976)
* The Female Man (1977)
* Egalia's Daughters (1977)
* Up the Walls of the World (1978)
* The Eye of the Heron (1978)
* Star Songs of an Old Primate (1978)
* Kindred (1979)
* The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five (1980)
* The Vampire Tapestry (1980)
* "Souls" (1982)
* Native Tongue (1984)
* The Handmaid's Tale (1985)
* Brightness Falls from the Air (1985)
* A Door into Ocean (1986)
* Golden Days (1987)
* Lilith's Brood (1987)
* "Rachel in Love" (1987)
* The Gate to Women's Country (1988)
* Her Smoke Rose Up Forever (1990)
* Beauty (1991)
* He, She and It (1991)
* Chroniques du pays des mères (1992)
* "The Matter of Seggri" (1993)
* Parable of the Sower (1993)
* The Fifth Sacred Thing (1993)
* Brown Girl in the Ring (1998)

21st century|

* The Fresco (2000)
* Tales from Earthsea (2001)
* Ōoku: The Inner Chambers (2004–2020)
* Bu Bu Jing Xin (2005)
* Fledgling (2005)
* Le Goût de l'immortalité (2005)
* Choir Boy (2005)
* Wombs (2009–2016)
* The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms (2010)
* Who Fears Death (2010)
* Lavinia (2008)
* The Alchemy of Stone (2008)
* The Method (2009)
* "Six Months, Three Days" (2011)
* Ancillary Justice (2013)
* The Automation (2014)
* The Fifth Season (2015)
* Binti (2015)
* The Obelisk Gate (2016)
* All the Birds in the Sky (2018)
* This Is How You Lose the Time War (2019)
* The Empress of Salt and Fortune (2020)
* When the Tiger Came Down the Mountain (2020)
* The Future of Another Timeline (2021)
* Victories Greater Than Death (2021)
* Dreams Bigger Than Heartbreak (2022)
* The Memory Librarian: And Other Stories of Dirty Computer (2022)
* The Daughter of Doctor Moreau (2022)
* Promises Stronger Than Darkness (2023)

Genres and concepts|

* Cyborg
* Feminist science fiction
* Gender in speculative fiction
* Single-gender world
* Women in speculative fiction
* Láadan (1982)

Essays,
anthologies,
critiques|

* Women of Wonder (1975)
* Aurora: Beyond Equality (1976)
* The Language of the Night (1979)
* More Women of Wonder (1979)
* How to Suppress Women's Writing (1983)
* "A Cyborg Manifesto" (1984)
* To Write Like a Woman (1995)
* "We Have Always Fought" (2013)
* The Geek Feminist Revolution (2016)
* Dark Matter: A Century of Speculative Fiction from the African Diaspora (2000)

Characters|

* L'Oiselle (1909)
* Jirel of Joiry (1934)

Publishers|

* Aqueduct Press
* Launch Point Press
* Onlywomen Press
* Regal Crest Enterprises
* Zubaan Books

Media|

* Forerunner
* The Witch and the Chameleon
* Janus
* Bitch Planet

Prizes|

* Sense of Gender Awards
* Otherwise Award
* Lambda Literary Award

Events and conventions|

* Wiscon
* Sad Puppies (2013–2017)

Awards for Ursula K. Le Guin

* v
* t
* e

Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards (SFWA Grand Masters)

1975–1999|

* Robert A. Heinlein (1975)
* Jack Williamson (1976)
* Clifford D. Simak (1977)
* L. Sprague de Camp (1979)
* Fritz Leiber (1981)
* Andre Norton (1984)
* Arthur C. Clarke (1986)
* Isaac Asimov (1987)
* Alfred Bester (1988)
* Ray Bradbury (1989)
* Lester del Rey (1991)
* Frederik Pohl (1993)
* Damon Knight (1995)
* A. E. van Vogt (1996)
* Jack Vance (1997)
* Poul Anderson (1998)
* Hal Clement (1999)

2000–present|

* Brian Aldiss (2000)
* Philip José Farmer (2001)
* Ursula K. Le Guin (2003)
* Robert Silverberg (2004)
* Anne McCaffrey (2005)
* Harlan Ellison (2006)
* James Gunn (2007)
* Michael Moorcock (2008)
* Harry Harrison (2009)
* Joe Haldeman (2010)
* Connie Willis (2012)
* Gene Wolfe (2013)
* Samuel R. Delany (2014)
* Larry Niven (2015)
* C. J. Cherryh (2016)
* Jane Yolen (2017)
* Peter S. Beagle (2018)
* William Gibson (2019)
* Lois McMaster Bujold (2020)
* Nalo Hopkinson (2021)
* Mercedes Lackey (2022)
* Robin McKinley (2023)

* v
* t
* e

Hugo Award for Best Novel

Retro|

* The Sword in the Stone by T. H. White (1939)
* Slan by A. E. van Vogt (1941)
* Beyond This Horizon by Anson MacDonald (1943)
* Conjure Wife by Fritz Leiber (1944)
* Shadow Over Mars by Leigh Brackett (1945)
* The Mule by Isaac Asimov (1946)
* Farmer in the Sky by Robert A. Heinlein (1951)
* Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury (1954)

1950s|

* The Demolished Man by Alfred Bester (1953)
* They'd Rather Be Right (aka: The Forever Machine) by Mark Clifton and Frank Riley (1955)
* Double Star by Robert A. Heinlein (1956)
* The Big Time by Fritz Leiber (1958)
* A Case of Conscience by James Blish (1959)

1960s|

* Starship Troopers by Robert A. Heinlein (1960)
* A Canticle for Leibowitz by Walter M. Miller, Jr. (1961)
* Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert A. Heinlein (1962)
* The Man in the High Castle by Philip K. Dick (1963)
* Here Gather the Stars (aka: Way Station) by Clifford D. Simak (1964)
* The Wanderer by Fritz Leiber (1965)
* Dune by Frank Herbert / ...And Call Me Conrad (aka: This Immortal) by Roger Zelazny (1966)
* The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress by Robert A. Heinlein (1967)
* Lord of Light by Roger Zelazny (1968)
* Stand on Zanzibar by John Brunner (1969)

1970s|

* The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin (1970)
* Ringworld by Larry Niven (1971)
* To Your Scattered Bodies Go by Philip José Farmer (1972)
* The Gods Themselves by Isaac Asimov (1973)
* Rendezvous with Rama by Arthur C. Clarke (1974)
* The Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le Guin (1975)
* The Forever War by Joe Haldeman (1976)
* Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang by Kate Wilhelm (1977)
* Gateway by Frederik Pohl (1978)
* Dreamsnake by Vonda N. McIntyre (1979)

1980s|

* The Fountains of Paradise by Arthur C. Clarke (1980)
* The Snow Queen by Joan D. Vinge (1981)
* Downbelow Station by C. J. Cherryh (1982)
* Foundation's Edge by Isaac Asimov (1983)
* Startide Rising by David Brin (1984)
* Neuromancer by William Gibson (1985)
* Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card (1986)
* Speaker for the Dead by Orson Scott Card (1987)
* The Uplift War by David Brin (1988)
* Cyteen by C. J. Cherryh (1989)

1990s|

* Hyperion by Dan Simmons (1990)
* The Vor Game by Lois McMaster Bujold (1991)
* Barrayar by Lois McMaster Bujold (1992)
* A Fire Upon the Deep by Vernor Vinge / Doomsday Book by Connie Willis (1993)
* Green Mars by Kim Stanley Robinson (1994)
* Mirror Dance by Lois McMaster Bujold (1995)
* The Diamond Age by Neal Stephenson (1996)
* Blue Mars by Kim Stanley Robinson (1997)
* Forever Peace by Joe Haldeman (1998)
* To Say Nothing of the Dog by Connie Willis (1999)

2000s|

* A Deepness in the Sky by Vernor Vinge (2000)
* Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire by J. K. Rowling (2001)
* American Gods by Neil Gaiman (2002)
* Hominids by Robert J. Sawyer (2003)
* Paladin of Souls by Lois McMaster Bujold (2004)
* Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell by Susanna Clarke (2005)
* Spin by Robert Charles Wilson (2006)
* Rainbows End by Vernor Vinge (2007)
* The Yiddish Policemen's Union by Michael Chabon (2008)
* The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman (2009)

2010s|

* The Windup Girl by Paolo Bacigalupi / The City & the City by China Miéville (2010)
* Blackout/All Clear by Connie Willis (2011)
* Among Others by Jo Walton (2012)
* Redshirts by John Scalzi (2013)
* Ancillary Justice by Ann Leckie (2014)
* The Three-Body Problem by Cixin Liu, translated by Ken Liu (2015)
* The Fifth Season by N. K. Jemisin (2016)
* The Obelisk Gate by N. K. Jemisin (2017)
* The Stone Sky by N. K. Jemisin (2018)
* The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal (2019)

2020s|

* A Memory Called Empire by Arkady Martine (2020)
* Network Effect by Martha Wells (2021)
* A Desolation Called Peace by Arkady Martine (2022)
* Nettle & Bone by T. Kingfisher (2023)
* Some Desperate Glory by Emily Tesh (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Hugo Award for Best Novella

Retro Hugos|

* Who Goes There? by Don A. Stuart (1939)
* "If This Goes On—" by Robert A. Heinlein (1941)
* Waldo by Robert A. Heinlein (1943)
* The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1944)
* Killdozer! by Theodore Sturgeon (1945)
* Animal Farm by George Orwell (1946)
* The Man Who Sold the Moon by Robert A. Heinlein (1951)
* A Case of Conscience by James Blish (1954)

1968–1980|

* Riders of the Purple Wage by Philip José Farmer / Weyr Search by Anne McCaffrey (1968)
* Nightwings by Robert Silverberg (1969)
* Ship of Shadows by Fritz Leiber (1970)
* Ill Met in Lankhmar by Fritz Leiber (1971)
* The Queen of Air and Darkness by Poul Anderson (1972)
* The Word for World Is Forest by Ursula K. Le Guin (1973)
* The Girl Who Was Plugged In by James Tiptree Jr. (1974)
* A Song for Lya by George R. R. Martin (1975)
* Home Is the Hangman by Roger Zelazny (1976)
* By Any Other Name by Spider Robinson / Houston, Houston, Do You Read? by James Tiptree Jr. (1977)
* Stardance by Spider Robinson and Jeanne Robinson (1978)
* The Persistence of Vision by John Varley (1979)
* Enemy Mine by Barry B. Longyear (1980)

1981–1990|

* Lost Dorsai by Gordon R. Dickson (1981)
* The Saturn Game by Poul Anderson (1982)
* Souls by Joanna Russ (1983)
* Cascade Point by Timothy Zahn (1984)
* Press Enter by John Varley (1985)
* 24 Views of Mt. Fuji, by Hokusai by Roger Zelazny (1986)
* Gilgamesh in the Outback by Robert Silverberg (1987)
* Eye for Eye by Orson Scott Card (1988)
* The Last of the Winnebagos by Connie Willis (1989)
* The Mountains of Mourning by Lois McMaster Bujold (1990)

1991–2000|

* The Hemingway Hoax by Joe Haldeman (1991)
* Beggars in Spain by Nancy Kress (1992)
* Barnacle Bill the Spacer by Lucius Shepard (1993)
* Down in the Bottomlands by Harry Turtledove (1994)
* Seven Views of Olduvai Gorge by Mike Resnick (1995)
* The Death of Captain Future by Allen Steele (1996)
* Blood of the Dragon by George R. R. Martin (1997)
* ...Where Angels Fear to Tread by Allen Steele (1998)
* Oceanic by Greg Egan (1999)
* The Winds of Marble Arch by Connie Willis (2000)

2001–2010|

* The Ultimate Earth by Jack Williamson (2001)
* Fast Times at Fairmont High by Vernor Vinge (2002)
* Coraline by Neil Gaiman (2003)
* The Cookie Monster by Vernor Vinge (2004)
* The Concrete Jungle by Charles Stross (2005)
* Inside Job by Connie Willis (2006)
* A Billion Eves by Robert Reed (2007)
* All Seated on the Ground by Connie Willis (2008)
* The Erdmann Nexus by Nancy Kress (2009)
* Palimpsest by Charles Stross (2010)

2011–2020|

* The Lifecycle of Software Objects by Ted Chiang (2011)
* The Man Who Bridged the Mist by Kij Johnson (2012)
* The Emperor's Soul by Brandon Sanderson (2013)
* Equoid by Charles Stross (2014)
* (No award given) (2015)
* Binti by Nnedi Okorafor (2016)
* Every Heart a Doorway by Seanan McGuire (2017)
* All Systems Red by Martha Wells (2018)
* Artificial Condition by Martha Wells (2019)
* This Is How You Lose the Time War by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone (2020)

2021–present|

* The Empress of Salt and Fortune by Nghi Vo (2021)
* A Psalm for the Wild-Built by Becky Chambers (2022)
* Where the Drowned Girls Go by Seanan McGuire (2023)
* Thornhedge by T. Kingfisher (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Hugo Award for Best Novelette

Retro Hugos|

* "Rule 18" by Clifford D. Simak (1939)
* "The Roads Must Roll" by Robert A. Heinlein (1941)
* "Foundation" by Isaac Asimov (1943)
* "Mimsy Were the Borogoves" by Lewis Padgett (1944)
* "First Contact" by Murray Leinster (1946)
* "The Little Black Bag" by Cyril M. Kornbluth (1951)
* "Earthman, Come Home" by James Blish (1954)

1955–1960|

* "The Darfsteller" by Walter M. Miller Jr. (1955)
* "Exploration Team" by Murray Leinster (1956)
* "The Big Time" by Fritz Leiber (1958)
* "The Big Front Yard" by Clifford D. Simak (1959)

1967–1980|

* "The Last Castle" by Jack Vance (1967)
* "Gonna Roll the Bones" by Fritz Leiber (1968)
* "The Sharing of Flesh" by Poul Anderson (1969)
* "Goat Song" by Poul Anderson (1973)
* "The Deathbird" by Harlan Ellison (1974)
* "Adrift Just Off the Islets of Langerhans: Latitude 38° 54' N, Longitude 77° 00' 13" W" by Harlan Ellison (1975)
* "The Borderland of Sol" by Larry Niven (1976)
* "The Bicentennial Man" by Isaac Asimov (1977)
* "Eyes of Amber" by Joan D. Vinge (1978)
* "Hunter's Moon" by Poul Anderson (1979)
* "Sandkings" by George R. R. Martin (1980)

1981–1990|

* "The Cloak and the Staff" by Gordon R. Dickson (1981)
* "Unicorn Variation" by Roger Zelazny (1982)
* "Fire Watch" by Connie Willis (1983)
* "Blood Music" by Greg Bear (1984)
* "Bloodchild" by Octavia E. Butler (1985)
* "Paladin of the Lost Hour" by Harlan Ellison (1986)
* "Permafrost" by Roger Zelazny (1987)
* "Buffalo Gals, Won't You Come Out Tonight" by Ursula K. Le Guin (1988)
* "Schrödinger's Kitten" by George Alec Effinger (1989)
* "Enter a Soldier. Later: Enter Another" by Robert Silverberg (1990)

1991–2000|

* "The Manamouki" by Mike Resnick (1991)
* "Gold" by Isaac Asimov (1992)
* "The Nutcracker Coup" by Janet Kagan (1993)
* "Georgia on My Mind" by Charles Sheffield (1994)
* "The Martian Child" by David Gerrold (1995)
* "Think Like a Dinosaur" by James Patrick Kelly (1996)
* "Bicycle Repairman" by Bruce Sterling (1997)
* "We Will Drink a Fish Together..." by Bill Johnson (1998)
* "Taklamakan" by Bruce Sterling (1999)
* "1016 to 1" by James Patrick Kelly (2000)

2001–2010|

* "Millennium Babies" by Kristine Kathryn Rusch (2001)
* "Hell Is the Absence of God" by Ted Chiang (2002)
* "Slow Life" by Michael Swanwick (2003)
* "Legions in Time" by Michael Swanwick (2004)
* "The Faery Handbag" by Kelly Link (2005)
* "Two Hearts" by Peter S. Beagle (2006)
* "The Djinn's Wife" by Ian McDonald (2007)
* "The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate" by Ted Chiang (2008)
* "Shoggoths in Bloom" by Elizabeth Bear (2009)
* "The Island" by Peter Watts (2010)

2011–2020|

* "The Emperor of Mars" by Allen Steele (2011)
* "Six Months, Three Days" by Charlie Jane Anders (2012)
* "The Girl-Thing Who Went Out for Sushi" by Pat Cadigan (2013)
* "The Lady Astronaut of Mars", by Mary Robinette Kowal (2014)
* "The Day the World Turned Upside Down" by Thomas Olde Heuvelt, translated by Lia Belt (2015)
* "Folding Beijing" by Hao Jingfang, translated by Ken Liu (2016)
* "The Tomato Thief" by Ursula Vernon (2017)
* "The Secret Life of Bots" by Suzanne Palmer (2018)
* "If at First You Don't Succeed, Try, Try Again" by Zen Cho (2019)
* "Emergency Skin" by N. K. Jemisin (2020)

2021–present|

* "Two Truths and a Lie" by Sarah Pinsker (2021)
* "Bots of the Lost Ark" by Suzanne Palmer (2022)
* "The Space-Time Painter" by Hai Ya (2023)
* "The Year Without Sunshine" by Naomi Kritzer (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Hugo Award for Best Short Story (1961–1980)

* "The Longest Voyage" by Poul Anderson (1961)
* "Hothouse" by Brian W. Aldiss (1962)
* "The Dragon Masters" by Jack Vance (1963)
* "No Truce with Kings" by Poul Anderson (1964)
* "Soldier, Ask Not" by Gordon R. Dickson (1965)
* ""Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman" by Harlan Ellison (1966)
* "Neutron Star" by Larry Niven (1967)
* "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" by Harlan Ellison (1968)
* "The Beast that Shouted Love at the Heart of the World" by Harlan Ellison (1969)
* "Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones" by Samuel R. Delany (1970)
* "Slow Sculpture" by Theodore Sturgeon (1971)
* "Inconstant Moon" by Larry Niven (1972)
* "Eurema's Dam" by R. A. Lafferty / "The Meeting" by Frederik Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth (1973)
* "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" by Ursula K. Le Guin (1974)
* "The Hole Man" by Larry Niven (1975)
* "Catch That Zeppelin!" by Fritz Leiber (1976)
* "Tricentennial" by Joe Haldeman (1977)
* "Jeffty Is Five" by Harlan Ellison (1978)
* "Cassandra" by C. J. Cherryh (1979)
* "The Way of Cross and Dragon" by George R. R. Martin (1980)

* Complete list
* Retro
* 1955–1960
* 1961–1980
* 1981–2000
* 2001–2020
* 2021–present

* v
* t
* e

Otherwise Award/James Tiptree Jr. Award Winners

Retrospective
winners|

* Motherlines and Walk to the End of the World by Suzy McKee Charnas
* The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin
* The Female Man and "When It Changed" by Joanna Russ

1991–2000|

* A Woman of the Iron People by Eleanor Arnason (1991, tie)
* White Queen by Gwyneth Jones (1991, tie)
* China Mountain Zhang by Maureen F. McHugh (1992)
* Ammonite by Nicola Griffith (1993)
* "The Matter of Seggri" by Ursula K. Le Guin (1994, tie)
* Larque on the Wing by Nancy Springer (1994, tie)
* Waking the Moon by Elizabeth Hand (1995, tie)
* The Memoirs Of Elizabeth Frankenstein by Theodore Roszak (1995, tie)
* "Mountain Ways" by Ursula K. Le Guin (1996, tie)
* The Sparrow by Mary Doria Russell (1996, tie)
* Black Wine by Candas Jane Dorsey (1997, tie)
* "Travels With The Snow Queen" by Kelly Link (1997, tie)
* "Congenital Agenesis of Gender Ideation" by Raphael Carter (1998)
* The Conqueror's Child by Suzy McKee Charnas (1999)
* Wild Life by Molly Gloss (2000)

2001–2010|

* The Kappa Child by Hiromi Goto (2001)
* Light by M. John Harrison (2002, tie)
* "Stories for Men" by John Kessel (2002, tie)
* Set This House in Order: A Romance of Souls by Matt Ruff (2003)
* Camouflage by Joe Haldeman (2004, tie)
* Not Before Sundown by Johanna Sinisalo (2004, tie)
* Air by Geoff Ryman (2005)
* The Orphan's Tales: In the Night Garden by Catherynne M. Valente (2006, tie)
* Half Life by Shelley Jackson (2006, tie)
* James Tiptree Jr.: The Double Life of Alice B. Sheldon by Julie Phillips (2006, special recognition)
* The Carhullan Army by Sarah Hall (2007)
* The Knife of Never Letting Go by Patrick Ness (2008, tie)
* Filter House by Nisi Shawl (2008, tie)
* Cloud and Ashes: Three Winter’s Tales by Greer Gilman (2009, tie)
* Ōoku: The Inner Chambers by Fumi Yoshinaga (2009, tie)
* Baba Yaga Laid an Egg by Dubravka Ugrešić (2010)

2011–2020|

* Redwood and Wildfire by Andrea Hairston (2011)
* The Drowning Girl by Caitlín R. Kiernan (2012, tie)
* Ancient, Ancient by Kiini Ibura Salaam (2012, tie)
* Rupetta by N. A. Sulway (2013)
* The Girl in the Road by Monica Byrne (2014, tie)
* My Real Children by Jo Walton (2014, tie)
* "The New Mother" by Eugene Fischer (2015, tie)
* Lizard Radio by Pat Schmatz (2015, tie)
* When the Moon Was Ours by Anna-Marie McLemore (2016)
* Who Runs the World? by Virginia Bergin (2017)
* "They Will Dream in the Garden" by Gabriela Damián Miravete (2018)
* Freshwater by Akwaeke Emezi (2019)
* Ife-Iyoku, the Tale of Imadeyunuagbon by Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki (2020)

2021–present|

* Light from Uncommon Stars by Ryka Aoki (2021, tie)
* Sorrowland by Rivers Solomon (2021, tie)

* v
* t
* e

Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel

1970s and 1980s|

* The Silmarillion by J. R. R. Tolkien (1978)
* Harpist in the Wind by Patricia A. McKillip (1980)
* Lord Valentine's Castle by Robert Silverberg (1981)
* The Claw of the Conciliator by Gene Wolfe (1982)
* The Sword of the Lictor by Gene Wolfe (1983)
* The Mists of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley (1984)
* Job: A Comedy of Justice by Robert A. Heinlein (1985)
* Trumps of Doom by Roger Zelazny (1986)
* Soldier of the Mist by Gene Wolfe (1987)
* Seventh Son by Orson Scott Card (1988)
* Red Prophet by Orson Scott Card (1989)

1990s|

* Prentice Alvin by Orson Scott Card (1990)
* Tehanu by Ursula K. Le Guin (1991)
* Beauty by Sheri S. Tepper (1992)
* Last Call by Tim Powers (1993)
* The Innkeeper's Song by Peter S. Beagle (1994)
* Brittle Innings by Michael Bishop (1995)
* Alvin Journeyman by Orson Scott Card (1996)
* A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin (1997)
* Earthquake Weather by Tim Powers (1998)
* A Clash of Kings by George R. R. Martin (1999)

2000s|

* Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban by J. K. Rowling (2000)
* A Storm of Swords by George R. R. Martin (2001)
* American Gods by Neil Gaiman (2002)
* The Scar by China Miéville (2003)
* Paladin of Souls by Lois McMaster Bujold (2004)
* Iron Council by China Miéville (2005)
* Anansi Boys by Neil Gaiman (2006)
* The Privilege of the Sword by Ellen Kushner (2007)
* Making Money by Terry Pratchett (2008)
* Lavinia by Ursula K. Le Guin (2009)

2010s|

* The City & the City by China Miéville (2010)
* Kraken by China Miéville (2011)
* A Dance with Dragons by George R. R. Martin (2012)
* The Apocalypse Codex by Charles Stross (2013)
* The Ocean at the End of the Lane by Neil Gaiman (2014)
* The Goblin Emperor by Katherine Addison (2015)
* Uprooted by Naomi Novik (2016)
* All the Birds in the Sky by Charlie Jane Anders (2017)
* The Stone Sky by N. K. Jemisin (2018)
* Spinning Silver by Naomi Novik (2019)

2020s|

* Middlegame by Seanan McGuire (2020)
* The City We Became by N. K. Jemisin (2021)
* Jade Legacy by Fonda Lee (2022)
* Babel, or the Necessity of Violence by R. F. Kuang (2023)
* Witch King by Martha Wells (2024)

* Best Novel (1971–1981)
* Best SF Novel (1980–present)
* Best Fantasy Novel (1978–present)
* Best First Novel (1981–present)
* Best Horror Novel (1989–1997, 1999, 2017–present)
* Best Young Adult Book (2003–present)
* Best Novella (1973–present)
* Best Novelette (1975–present)
* Best Short Story (1971–present)

* v
* t
* e

Locus Award for Best Novel

* Ringworld by Larry Niven (1971)
* The Lathe of Heaven by Ursula K. Le Guin (1972)
* The Gods Themselves by Isaac Asimov (1973)
* Rendezvous with Rama by Arthur C. Clarke (1974)
* The Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le Guin (1975)
* The Forever War by Joe Haldeman (1976)
* Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang by Kate Wilhelm (1977)
* Gateway by Frederik Pohl (1978)
* Dreamsnake by Vonda N. McIntyre (1979)
* Titan by John Varley (1980)
* The Snow Queen by Joan D. Vinge (1981)

* Best Novel (1971–1981)
* Best SF Novel (1980–present)
* Best Fantasy Novel (1978–present)
* Best First Novel (1981–present)
* Best Horror Novel (1989–1997, 1999, 2017–present)
* Best Young Adult Book (2003–present)
* Best Novella (1973–present)
* Best Novelette (1975–present)
* Best Short Story (1971–present)

* v
* t
* e

Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel

1980s|

* Titan by John Varley (1980)
* The Snow Queen by Joan D. Vinge (1981)
* The Many-Colored Land by Julian May (1982)
* Foundation's Edge by Isaac Asimov (1983)
* Startide Rising by David Brin (1984)
* The Integral Trees by Larry Niven (1985)
* The Postman by David Brin (1986)
* Speaker for the Dead by Orson Scott Card (1987)
* The Uplift War  by David Brin (1988)
* Cyteen by C. J. Cherryh (1989)

1990s|

* Hyperion by Dan Simmons (1990)
* The Fall of Hyperion by Dan Simmons (1991)
* Barrayar by Lois McMaster Bujold (1992)
* Doomsday Book by Connie Willis (1993)
* Green Mars by Kim Stanley Robinson (1994)
* Mirror Dance by Lois McMaster Bujold (1995)
* The Diamond Age by Neal Stephenson (1996)
* Blue Mars by Kim Stanley Robinson (1997)
* The Rise of Endymion by Dan Simmons (1998)
* To Say Nothing of the Dog by Connie Willis (1999)

2000s|

* Cryptonomicon by Neal Stephenson (2000)
* The Telling by Ursula K. Le Guin (2001)
* Passage by Connie Willis (2002)
* The Years of Rice and Salt by Kim Stanley Robinson (2003)
* Ilium by Dan Simmons (2004)
* The Baroque Cycle by Neal Stephenson (2005)
* Accelerando by Charles Stross (2006)
* Rainbows End by Vernor Vinge (2007)
* The Yiddish Policemen's Union by Michael Chabon (2008)
* Anathem by Neal Stephenson (2009)

2010s|

* Boneshaker by Cherie Priest (2010)
* Blackout/All Clear by Connie Willis (2011)
* Embassytown by China Miéville (2012)
* Redshirts by John Scalzi (2013)
* Abaddon's Gate by James S. A. Corey (2014)
* Ancillary Sword by Ann Leckie (2015)
* Ancillary Mercy by Ann Leckie (2016)
* Death's End by Liu Cixin (2017)
* The Collapsing Empire by John Scalzi (2018)
* The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal (2019)

2020s|

* The City in the Middle of the Night by Charlie Jane Anders  (2020)
* Network Effect by Martha Wells (2021)
* A Desolation Called Peace by Arkady Martine (2022)
* The Kaiju Preservation Society by John Scalzi (2023)
* System Collapse by Martha Wells (2024)

* Best Novel (1971–1981)
* Best SF Novel (1980–present)
* Best Fantasy Novel (1978–present)
* Best First Novel (1981–present)
* Best Horror Novel (1989–1997, 1999, 2017–present)
* Best Young Adult Book (2003–present)
* Best Novella (1973–present)
* Best Novelette (1975–present)
* Best Short Story (1971–present)

* v
* t
* e

Locus Award for Best Short Story

1971–1980|

* "The Region Between" by Harlan Ellison (1971)
* "The Queen of Air and Darkness" by Poul Anderson (1972)
* "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" by Ursula K. Le Guin (1973)
* "The Deathbird" by Harlan Ellison (1974)
* "The Day Before the Revolution" by Ursula K. Le Guin (1975)
* "Croatoan" by Harlan Ellison (1976)
* "Tricentennial" by Joe Haldeman (1977)
* "Jeffty Is Five" by Harlan Ellison (1978)
* "Count the Clock that Tells the Time" by Harlan Ellison (1979)
* "The Way of Cross and Dragon" by George R. R. Martin (1980)

1981–2000|

* "Grotto of the Dancing Deer" by Clifford D. Simak (1981)
* "The Pusher" by John Varley (1982)
* "Sur" by Ursula K. Le Guin (1983)
* "Beyond the Dead Reef" by James Tiptree Jr. (1984)
* "Salvador" by Lucius Shepard (1985)
* "With Virgil Oddum at the East Pole" by Harlan Ellison (1986)
* "Robot Dreams" by Isaac Asimov (1987)
* "Angel" by Pat Cadigan (1988)
* "Eidolons" by Harlan Ellison (1989)
* "Lost Boys" by Orson Scott Card (1990)
* "Bears Discover Fire" by Terry Bisson (1991)
* "Buffalo" by John Kessel (1992)
* "Even the Queen" by Connie Willis (1993)
* "Close Encounter" by Connie Willis (1994)
* "None So Blind" by Joe Haldeman (1995)
* "The Lincoln Train" by Maureen F. McHugh (1996)
* "Gone" by John Crowley (1997)
* "Itsy Bitsy Spider" by James Patrick Kelly (1998)
* "Maneki Neko" by Bruce Sterling (1999)
* "macs" by Terry Bisson (2000)

2001–present|

* "The Missing Mass" by Larry Niven (2001)
* "The Bones of the Earth" by Ursula K. Le Guin (2002)
* "October in the Chair" by Neil Gaiman (2003)
* "Closing Time" by Neil Gaiman (2004)
* "Forbidden Brides of the Faceless Slaves in the Nameless House of the Night of Dread Desire" by Neil Gaiman (2005)
* "Sunbird" by Neil Gaiman (2006)
* "How to Talk to Girls at Parties" by Neil Gaiman (2007)
* "A Small Room in Koboldtown" by Michael Swanwick (2008)
* "Exhalation" by Ted Chiang (2009)
* "An Invocation of Incuriosity" by Neil Gaiman (2010)
* "The Thing About Cassandra" by Neil Gaiman (2011)
* "The Case of Death and Honey" by Neil Gaiman (2012)
* "Immersion" by Aliette de Bodard (2013)
* "The Road of Needles" by Caitlín R. Kiernan (2014)
* "The Truth About Owls" by Amal El-Mohtar (2015)
* "Cat Pictures Please" by Naomi Kritzer (2016)
* "Seasons of Glass and Iron" by Amal El-Mohtar (2017)
* "The Martian Obelisk" by Linda Nagata (2018)
* "The Secret Lives of the Nine Negro Teeth of George Washington" by P. Djèlí Clark (2019)
* "The Bookstore at the End of America" by Charlie Jane Anders (2020)
* "Little Free Library" by Naomi Kritzer (2021)
* "Where Oaken Hearts Do Gather" by Sarah Pinsker (2022)
* "Rabbit Test" by Samantha Mills (2023)
* "How to Raise a Kraken in Your Bathtub" by P. Djèlí Clark (2024)

* Best Novel (1971–1981)
* Best SF Novel (1980–present)
* Best Fantasy Novel (1978–present)
* Best First Novel (1981–present)
* Best Horror Novel (1989–1997, 1999, 2017–present)
* Best Young Adult Book (2003–present)
* Best Novella (1973–present)
* Best Novelette (1975–present)
* Best Short Story (1971–present)

* v
* t
* e

Nebula Award for Best Novel

1966–1980|

* Dune by Frank Herbert (1966)
* Babel-17 by Samuel R. Delany / Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes (1967)
* The Einstein Intersection by Samuel R. Delany (1968)
* Rite of Passage by Alexei Panshin (1969)
* The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin (1970)
* Ringworld by Larry Niven (1971)
* A Time of Changes by Robert Silverberg (1972)
* The Gods Themselves by Isaac Asimov (1973)
* Rendezvous with Rama by Arthur C. Clarke (1974)
* The Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le Guin (1975)
* The Forever War by Joe Haldeman (1976)
* Man Plus by Frederik Pohl (1977)
* Gateway by Frederik Pohl (1978)
* Dreamsnake by Vonda N. McIntyre (1979)
* The Fountains of Paradise by Arthur C. Clarke (1980)

1981–2000|

* Timescape by Gregory Benford (1981)
* The Claw of the Conciliator by Gene Wolfe (1982)
* No Enemy But Time by Michael Bishop (1983)
* Startide Rising by David Brin (1984)
* Neuromancer by William Gibson (1985)
* Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card (1986)
* Speaker for the Dead by Orson Scott Card (1987)
* The Falling Woman by Pat Murphy (1988)
* Falling Free by Lois McMaster Bujold (1989)
* The Healer's War by Elizabeth Ann Scarborough (1990)
* Tehanu: The Last Book of Earthsea by Ursula K. Le Guin (1991)
* Stations of the Tide by Michael Swanwick (1992)
* Doomsday Book by Connie Willis (1993)
* Red Mars by Kim Stanley Robinson (1994)
* Moving Mars by Greg Bear (1995)
* The Terminal Experiment by Robert J. Sawyer (1996)
* Slow River by Nicola Griffith (1997)
* The Moon and the Sun by Vonda N. McIntyre (1998)
* Forever Peace by Joe Haldeman (1999)
* Parable of the Talents by Octavia E. Butler (2000)

2001–2020|

* Darwin's Radio by Greg Bear (2001)
* The Quantum Rose by Catherine Asaro (2002)
* American Gods by Neil Gaiman (2003)
* Speed of Dark by Elizabeth Moon (2004)
* Paladin of Souls by Lois McMaster Bujold (2005)
* Camouflage by Joe Haldeman (2006)
* Seeker by Jack McDevitt (2007)
* The Yiddish Policemen's Union by Michael Chabon (2008)
* Powers by Ursula K. Le Guin (2009)
* The Windup Girl by Paolo Bacigalupi (2010)
* Blackout/All Clear by Connie Willis (2011)
* Among Others by Jo Walton (2012)
* 2312 by Kim Stanley Robinson (2013)
* Ancillary Justice by Ann Leckie (2014)
* Annihilation by Jeff VanderMeer (2015)
* Uprooted by Naomi Novik (2016)
* All the Birds in the Sky by Charlie Jane Anders (2017)
* The Stone Sky by N. K. Jemisin (2018)
* The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal (2019)
* A Song for a New Day by Sarah Pinsker (2020)

2021–present|

* Network Effect by Martha Wells (2021)
* A Master of Djinn by P. Djèlí Clark (2022)
* Babel, or the Necessity of Violence by R. F. Kuang (2023)
* The Saint of Bright Doors by Vajra Chandrasekera (2024)
* Someone You Can Build a Nest In by John Wiswell (2025)

* v
* t
* e

Nebula Award for Best Novelette

1966–1980|

* "The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth" by Roger Zelazny (1966)
* "Call Him Lord" by Gordon R. Dickson (1967)
* "Gonna Roll the Bones" by Fritz Leiber (1968)
* "Mother to the World" by Richard Wilson (1969)
* "Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones" by Samuel R. Delany (1970)
* "Slow Sculpture" by Theodore Sturgeon (1971)
* "The Queen of Air and Darkness" by Poul Anderson (1972)
* "Goat Song" by Poul Anderson (1973)
* "Of Mist, and Grass, and Sand" by Vonda N. McIntyre (1974)
* "If the Stars Are Gods", by Gordon Eklund and Gregory Benford (1975)
* "San Diego Lightfoot Sue" by Tom Reamy (1976)
* "The Bicentennial Man" by Isaac Asimov (1977)
* "The Screwfly Solution" by Raccoona Sheldon (1978)
* "A Glow of Candles, a Unicorn's Eye" by Charles L. Grant (1979)
* "Sandkings" by George R. R. Martin (1980)

1981–2000|

* "The Ugly Chickens" by Howard Waldrop (1981)
* "The Quickening" by Michael Bishop (1982)
* "Fire Watch" by Connie Willis (1983)
* "Blood Music" by Greg Bear (1984)
* "Bloodchild" by Octavia Butler (1985)
* "Portraits of His Children" by George R. R. Martin (1986)
* "The Girl who Fell into the Sky" by Kate Wilhelm (1987)
* "Rachel in Love" by Pat Murphy (1988)
* "Schrödinger's Kitten" by George Alec Effinger (1989)
* "At the Rialto" by Connie Willis (1990)
* "Tower of Babylon" by Ted Chiang (1991)
* "Guide Dog" by Michael Conner (1992)
* "Danny Goes to Mars" by Pamela Sargent (1993)
* "Georgia on My Mind" by Charles Sheffield (1994)
* "The Martian Child" by David Gerrold (1995)
* "Solitude" by Ursula K. Le Guin (1996)
* "Lifeboat on a Burning Sea" by Bruce Holland Rogers (1997)
* "The Flowers of Adult Prison" by Nancy Kress (1998)
* "Lost Girls" by Jane Yolen (1999)
* "'Mars is No Place for Children", by Mary Turzillo (2000)

2001–2020|

* "Daddy's World" by Walter Jon Williams (2001)
* "Louise's Ghost" by Kelly Link (2002)
* "Hell is the Absence of God" by Ted Chiang (2003)
* "The Empire of Ice Cream" by Jeffrey Ford (2004)
* "Basement Magic" by Ellen Klages (2005)
* "The Faery Handbag" by Kelly Link (2006)
* "Two Hearts" by Peter S. Beagle (2007)
* "The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate" by Ted Chiang (2008)
* "Pride and Prometheus" by John Kessel (2009)
* "Sinner, Baker, Fabulist, Priest; Red Mask, Black Mask, Gentleman, Beast" by Eugie Foster (2010)
* "That Leviathan, Whom Thou Hast Made" by Eric James Stone (2011)
* "What We Found" by Geoff Ryman (2012)
* "Close Encounters" by Andy Duncan (2013)
* "The Waiting Stars" by Aliette de Bodard (2014)
* "A Guide to the Fruits of Hawai'i" by Alaya Dawn Johnson (2015)
* "Our Lady of the Open Road" by Sarah Pinsker (2016)
* "The Long Fall Up" by William Ledbetter (2017)
* "A Human Stain" by Kelly Robson (2018)
* "The Only Harmless Great Thing" by Brooke Bolander (2019)
* "Carpe Glitter" by Cat Rambo (2020)

2021–present|

* "Two Truths and a Lie" by Sarah Pinsker (2021)
* "O2 Arena" by Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki (2022)
* "If You Find Yourself Speaking to God, Address God with the Informal You" by John Chu (2023)
* "The Year Without Sunshine" by Naomi Kritzer (2024)
* "Negative Scholarship on the Fifth State of Being" by A. W. Prihandita (2025)

* v
* t
* e

Nebula Award for Best Short Story

1966–1980|

* ""Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman" by Harlan Ellison (1966)
* "The Secret Place" by Richard McKenna (1967)
* "Aye, and Gomorrah" by Samuel R. Delany (1968)
* "The Planners" by Kate Wilhelm (1969)
* "Passengers" by Robert Silverberg (1970)
* "Good News from the Vatican" by Robert Silverberg (1972)
* "When It Changed" by Joanna Russ (1973)
* "Love Is the Plan the Plan Is Death" by James Tiptree Jr. (1974)
* "The Day Before the Revolution" by Ursula K. Le Guin (1975)
* "Catch That Zeppelin!" by Fritz Leiber (1976)
* "A Crowd of Shadows" by Charles L. Grant (1977)
* "Jeffty Is Five" by Harlan Ellison (1978)
* "Stone" by Edward Bryant (1979)
* "giANTS" by Edward Bryant (1980)

1981–2000|

* "Grotto of the Dancing Deer" by Clifford D. Simak (1981)
* "The Bone Flute" by Lisa Tuttle (refused, 1982)
* "A Letter from the Clearys" by Connie Willis (1983)
* "The Peacemaker" by Gardner Dozois (1984)
* "Morning Child" by Gardner Dozois (1985)
* "Out of All Them Bright Stars" by Nancy Kress (1986)
* "Tangents" by Greg Bear (1987)
* "Forever Yours, Anna" by Kate Wilhelm (1988)
* "Bible Stories for Adults, No. 17: The Deluge" by James K. Morrow (1989)
* "Ripples in the Dirac Sea" by Geoffrey A. Landis (1990)
* "Bears Discover Fire" by Terry Bisson (1991)
* "Ma Qui" by Alan Brennert (1992)
* "Even the Queen" by Connie Willis (1993)
* "Graves" by Joe Haldeman (1994)
* "A Defense of the Social Contracts" by Martha Soukup (1995)
* "Death and the Librarian" by Esther Friesner (1996)
* "A Birthday" by Esther Friesner (1997)
* "Sister Emily's Lightship" by Jane Yolen (1998)
* "Thirteen Ways to Water" by Bruce Holland Rogers (1999)
* "The Cost of Doing Business" by Leslie What (2000)

2001–2020|

* "macs" by Terry Bisson (2001)
* "The Cure for Everything" by Severna Park (2002)
* "Creature" by Carol Emshwiller (2003)
* "What I Didn't See" by Karen Joy Fowler (2004)
* "Coming to Terms" by Eileen Gunn (2005)
* "I Live With You" by Carol Emshwiller (2006)
* "Echo" by Elizabeth Hand (2007)
* "Always" by Karen Joy Fowler (2008)
* "Trophy Wives" by Nina Kiriki Hoffman (2009)
* "Spar" by Kij Johnson (2010)
* "How Interesting: A Tiny Man" by Harlan Ellison / "Ponies" by Kij Johnson (2011)
* "The Paper Menagerie" by Ken Liu (2012)
* "Immersion" by Aliette de Bodard (2013)
* "If You Were a Dinosaur, My Love" by Rachel Swirsky (2014)
* "Jackalope Wives" by Ursula Vernon (2015)
* "Hungry Daughters of Starving Mothers" by Alyssa Wong (2016)
* "Seasons of Glass and Iron" by Amal El-Mohtar (2017)
* "Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience™" by Rebecca Roanhorse (2018)
* "The Secret Lives of the Nine Negro Teeth of George Washington" by P. Djèlí Clark (2019)
* "Give the Family My Love" by A. T. Greenblatt (2020)

2021–present|

* "Open House on Haunted Hill" by John Wiswell (2021)
* "Where Oaken Hearts Do Gather" by Sarah Pinsker (2022)
* "Rabbit Test" by Samantha Mills (2023)
* "Tantie Merle and the Farmhand 4200" by R. S. A. Garcia (2024)
* "Why Don't We Just Kill the Kid In the Omelas Hole" by Isabel J. Kim (2025)

* v
* t
* e

Oregon Women of Achievement

1980s

| 1985|

* Vera Katz

|

1986|

* Barbara Roberts
* Norma Paulus

1987|

* Nancy Ryles
* Susan Hammer

1988|

* Marsha Congdon
* Betty Roberts

1989|

* Mary Wendy Roberts
* Nancy Wilgenbusch

1990s

| 1990|

* Clarice Parr-Sandoz
* Y. Sherry Sheng

|

1991|

* Ursula K. Le Guin
* Gail Shibley

1992|

* Susan Helms
* Joan Biggs

1993|

* Ann Aiken
* Tricia Smith
* Judith Armatta

1994|

* Mary Alice Ford
* Annabelle Jaramillo
* Ellen Lowe
* Janet Stevenson

1995|

* Myrlie Evers-Williams
* Kate Brown

1996|

* Dianne Middle
* Cheryl Perrin
* Judith A. Ramaley

1997|

* Margaret Carter
* Patricia Davis Hinrichs
* Nellie Fox-Edwards

1998|

* Amy Aldrich Bedford
* Bev Clarno
* Joan Priscilla Kilbourn

1999|

* Avel Gordly
* Kathryn Jane Harrison
* Katherine Huff O'Neil

2000s

| 2000|

* Elmo Bloom
* Roslyn Hill
* Sue Shaffer

|

2001|

* Clariner Boston
* Margaret Jean Hallock
* Kathleen Margerum

2002|

* Connie Ashbrook
* Susan Castillo
* Katherine Jensen

2003|

* Phyllis Lee
* Diane Rosenbaum
* Jerralynn Ness

2004|

* Joan Brown-Kline
* Victoria Burton
* Martha Young

2005|

* Johanna Brenner
* Harriet Isom
* Serena Ota St. Clair

2006|

* Donalda Dodson
* Joan Palmateer
* Cherri M. Pancake

2007|

* Mary Overstreet
* Carmen Ramirez
* Gretchen Schuette

2008|

* Nancy Golden
* Darlene Hooley
* Sydney Sherwood
* Keren Brown Wilson

2009|

* Gert Boyle
* Arlene Schnitzer

2010s

| 2010|

* Gretchen Kafoury
* Melody Rose
* Latricia Tillman

|

2011|

* Jill Ginsberg
* Jane Lubchenco
* Minalee Saks
* Rita Sullivan

2012|

* Robin Morris Collin
* Jane O'Keefe
* Gina Warren
* Serena Stoudamire Wesley

2013|

* Gun Denhart
* Mary Katherine Eaton
* Cecilia Giron
* Sheila North

2014|

* Peg Malloy
* Lisa Schroeder
* Cheryl Strayed
* Jill Tanner
* Joanne Verger

2015|

* Jan Campbell
* Donna Maxley
* Kay D. Toran
* Gwendolyn Trice

2016|

* Nancy Campbell Mead
* Chanpone Sinlapasai-Okamura

2017|

* Erlinda V. Gonzales-Berry
* Guadalupe Guajardo
* Liliana Luna
* Anita Yap

2018|

* Susan Stoltenberg

2019|

* Belinda Carroll (Oregon)
* Sharon Gary-Smith
* Adrienne Nelson
* Andrea Paluso

2020s

| 2020|

* Laila Hajoo
* Debra Porta
* Laura Salerno Owens
* Amira Streeter

|

2022|

* Ginny Burdick
* Karol Collymore

2023|

* Mari Watanabe
* LaNicia Duke
* Fatuma Mohamed

* v
* t
* e

World Fantasy Award—Novel

1970s|

* The Forgotten Beasts of Eld by Patricia A. McKillip (1975)
* Bid Time Return by Richard Matheson (1976)
* Doctor Rat by William Kotzwinkle (1977)
* Our Lady of Darkness by Fritz Leiber (1978)
* Gloriana by Michael Moorcock (1979)

1980s|

* Watchtower by Elizabeth A. Lynn (1980)
* The Shadow of the Torturer by Gene Wolfe (1981)
* Little, Big by John Crowley (1982)
* Nifft the Lean by Michael Shea (1983)
* The Dragon Waiting by John M. Ford (1984)
* Mythago Wood by Robert Holdstock / Bridge of Birds by Barry Hughart (1985)
* Song of Kali by Dan Simmons (1986)
* Perfume by Patrick Süskind (1987)
* Replay by Ken Grimwood (1988)
* Koko by Peter Straub (1989)

1990s|

* Lyonesse: Madouc by Jack Vance (1990)
* Only Begotten Daughter by James K. Morrow / Thomas the Rhymer by Ellen Kushner (1991)
* Boy's Life by Robert R. McCammon (1992)
* Last Call by Tim Powers (1993)
* Glimpses by Lewis Shiner (1994)
* Towing Jehovah by James K. Morrow (1995)
* The Prestige by Christopher Priest (1996)
* Godmother Night by Rachel Pollack (1997)
* The Physiognomy by Jeffrey Ford (1998)
* The Antelope Wife by Louise Erdrich (1999)

2000s|

* Thraxas by Martin Scott (2000)
* Declare by Tim Powers / Galveston by Sean Stewart (2001)
* The Other Wind by Ursula K. Le Guin (2002)
* The Facts of Life by Graham Joyce / Ombria in Shadow by Patricia A. McKillip (2003)
* Tooth and Claw by Jo Walton (2004)
* Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell by Susanna Clarke (2005)
* Kafka on the Shore by Haruki Murakami (2006)
* Soldier of Sidon by Gene Wolfe (2007)
* Ysabel by Guy Gavriel Kay (2008)
* The Shadow Year by Jeffrey Ford / Tender Morsels by Margo Lanagan (2009)

2010s|

* The City & the City by China Miéville (2010)
* Who Fears Death by Nnedi Okorafor (2011)
* Osama by Lavie Tidhar (2012)
* Alif the Unseen by G. Willow Wilson (2013)
* A Stranger in Olondria by Sofia Samatar (2014)
* The Bone Clocks by David Mitchell (2015)
* The Chimes by Anna Smaill (2016)
* The Sudden Appearance of Hope by Claire North (2017)
* Jade City by Fonda Lee / The Changeling by Victor LaValle (2018)
* Witchmark by C. L. Polk (2019)

2020s|

* Queen of the Conquered by Kacen Callender (2020)
* Trouble the Saints by Alaya Dawn Johnson (2021)
* The Jasmine Throne by Tasha Suri (2022)
* Saint Death's Daughter by C. S. E. Cooney (2023)
* The Reformatory by Tananarive Due (2024)

* v
* t
* e

World Fantasy Award—Novella

1982–2000|

* The Fire When It Comes by Parke Godwin (1982)
* Confess the Seasons by Charles L. Grant (1983, tie)
* Beyond Any Measure by Karl Edward Wagner (1983, tie)
* Black Air by Kim Stanley Robinson (1984)
* The Unconquered Country by Geoff Ryman (1985)
* Nadelman's God by T. E. D. Klein (1986)
* Hatrack River by Orson Scott Card (1987)
* Buffalo Gals, Won't You Come Out Tonight by Ursula K. Le Guin (1988)
* The Skin Trade by George R. R. Martin (1989)
* "Great Work of Time" by John Crowley (1990)
* Bones by Pat Murphy (1991)
* The Ragthorn by Robert Holdstock and Garry Kilworth (1992)
* The Ghost Village by Peter Straub (1993)
* Under the Crust by Terry Lamsley (1994)
* Last Summer at Mars Hill by Elizabeth Hand (1995)
* Radio Waves by Michael Swanwick (1996)
* A City in Winter by Mark Helprin (1997)
* Streetcar Dreams by Richard Bowes (1998)
* The Summer Isles by Ian R. MacLeod (1999)
* The Transformation of Martin Lake by Jeff VanderMeer (2000, tie)
* Sky Eyes by Laurel Winter (2000, tie)

2001–present|

* The Man on the Ceiling by Steve Rasnic Tem & Melanie Tem (2001)
* The Bird Catcher by S. P. Somtow (2002)
* The Library by Zoran Živković (2003)
* A Crowd of Bone by Greer Gilman (2004)
* The Growlimb by Michael Shea (2005)
* Voluntary Committal by Joe Hill (2006)
* Botch Town by Jeffrey Ford (2007)
* Illyria by Elizabeth Hand (2008)
* If Angels Fight by Richard Bowes (2009)
* Sea-Hearts by Margo Lanagan (2010)
* The Maiden Flight of McCauley's Bellerophon by Elizabeth Hand (2011)
* A Small Price to Pay for Birdsong by Tom Holt (2012)
* Let Maps to Others by Tom Holt (2013)
* Wakulla Springs by Andy Duncan and Ellen Klages (2014)
* We Are All Completely Fine by Daryl Gregory (2015)
* The Unlicensed Magician by Kelly Barnhill (2016)
* The Dream-Quest of Vellitt Boe by Kij Johnson (2017)
* Passing Strange by Ellen Klages (2018)
* "The Privilege of the Happy Ending" by Kij Johnson (2019)
* Silver in the Wood by Emily Tesh (2020)
* Riot Baby by Tochi Onyebuchi (2021)
* And What Can We Offer You Tonight by Premee Mohamed (2022)
* Pomegranates by Priya Sharma (2023)
* Half the House Is Haunted by Josh Malerman (2024)

* v
* t
* e

World Fantasy Award—Life Achievement

* Robert Bloch (1975)
* Fritz Leiber (1976)
* Ray Bradbury (1977)
* Frank Belknap Long (1978)
* Jorge Luis Borges (1979)
* Manly Wade Wellman (1980)
* C. L. Moore (1981)
* Italo Calvino (1982)
* Roald Dahl (1983)
* L. Sprague de Camp / Richard Matheson / E. Hoffmann Price / Jack Vance / Donald Wandrei (1984)
* Theodore Sturgeon (1985)
* Avram Davidson (1986)
* Jack Finney (1987)
* Everett F. Bleiler (1988)
* Evangeline Walton (1989)
* R. A. Lafferty (1990)
* Ray Russell (1991)
* Edd Cartier (1992)
* Harlan Ellison (1993)
* Jack Williamson (1994)
* Ursula K. Le Guin (1995)
* Gene Wolfe (1996)
* Madeleine L'Engle (1997)
* Edward L. Ferman / Andre Norton (1998)
* Hugh B. Cave (1999)
* Marion Zimmer Bradley / Michael Moorcock (2000)
* Frank Frazetta / Philip José Farmer (2001)
* Forrest J Ackerman / George H. Scithers (2002)
* Lloyd Alexander / Donald M. Grant (2003)
* Stephen King / Gahan Wilson (2004)
* Tom Doherty / Carol Emshwiller (2005)
* John Crowley / Stephen Fabian (2006)
* Betty Ballantine / Diana Wynne Jones (2007)
* Leo and Diane Dillon / Patricia A. McKillip (2008)
* Ellen Asher / Jane Yolen (2009)
* Brian Lumley / Terry Pratchett / Peter Straub (2010)
* Peter S. Beagle / Angélica Gorodischer (2011)
* Alan Garner / George R. R. Martin (2012)
* Susan Cooper / Tanith Lee (2013)
* Ellen Datlow / Chelsea Quinn Yarbro (2014)
* Ramsey Campbell / Sheri S. Tepper (2015)
* David G. Hartwell / Andrzej Sapkowski (2016)
* Terry Brooks / Marina Warner (2017)
* Charles de Lint / Elizabeth Wollheim (2018)
* Hayao Miyazaki / Jack Zipes (2019)
* Karen Joy Fowler / Rowena Morrill (2020)
* Megan Lindholm / Howard Waldrop (2021)
* Samuel R. Delany / Terri Windling (2022)
* Peter Crowther / John Douglas (2023)
* Ginjer Buchanan / Jo Fletcher (2024)
* Juliet Marillier / Michael Whelan (2025)

* v
* t
* e

Modern history of Oregon (1890–present)

Topics|

* Tax revolt
* Governors
* Bottle Bill
* Centennial Tokens
* "Roll On, Columbia, Roll On"
* Meier & Frank
* Willamette Industries
* Direct Legislation League

Events|

* USS Oregon
* Lewis & Clark Expo
* Oregon land fraud scandal
* Lookout Air Raids
* Columbus Day Storm
* Florence whale explosion
* 1977 NBA Finals
* 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens
* Rajneeshee bioterror attack
* Rajneeshee assassination plot
* New Carissa oil spill
* Willamette Valley Flood

Places|

* Bonneville Dam
* Celilo Falls
* Copperfield
* Fort Stevens
* Harbor Drive
* Kaiser Shipyards
* Shanghai tunnels
* Vanport

Politicians|

* Victor Atiyeh
* George Chamberlain
* David B. Frohnmayer
* Neil Goldschmidt
* Mark Hatfield
* Nan Wood Honeyman
* Tom McCall
* Douglas McKay
* Charles McNary
* Wayne Morse
* Maurine Neuberger
* Norma Paulus
* Barbara Roberts
* James H. Weaver

Other
Oregonians|

* Terry Baker
* Pietro Belluschi
* Bill Bowerman
* Gert Boyle
* Abigail Scott Duniway
* James A. Fee
* Matt Groening
* Ken Kesey
* Phil Knight
* Ursula K. Le Guin
* Hall S. Lusk
* Brian McMenamin
* Bill Naito
* Steve Prefontaine
* Jack Ramsay
* Henry Weinhard

* Native peoples history
* History to 1806
* Pioneer history
* Modern history

Portals:

* Children's literature
* Speculative fiction
* Literature
* Feminism

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Italy
* Australia
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Portugal
* Netherlands
* Norway
* 2
* Latvia
* Croatia
* Chile
* Greece
* Korea
* Sweden
* Poland
* Israel
* Finland
* Catalonia

Academics|

* CiNii
* Scopus
* 2

Artists|

* MusicBrainz

People|

* Trove
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef
* SNAC
* Yale LUX

*[c.]: circa
*[m.]: married
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*[e]: Edit this template
*[b.]: born