Vaccination Act

UK Acts of Parliament, 1840 to 1907

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Vaccination Act" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

The UK Vaccination Acts of 1840, 1853, 1867 and 1898 were a series of legislative Acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom regarding the vaccination policy of the country.

## Provisions

[edit]

### The 1840 act

[edit]

United Kingdom legislation

Vaccination Act 1840

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Long title| An Act to extend the Practice of Vaccination.
Citation| 3 & 4 Vict. c. 29
Dates
Royal assent| 23 July 1840
Other legislation
Amended by| Statute Law Revision Act 1875
Text of statute as originally enacted

The Vaccination Act 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c. 29):

* Made variolation illegal.
* Provided optional vaccination free of charge.[1]

In general, the disadvantages of variolation are the same as those of vaccination, but added to them is the general agreement that variolation was always more dangerous than vaccination.

### The 1853 act

[edit]

United Kingdom legislation

Vaccination Act 1853

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Citation| 16 & 17 Vict. c. 100
Dates
Royal assent| 20 August 1853

By the Vaccination Act 1853 (16 & 17 Vict. c. 100) it was required:[2]

* That every child, whose health permits, shall be vaccinated within three, or in case of orphanage within four months of birth, by the public vaccinator of the district, or by some other medical practitioner.
* That notice of this requirement, and information as to the local arrangements for public vaccination, shall, whenever a birth is registered, be given by the registrar of births to the parents or guardians of the child.
* That every medical practitioner who, whether in public or private practice, successfully vaccinates a child shall send to the local registrar of births a certificate that he has done so; and the registrar shall keep a minute of all the notices given, and an account of all the certificates thus received.
* That parents or guardians who, without sufficient reason, after having duly received the registrar's notice of the requirement of Vaccination, either omit to have a child duly vaccinated, or, this being done, omit to have it inspected as to the results of vaccination, shall be liable to a penalty of £1; and all penalties shall be recoverable under the Summary Jurisdiction Act 1848 and shall be paid toward the local poor-rate.

### The 1867 act

[edit]

United Kingdom legislation

Vaccination Act 1867

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Citation| 30 & 31 Vict. c. 84
Dates
Royal assent| 12 August 1867
Other legislation
Amended by|

* Vaccination Act 1871
* Statute Law Revision Act 1875

Repealed by| National Health Service Act 1946

Status: Repealed

The Vaccination Act 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. 84) consolidated and updated the existing laws relating to vaccination, and was repealed by the National Health Service Act 1946.[3]

The poor-law guardians were to control vaccination districts formed out of the parishes, and pay vaccinators from 1s to 3s per child vaccinated in the district (the amount paid varied with how far they had to travel).

Within seven days of the birth of a child being registered, the registrar was to deliver a notice of vaccination; if the child was not presented to be vaccinated within three months, or brought for inspection afterwards, the parents or guardians were liable to a summary conviction and fine of 20s.

The Act also provided that any person who produced or attempted to inoculate another with smallpox could be imprisoned for a month.

### The 1871 act

[edit]

United Kingdom legislation

Vaccination Act 1871

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Long title| An Act to amend the Vaccination Act, 1867.
Citation| 34 & 35 Vict. c. 98
Dates
Royal assent| 21 August 1871
Other legislation
Amends| Vaccination Act 1867
Amended by| Statute Law Revision Act 1883
Repealed by| National Health Service Act 1946

Status: Repealed

In 1871 another act, the Vaccination Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 98) was passed appointing a Vaccination Officer, also authorising a defendant to appear in a court of law by any member of his family, or any other person authorised by him. This act also confirmed the principle of compulsion, which evidently sparked hostility and opposition to the practice.[4]

### The 1874 act

[edit]

United Kingdom legislation

Vaccination Act 1874

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Long title| An Act to explain the Vaccination Act, 1871.
Citation| 37 & 38 Vict. c. 75
Dates
Royal assent| 7 August 1874
Other legislation
Repealed by| National Health Service Act 1946
Relates to| Vaccination Act 1871

Status: Repealed

Text of statute as originally enacted

The Vaccination Act 1874 (37 & 38 Vict. c. 75) clarified the role of the Local Government Board in making regulations for guardians to implement the 1871 act.

>     An Act to explain the Vaccination Act, 1871.

> [7th August 1874.]

>     Whereas by section five of the Vaccination Act, 1871, it is enacted, amongst other things, that, subject to the provisions of that Act, the Local Government Board shall have the same powers with respect to guardians and vaccination officers in matters relating to vaccination as they have with respect to guardians and officers of guardians in matters relating to the relief of the poor, and may make rules, orders, and regulations accordingly:

>     And whereas doubts are entertained whether the Local Government Board are empowered under the said Act to make rules, orders, and regulations with respect to the proceedings to be taken by the guardians or their officers for the enforcement of the provisions of the Vaccination Acts, 1867 and 1871:

>     Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

>   1. The powers conferred by the said recited section shall be deemed to extend to and include the making of rules, orders, and regulations prescribing the duties of guardians and their officers in relation to the institution and conduct of the proceedings to be taken for enforcing the provisions of the said Acts, and the payment of the costs and expenses relating thereto, and rules, orders, and regulations under this Act shall be deemed to be made under the said section.

>   2. This Act may be cited as The Vaccination Act, 1874.

### The 1889 royal commission

[edit]

A royal commission was established in 1889, which issued six reports between 1892 and 1896. Its recommendations, including the abolition of cumulative penalties and the use of safer vaccine, were incorporated into the Vaccination Act 1898.[5]

### The 1898 and 1907 acts

[edit]

United Kingdom legislation

Vaccination Act 1898

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Long title| An Act to Amend the Law with respect to Vaccination.
Citation| 61 & 62 Vict. c. 49
Dates
Royal assent| 12 August 1898
Other legislation
Amended by| Vaccination Act 1907
Repealed by| National Health Service Act 1946

Status: Repealed

United Kingdom legislation

Vaccination Act 1907

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Long title| An Act to substitute a Statutory Declaration for the Certificate required under section two of the Vaccination Act, 1898, of Conscientious Objection.
Citation| 7 Edw. 7. c. 31
Dates
Royal assent| 28 August 1907
Other legislation
Amends| Vaccination Act 1898
Repealed by| National Health Service Act 1946

Status: Repealed

United Kingdom legislation

Vaccination (Scotland) Act 1907

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Long title| An Act to amend the Law with respect to Vaccination in Scotland by authorising a statutory declaration of conscientious objection.
Citation| 7 Edw. 7. c. 49
Dates
Royal assent| 28 August 1907
Other legislation
Repealed by| National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947

Status: Repealed

In 1898 a new vaccination law was passed, in some respects modifying, but not superseding, previous acts, giving conditional exemption of conscientious objectors, (and substituting calf lymph for humanised lymph). It removed cumulative penalties and introduced a conscience clause, allowing parents who did not believe vaccination was efficacious or safe to obtain a certificate of exemption.

The Vaccination Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict. c. 49) purported to give liberty of non-vaccination, but this liberty was not really obtained. Parents applying for a certificate of exemption had to satisfy two magistrates, or one stipendiary, of their conscientious objections. Some stipendiaries, and many of the magistrates, refused to be satisfied, and imposed delays. Unless the exemption was obtained before the child was four months old, it was too late. The consequence was that in the year 1906, only about 40,000 exemptions were obtained in England and Wales. In the year 1907 the government recognised that the magistrates had practically declined to carry out the law of 1898, and consequently two new laws, the Vaccination Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7. c. 31) for England and Wales, and the Vaccination (Scotland) Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7. c. 49) for Scotland, were passed. Under this law the parent escaped penalties for the non-vaccination of his child if within four months from the birth he made a statutory declaration that he confidently believed that vaccination would be prejudicial to the health of the child, and within seven days thereafter delivered, or sent by post, the declaration to the Vaccination Officer of the district.

> It is the duty of all Magistrates to sign a Statutory Declaration when asked to do so, and the Magistrate's Clerk is entitled to a fee of 1s. Most of the liberal-minded magistrates will witness the Declaration at their own house, or any other convenient place. Some, however, refuse to do that except in the law court. A Statutory Declaration may also be witnessed by a Commissioner for Oaths, and some other officials.[citation needed]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Scottish Way of Birth and Death - Vaccination". University of Glasgow. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
2. ^ Williamson, S. (1984). "One hundred years ago; Anti-Vaccination Leagues". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 59 (12): 1195–1196\. doi:10.1136/adc.59.12.1195. PMC 1628897. PMID 6395811.
3. ^ Archives, The National. "The National Archives - Homepage". The National Archives. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
4. ^ Ross, Dale (1967). "Leicester and the anti-vaccination movement 1853-59" (PDF). Leicestershire Archaeological and History Society. 43 (7): 36. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
5. ^ "Appendix VI to the final report of the Royal Commission on Vaccination: report to the commission of Dr Sydney Coupland on the outbreak of small-pox in the borough of Leicester in 1892-3". BOPCRIS. Archived from the original on 5 January 2006.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Greenhill, Joseph (1869). Moore's Almanack improved: or Will's farmer's and countryman's calendar for the year 1869. London.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Durbach, Nadja (2004). Bodily Matters: The Anti-Vaccination Movement in England, 1853–1907. Raleigh, North Carolina: Duke University Press.
* Williams, Naomi (1 October 1994). "The implementation of compulsory health legislation: infant smallpox vaccination in England and Wales, 1840-1890". Journal of Historical Geography. 20 (4): 396–412\. doi:10.1006/jhge.1994.1031. ISSN 0305-7488.

* v
* t
* e

UK legislation

Pre-parliamentary legislation|

* List of English statutes
* Charter of Liberties
* Magna Carta

Acts of parliaments of states preceding
the Kingdom of Great Britain|

| Parliament of England|

* 1225–1267
* 1275–1307
* 1308–1325
* Temp. incert.
* 1327–1376
* 1377–1397
* 1399–1411
* 1413–1421
* 1422–1460
* 1461
* 1463
* 1464
* 1467
* 1468
* 1472
* 1474
* 1477
* 1482
* 1483
* 1485
* 1487
* 1488
* 1491
* 1495
* 1496
* 1503
* 1509
* 1511
* 1512
* 1513
* 1514
* 1515
* 1523
* 1529
* 1530
* 1531
* 1532
* 1533
* 1534
* 1535
* 1536
* 1539
* 1540
* 1541
* 1542
* 1543
* 1545
* 1546
* 1547
* 1548
* 1549
* 1551
* 1553
* 1554
* 1555
* 1557
* 1558
* 1562
* 1566
* 1571
* 1572
* 1575
* 1580
* 1584
* 1586
* 1588
* 1592
* 1597
* 1601
* 1603
* 1605
* 1606
* 1609
* 1620
* 1623
* 1625
* 1627
* Petition of Right
* 1640
* Interregnum (1642–1660)
* 1660
* 1661
* 1662
* 1663
* 1664
* 1665
* 1666
* 1667
* 1670
* 1672
* 1675
* 1677
* 1678
* 1679
* Habeas Corpus Act
* 1680
* 1685
* 1688
* 1689
* Bill of Rights
* 1690
* 1691
* 1692
* 1693
* 1694
* 1695
* 1696
* 1697
* 1698
* 1700
* 1701
* 1702
* 1703
* 1704
* 1705
* 1706
* Union with Scotland Act

|

Parliament of Scotland|

* 1424
* 1425
* 1426
* 1427
* 1428
* 1429
* 1431
* 1432
* 1433
* 1434
* 1436
* 1437
* 1438
* 1440
* 1443
* 1445
* 1449
* 1450
* 1451
* 1452
* 1454
* 1455
* 1456
* 1457
* 1466
* 1467
* 1468
* 1469
* 1471
* 1474
* 1475
* 1476
* 1478
* 1481
* 1482
* 1483
* 1485
* 1486
* 1487
* 1488
* 1489
* 1491
* 1493
* 1496
* 1503
* 1504
* 1509
* 1515
* 1522
* 1524
* 1525
* 1526
* 1528
* 1532
* 1535
* 1540
* 1542
* 1543
* 1545
* 1551
* 1555
* 1557
* 1558
* 1560
* 1563
* 1564
* 1567
* 1571
* 1572
* 1573
* 1578
* 1579
* 1581
* 1584
* 1585
* 1587
* 1592
* 1593
* 1594
* 1597
* 1600
* 1604
* 1606
* 1607
* 1609
* 1612
* 1617
* 1621
* 1633
* Rescinded (1639–1651)
* 1661
* 1662
* 1663
* 1669
* 1670
* 1672
* 1673
* 1681
* 1685
* 1686
* 1689
* Claim of Right
* 1690
* 1693
* 1695
* 1696
* 1698
* 1700
* 1701
* 1702
* 1703
* 1704
* 1705
* 1706
* 1707
* Union with England Act

Acts of Parliament of the
Kingdom of Great Britain|

* 1707
* 1708
* 1709
* 1710
* 1711
* 1712
* 1713
* 1714
* 1715
* 1716
* 1717
* 1718
* 1719
* 1720
* 1721
* 1722
* 1723
* 1724
* 1725
* 1726
* 1727
* 1728
* 1729
* 1730
* 1731
* 1732
* 1733
* 1734
* 1735
* 1736
* 1737
* 1738
* 1739
* 1740
* 1741
* 1742
* 1743
* 1744
* 1745
* 1746
* 1747
* 1748
* 1749
* 1750
* 1751
* 1753
* 1754
* 1755
* 1756
* 1757
* 1758
* 1759
* 1760
* 1761
* 1762
* 1763
* 1764
* 1765
* 1766
* 1767
* 1768
* 1769
* 1770
* 1771
* 1772
* 1773
* 1774
* 1775
* 1776
* 1777
* 1778
* 1779
* 1780
* 1781
* 1782
* 1783
* 1784
* 1785
* 1786
* 1787
* 1788
* 1789
* 1790
* 1791
* 1792
* 1793
* 1794
* 1795
* 1796
* 1797
* 1798
* 1799
* 1800

Acts of the Parliament of Ireland|

* 1169–1192
* 1200–1299
* 1300–1399
* 1400–1499
* 1500–1599
* 1600–1690
* 1691–1700
* 1701–1710
* 1711–1720
* 1721–1730
* 1731–1740
* 1741–1750
* 1751–1760
* 1761–1770
* 1771–1780
* 1781–1790
* 1791–1800

Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland and the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|

* 1801
* 1802
* 1803
* 1804
* 1805
* 1806
* 1807
* 1808
* 1809
* 1810
* 1811
* 1812
* 1813
* 1814
* 1815
* 1816
* 1817
* 1818
* 1819
* 1820
* 1821
* 1822
* 1823
* 1824
* 1825
* 1826
* 1827
* 1828
* 1829
* 1830
* 1831
* 1832
* 1833
* 1834
* 1835
* 1836
* 1837
* 1838
* 1839
* 1840
* 1841
* 1842
* 1843
* 1844
* 1845
* 1846
* 1847
* 1848
* 1849
* 1850
* 1851
* 1852
* 1853
* 1854
* 1855
* 1856
* 1857
* 1858
* 1859
* 1860
* 1861
* 1862
* 1863
* 1864
* 1865
* 1866
* 1867
* 1868
* 1869
* 1870
* 1871
* 1872
* 1873
* 1874
* 1875
* 1876
* 1877
* 1878
* 1879
* 1880
* 1881
* 1882
* 1883
* 1884
* 1885
* 1886
* 1887
* 1888
* 1889
* 1890
* 1891
* 1892
* 1893
* 1894
* 1895
* 1896
* 1897
* 1898
* 1899

* 1900
* 1901
* 1902
* 1903
* 1904
* 1905
* 1906
* 1907
* 1908
* 1909
* 1910
* 1911
* 1912
* 1913
* 1914
* 1915
* 1916
* 1917
* 1918
* 1919
* 1920
* 1921
* 1922
* 1923
* 1924
* 1925
* 1926
* 1927
* 1928
* 1929
* 1930
* 1931
* 1932
* 1933
* 1934
* 1935
* 1936
* 1937
* 1938
* 1939
* 1940
* 1941
* 1942
* 1943
* 1944
* 1945
* 1946
* 1947
* 1948
* 1949
* 1950
* 1951
* 1952
* 1953
* 1954
* 1955
* 1956
* 1957
* 1958
* 1959
* 1960
* 1961
* 1962
* 1963
* 1964
* 1965
* 1966
* 1967
* 1968
* 1969
* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979
* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989
* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999

* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025

* Halsbury's Statutes
* Legislation.gov.uk
* Short titles

relating to the EU (formerly EC)|

* 1972 to date

By session|

* 42 (1·2·3·4·5)
* 43 (1·2)
* 44 (1·2·3·4)
* 45 (1·2·3·4)
* 46
* 47 (1·2·3·4·5)
* 48 (1·2·3·4)
* 49 (1·2·3·4)
* 50 (1·2·3·4·5)
* 51 (1·2·3·4·5)
* 52 (1·2·3·4)
* 53 (1·2·3·4)
* 54 (1·2·3·4·5)
* 55 (1·2·3·4)
* 56 (1·2)
* 57 (1·2)
* 58 (1·2·3·4)
* 59 (1)

Church of England measures|

* List
* Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919

Legislation of devolved institutions|

| Parliament of Northern Ireland|

* List

|

Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)|

* List

Scottish Parliament|

* 1999
* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025

Senedd Cymru|

* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025

Northern Ireland Assembly|

* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025

Secondary legislation|

* United Kingdom statutory instruments
* Order in Council
* List of Privy Council orders
* for Northern Ireland
* List
* Scottish statutory instruments
* Acts of Sederunt
* Acts of Adjournal
* Church of England instruments
* Welsh statutory instruments

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template