Vaddukoddai Resolution

Sri Lankan political event in 1976

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The  Vaddukoddai Resolution was adopted on May 14, 1976, in Pannakam, near Vaddukoddai, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It called for the creation of an independent Tamil Eelam by the Tamil United Liberation Front under the leadership of S. J. V. Chelvanayakam. It was a major event in the modern history of Sri Lanka, as it was the first time the demand for a separate state for the Sri Lankan Tamils was made; Tamils had previously only demanded devolution or power sharing under a federal system.[1][2][3] TULF contested the 1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election on its demand for Tamil Eelam and won an overwhelming mandate in the Tamil areas, becoming the main opposition party in Sri Lanka, the only time a minority party has done so. It gave impetus to Tamil nationalists, who claimed it was a democratic endorsement of a separate state.[4][5][6][7][8]

## Background

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The adoption of the 1972 Sri Lankan Constitution made Sri Lanka a unitary state with Sinhala being the sole official language and Buddhism becoming the state religion. The Federal Party led by S. J. V. Chelvanayakam wanted a Federal state with Tamil being an official language. Prior to this point, ethnic tensions between the Sinhala and Tamil residents of the island had been growing due to events like the passage of the Ceylon Citizenship Act, which stripped all Indian Tamils of the island of their citizenship, the passage of the Sinhala Only Act which made Sinhala the only official language of the country, as well as two pogroms in 1956 and 1958. Earlier accords signed including Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam Pact and the Dudley-Chelvanayakam pact aimed at compromises were not implemented by the Sri Lankan Government.[9]

## Aftermath

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The Tamil United Liberation Front demand for Tamil Eelam led the Sri Lankan Government to pass the 6th Amendment, which made it mandatory for all members of parliament to take an oath for the unitary state of Sri Lanka. The Tamil United Liberation Front resigned and refused to take the oath at a time when Tamil militancy was on the rise. Tamil Separatists led by the LTTE took over leadership of the Tamils during the course of the Sri Lankan Civil War.[10]

## References

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1. ^ R Cheran (15 October 2009). Pathways of Dissent: Tamil Nationalism in Sri Lanka. SAGE Publications. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-81-321-0432-2. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
2. ^ Jane Derges (20 May 2013). Ritual and Recovery in Post-Conflict Sri Lanka. Routledge. pp. 24–. ISBN 978-1-136-21487-5. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
3. ^ Li-ann Thio; Jaclyn L Neo (25 February 2021). Religious Offences in Common Law Asia: Colonial Legacies, Constitutional Rights and Contemporary Practice. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 349–. ISBN 978-1-5099-3730-1. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
4. ^ "Parliamentary Election - 1977" (PDF). Department of Elections Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
5. ^ Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Sri Lanka-Tamilen zwischen Sezession und Integration. Stuttgart: Steiner. 2000. p. 394\. ISBN 3515077170.
6. ^ Jacques Bertrand ,Andre Laliberte (2010). Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance. Cambridge University Press. p. 109\. ISBN 978-0521143639.
7. ^ "Tamil United Liberation Front General Election Manifesto (July 1977)". www.sangam.org. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
8. ^ "Parliament Election (1977)". jpp.co.jp. jpp.co.jp. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
9. ^ Kearney, Robert (1985). "Ethnic Conflict and the Tamil Separatist Movement in Sri Lanka". Asian Survey. 25 (9, Sep., 1985). University of California Press: 898–917\. doi:10.2307/2644418. JSTOR 2644418.
10. ^ A. J. Wilson (1 January 2000). Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism: Its Origins and Development in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century. UBC Press. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-0-7748-0759-3. Retrieved 14 March 2013.

## External links

[edit]

* Vaddukoddai Resolution

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Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009)

Origins|

* Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism
* Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
* Sinhala Only Act
* 1956
* 1958
* Vaddukoddai Resolution
* 1977
* 1981
* Burning of Jaffna Library
* Black July

Combatants|

|  Sri Lanka|

* Army (LRRP)
* Navy
* Air Force
* Police
* Special Task Force
* Home Guards
* Attacks on civilians
* Assassinations

|

LTTE|

* Divisions
* Air Tigers
* Sea Tigers
* Black Tigers
* Attacks
* in the 1970s
* 1980s
* 1990s
* 2000s
* Assassinations
* Suicide bombings

Other militants (list)|

* ENDLF
* ENLF
* EPRLF
* EROS
* PLOTE
* TELO

India|

* Indian Peace Keeping Force

Paramilitary groups|

* EPDP
* TMVP

Phases|

* Eelam War I
* Indian intervention
* Eelam War II
* III
* IV
* Eastern / Northern theatres

Major battles|

* Kokkilai
* Vadamarachchi
* Poomalai
* Pawan
* Jaffna University Helidrop
* Balavegaya
* 1st Elephant Pass
* Pooneryn
* Riviresa
* 1st Mullaitivu
* Weli Oya
* Sath Jaya
* Vavunathivu
* Jayasikurui
* Thandikulam–Omanthai
* 1st Kilinochchi
* Oddusuddan
* A-9 highway
* 2nd Elephant Pass
* Bandaranaike Airport attack
* Point Pedro
* Jaffna
* Thoppigala
* Vidattaltivu
* 2nd Kilinochchi
* 2nd Mullaitivu
* Puthukkudiyirippu

Major events|

* Air Lanka Flight 512
* Indo-Sri Lanka Accord
* Expulsions from Northern province
* Assassination of Lalith Athulathmudali
* Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
* Assassination of Ranasinghe Premadasa
* Temple of the Tooth attack
* Lionair Flight 602
* Bandaranaike Airport attack
* Expulsions from Colombo
* 2009 suicide air raid on Colombo

Leaders|

| Sri Lanka|

| Military|

| Army|

* Tissa Weeratunga
* Nalin Seneviratne
* Hamilton Wanasinghe
* Cecil Waidyaratne
* G. H. De Silva
* Rohan Daluwatte
* Srilal Weerasooriya
* L. P. Balagalle
* Shantha Kottegoda
* Sarath Fonseka

|

Navy|

* Asoka de Silva
* H. A. Silva
* Clancy Fernando
* D. A. M. R. Samarasekara
* H. C. A. C. Thisera
* Daya Sandagiri
* Wasantha Karannagoda

Air Force|

* Dick Perera
* Andibuduge Fernando
* Makalandage Gunawardena
* Oliver Ranasinghe
* Jayalath Weerakkody
* Donald Perera
* Roshan Goonetileke

Civilian|

* J. R. Jayewardene
* Ranasinghe Premadasa
* Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
* Chandrika Kumaratunga
* Mahinda Rajapaksa

LTTE|

| Militant|

* Velupillai Prabhakaran
* Pottu Amman
* Soosai
* Karuna Amman

|

Political|

* Selvarasa Pathmanathan
* Anton Balasingham
* S. P. Thamilselvan

India|

| Military|

* Harkirat Singh
* Ashok K. Mehta
* Kulwant Singh
* Depinder Singh
* Dalvir Singh
* Krishnaswamy Sundarji

|

Civilian|

* R. Venkataraman
* Rajiv Gandhi
* V. P. Singh
* Jyotindra Nath Dixit
* J. Jayalalithaa
* M. Karunanidhi
* Vaiko

Aftermath|

* Genocide
* Films
* NPC resolution
* LLRC
* Reactions (Protests)
* Remembrance Day
* UN Panel on Accountability
* War crimes
* Chemical weapons

Related topics|

* Casualties
* Assassinations
* Massacres
* Child soldiers
* Disappearances
* Office on Missing Persons
* Human rights
* Popular culture
* Terrorism
* Non-state
* State
* PTA
* Sexual violence
* Sixth Amendment
* Thirteenth Amendment
* Women
* 1988 Maldives coup attempt
* 1987–1989 JVP insurrection

* Sri Lankan civil war at Wiktionary
* Source texts at Wikisource
* Textbooks at Wikibooks
* Images and media at the Commons
* Quotations at Wikiquote
* News stories at Wikinews

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Sri Lankan Tamil people

List of Sri Lankan Tamils

History|

| Ancient|

* History of Eastern Tamils
* Tissamaharama inscription
* Annaicoddai seal
* Ketheeswaram temple
* Koneswaram temple
* Munneswaram temple
* Tenavaram temple

|

Jaffna kingdom|

* History
* Aryacakravarti
* Jaffna Palace ruins
* Kotagama inscriptions
* Portuguese conquest
* Vannimai
* Vanniar
* Demala Hatpattu

Colonial|

* American Ceylon Mission
* Wesleyan Methodist Mission
* Jaffna Youth Congress

Post-colonial|

* Nationalism
* Colonisation
* Sinhala Only Act
* Riots
* Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact
* Standardisation
* Militancy
* Vaddukoddai Resolution
* Tamil Eelam
* Burning of Jaffna library
* Black July
* Civil war
* NPC Resolution on Genocide

Politics|

| Government|

* Northern Provincial Council
* Government of the Northern Province
* Governors
* Chief Ministers
* Eastern Provincial Council
* Governors
* Chief Ministers

|

Political parties|

* All Ceylon Tamil Congress
* Federal Party
* Tamil United Liberation Front
* Tamil National Alliance
* Democratic Tamil National Alliance
* Tamil National People's Front
* Tamil People's National Alliance

Militant groups|

* ENDLF
* ENLF
* EPRLF
* EORS
* LTTE
* PLOTE
* TELO

Diaspora|

* British Tamils Forum
* Canadian Tamil Congress
* Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America
* Global Tamil Forum
* Tamils Against Genocide
* Tamil Youth Organisation
* Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam

Society|

* Eelam
* Genetic studies
* Karaiyar
* Koviar
* Mukkuvar
* Nalavar
* Paraiyar
* Thesavalamai
* Vellalar
* Vedar

| Culture|

* Cinema
* Representations in Indian cinema
* Literature
* News
* Saturday Review
* Sudar Oli
* Tamil Guardian
* TamilNet
* Tamil Times
* Thinakaran
* Thinakkural
* Uthayan
* Virakesari

|

Diaspora|

* Australia
* Canada
* France
* Germany
* Italy
* India
* Malaysia
* New Zealand
* Pakistan
* United Kingdom
* United States

Languages and dialects|

* Batticaloa Tamil
* Jaffna Tamil
* Negombo Tamil
* Loanwords

Religion|

* Hinduism
* Naguleswaram temple
* Nallur Kandaswamy temple
* Catholicism
* Shrine of Our Lady of Madhu
* Village deities

Sport|

* Cricket
* Football

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