Vaginitis emphysematosa

Medical condition

Vaginitis emphysematosa

Specialty| Gynecology

The term Vaginitis emphysematosa is related to Women's Reproductive Health and coined by Zweifel in 1877. The cases of Vaginitis emphysematosa are rare. The most important thing is that women never consult with the doctors for particularly Vaginitis emphysematosa but when they visit a doctor for some other reproductive health issue, they diagnose with the Vaginitis emphysematosa fortunately. Vaginitis emphysematosa is not common and Gynaecologists rarely know about it. Basically, this is characterised by gas-filled cysts in the mucosa of the vagina.[1] Vaginitis emphysematosa is usually a self limited cystic disorder of the vagina. It is a very rare condition and has not much specific features to arouse clinical suspicion.[2]

The term ''Vaginitis emphysematosa'' has 'vaginitis' in it but it has been observed that inflammation is generally mild and absent.[2] This is characterised by gas-filled cysts in the vaginal wall and does not imply life-threatening infection.[3]

## Symptoms and signs

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Vaginitis emphysematosa occurs primarily in pregnant women, but there are some cases of non-pregnant women too.[4] It is a rare, benign vaginal cyst identified in 173 cases.[5][6][7][8] Women that have been affected were 42 to 65 years old.[6] The cysts appear grouped but defined from one another, smooth, and can be as large as 2 cm.[5] Symptoms included: vaginal discharge, itching, sensation of pressure, appearance of nodules, and sometimes a "popping sound".[5][9]

## Causes

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The cause is unknown. Histological examination showed the cysts contained pink hyaline-like material, foreign body-type giant cells in the cyst's wall, with chronic inflammatory cell fluid. The gas-filled cysts are identified with CT imaging. The gas contained in the cysts has been analysed and consists of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and sulphur dioxide.[5] Treatment may not be required and no complications follow the resolution of the cysts.[6] It may be associated with immunosuppression, trichomonas, or Haemophilus vaginalis infection.[5][10] Vaginitis emphysematous is characterized by gas-filled cysts in the vaginal wall.[5][8]

## Diagnosis

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## See also

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* Vaginal cysts
* Vaginal tumours
* Female reproductive system Vaginitis
* Female reproductive system § Vulva

## References

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1. ^ Leder, Richard A.; Paulson, Erik K. (2001-03-01). "Vaginitis Emphysematosa". American Journal of Roentgenology. 176 (3): 623–625\. doi:10.2214/ajr.176.3.1760623. ISSN 0361-803X. PMID 11222191.
2. ^ a b Al, A; Al, H; Ramesh, V (April 2002). "Vaginitis emphysematosa". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 78 (2): 155. doi:10.1136/sti.78.2.155. ISSN 1368-4973. PMC 1744439. PMID 12081185.
3. ^ Paulson, Erik; Leder, R. A. (2001-01-01). "Vaginitis emphysematosa: CT and review of the literature". American Journal of Roentgenology. 176 (3): 623–625\. doi:10.2214/ajr.176.3.1760623. ISSN 0361-803X. PMID 11222191.
4. ^ Francke, Paul (1961-07-01). "Vaginitis Emphysematosa". Radiology. 77 (1): 114–116\. doi:10.1148/77.1.114. ISSN 0033-8419. PMID 13701253.
5. ^ a b c d e f Leder, Richard A.; Paulson, Erik K. (2012-11-23). "Vaginitis Emphysematosa". American Journal of Roentgenology. 176 (3): 623–625\. doi:10.2214/ajr.176.3.1760623. PMID 11222191.
6. ^ a b c Kramer, K.; Tobón, H. (August 1987). "Vaginitis emphysematosa". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 111 (8): 746–749\. ISSN 0003-9985. PMID 3632288.
7. ^ Toy, Turan; Yazici, Fatma (2011). "Female Genital Tract Cysts". European Journal of General Medicine. 9: 21–26\. doi:10.29333/ejgm/82499.
8. ^ a b EILBER, KARYN SCHLUNT; RAZ, SHLOMO (2003). "Benign Cystic Lesions of the Vagina: A Literature Review". The Journal of Urology. 170 (3): 717–722\. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000062543.99821.a2. PMID 12913681.
9. ^ Heller, Debra S. (2012). "Vaginal Cysts". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 16 (2): 140–144\. doi:10.1097/lgt.0b013e3182320ef0. PMID 22126833. S2CID 826917.
10. ^ Escoffery, C. T.; Sinclair, P. A.; Guthrie, W. (September 2001). "Vaginitis emphysematosa associated with an abnormal Pap smear". The West Indian Medical Journal. 50 (3): 234–235\. ISSN 0043-3144. PMID 11769034.

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Female diseases of the pelvis and genitals

Internal|

| Adnexa|

| Ovary|

* Endometriosis of ovary
* Female infertility
* Ovulatory disorder
* Anovulation
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* Poor ovarian reserve
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* Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
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Fallopian tube|

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Uterus|

| Endometrium|

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* Female infertility
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Myometrium|

* Adenomyosis
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Parametrium|

* Parametritis

Cervix|

* Cervical cancer
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General|

* Hematometra / Pyometra
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Vagina|

* Hematocolpos / Hydrocolpos
* Leukorrhea / Vaginal discharge
* Vaginitis
* Atrophic vaginitis
* Bacterial vaginosis
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* Hydrocolpos
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Sexual dysfunction|

* Dyspareunia
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* Vaginal bleeding
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Other|

* Pelvic congestion syndrome
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External|

| Vulva|

* Vulvar cancer
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Female reproductive system

Internal|

| Adnexa|

| Ovaries|

| Follicles|

* Corpus
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* Albicans
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Other|

* Germinal epithelium
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Oogenesis|

* Oogonium
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Fallopian tubes|

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Ligaments|

* Ovarian ligaments
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Wolffian vestiges|

* Gartner's ducts
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Uterus|

| Regions|

* Body
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* Fundus
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* Cervix
* Canal
* Internal os
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* Supravaginal portion
* Horns

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Layers|

* Wall
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* Epithelium

Ligaments|

* Round ligaments
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General|

* Glands
* Urogenital diaphragm

Vestibular glands|

* Bartholin's glands
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Vagina|

* Canal
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* Walls
* Fornices
* Support structures
* Epithelium

External|

| Vulva|

| Labia|

* Mons pubis
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Clitoris|

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Vestibule|

* Fossa
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Blood supply|

* Arteries
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Other|

* G-spot
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