Varig Flight 810

1962 aviation accident

Varig Flight 810

A Boeing 707 of Varig, similar to the one involved in the accident

Accident
Date| 27 November 1962
Summary| Controlled flight into terrain
Site| 25 kilometers Southeast of Lima Airport
12°7′20.3844″S 76°56′24.5862″W﻿ / ﻿12.122329000°S 76.940162833°W﻿ / -12.122329000; -76.940162833Coordinates: 12°7′20.3844″S 76°56′24.5862″W﻿ / ﻿12.122329000°S 76.940162833°W﻿ / -12.122329000; -76.940162833
Aircraft
Aircraft type| Boeing 707-441
Operator| Varig
Registration| PP-VJB
Flight origin| Galeão International Airport, Rio de Janeiro
1st stopover| Jorge Chávez International Airport, Lima
2nd stopover| El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá
3rd stopover| Tocumen International Airport, Panama City
Last stopover| Mexico City International Airport, Mexico City
Destination| Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles
Passengers| 80
Crew| 17
Fatalities| 97
Survivors| 0

Varig Flight 810 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro to Los Angeles with stopovers in Lima, Bogotá, Panama City, and Mexico City. On 27 November 1962 the Boeing 707-441 operating the route crashed into a mountain on approach to Lima, killing all 97 passengers and crew. At the time it was the deadliest aviation accident in Peru.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Aircraft
* 2 Crew
* 3 Synopsis
* 4 Conclusions
* 5 See also
* 6 References

## Aircraft[edit]

The aircraft involved in the accident was a Boeing 707-441 equipped with four Rolls-Royce Conway 508 engines, registered PP-VJB to Varig. At the time of the accident the aircraft was two years old and sustained 6,326 flight hours; its certificate of airworthiness (CofA) was issued 12 September 1962 and was due to expire on 22 May 1963.[1][2][3]

## Crew[edit]

Due to having two crew on board, 17 crew members were aboard the flight, of which eight were cockpit crew.[2] The cockpit crews consisted of:[4]

* Captains Gilberto Salomoni and Edu Michel
* Co-pilots Frederico Helmut Hirschmann and Gaspar Balthazar Ferrario
* Flight engineers Leonardo Nunhofer and Armindo Ferreira Maciel
* Radio operators Besmar Lino dos Reis and Francisco Evangelista Oliveira

All crew members were citizens of Brazil except for two stewardesses.

## Synopsis[edit]

At 03:43 UTC the flight departed from Rio en route to Lima carrying 80 passengers and 17 crew members. The flight passed Pirassununga at 04:30, Campo Grande at 05:24, Corumbá at 05:48, Santa Cruz at 06:30, Cochabamba at 06:52, Charaña at 07:15, and Pisco at 08:13. The crew established contact with Lima air traffic control at 08:09 while at an altitude of 36,000 feet (11,000 m) and declared they would pass Pisco at 08:13 before reaching Lima airport at 08:36. When requesting permission to descend, air traffic control warned the Boeing 707 of the presence of a Douglas DC-6 that would also reach Pisco at 08:13, but the DC-6 was at an altitude of 13,500 feet (4,100 m). At 08:14, one minute after passing Pisco, the Boeing 707 started descent, reporting at 08:19 to be at an altitude of 26,000 feet.

Shortly thereafter the flight was granted authorization for a straight-in approach to runway 33. At 08:24 the flight reported to ATC it was at an altitude of 15,000 feet (4,600 m) whilst still in descent; at 08:30 it had reached and altitude of 12,000 feet (3,700 m) and was directly overhead of Las Palmas. Because the flight was at too high for a straight-in approach to runway 33, ATC suggested rotating 360° over the point of Las Palmas to lose enough altitude for an approach and report again when the turn was completed. The flight continued descending then turned slightly right from its 330° heading, passing east of the airport before making a left turn and passing over the airport.

The flight continued the turn until it was heading south, passing the west of Las Palmas in order to initiate the procedure from the ILS course, then finally made a 180° turn to reach the ILS back course, at a heading of 327°. The flight stayed on the standard intercept course for nearly three minutes until before initiating the turn North. The heading of the flight was 333° when it crashed into the Laz Cruz Peak, eight miles east from the approach track for the planned ILS course. Communications with ATC ceased at 08:37, and an emergency was declared at 08:55.[5]

The wreckage of the Boeing 707 was found at 18:00 by the Peruvian Air Force. The impact of the crash and explosion from the crash completely destroyed the aircraft, killing all 80 passengers and 17 crew members.[5] Visibility at the time of the accident was reported to be 14 kilometres (8.7 mi).[6]

## Conclusions[edit]

The aircraft was determined to be flying normally at impact; at the time of impact the engines were operating at approach power. No one cause to the accident could be proven conclusively, but several theories have arisen.[7] The flight time for the 113 mile distance between Pisco and Lima was listed as 23 minutes on the flight plan, when in reality the average flying time reported by other airlines was closer to 16 minutes. The overestimate of time by seven minutes resulted in the aircraft's excessive altitude when arriving at Lima. Analysis of data suggested it was possible that the pilot incorrectly tuned to the Limatambo Non-directional radio beacon in the belief it was for LIM 335. There was also a possibility that the navigation equipment was giving the flight crew inaccurate information, or a malfunction of the automatic direction finder causing the flight crew to believe the ILS was not functioning.[7][8]

The probable cause of the accident was cited as follows:

> "A deviation, for reasons unknown, from the track prescribed for the instrument approach along the ILS back course of Lima-Callao Airport."[1]

## See also[edit]

* Avianca Flight 410
* Air Inter Flight 148
* Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268
* American Airlines Flight 965

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-441 PP-VJB Lima-Callao International Airport (LIM)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
2. ^ a b ICAO Accident Digest No.14 Volume II, Circular 71-AN/63 (140-144)
3. ^ "Histórico do PP-VJB - Aviação Pauista". www.aviacaopaulista.com. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
4. ^ SIlva, Carlos Ari César Germano da (2008). O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através de seus acidentes (1928-1996) (in Portuguese). EDIPUCRS. p. 222\. ISBN 9788574307602.
5. ^ a b ICAO Accident Digest No.14 Volume II, Circular 71-AN/63 (pg. 140)
6. ^ ICAO Accident Digest No.14 Volume II, Circular 71-AN/63 (pg. 141)
7. ^ a b Gero, David (2009-09-01). Aviation Disasters: The World's Major Civil Airliner Crashes Since 1950. The History Press. ISBN 9780752499925.
8. ^ ICAO Accident Digest No.14 Volume II, Circular 71-AN/63 (pg. 144)

* v
* t
* e

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1962 (1962)

* Feb 25 Avensa Fairchild F-27 accident
* Mar 1 American Airlines Flight 1
* Mar 4 Caledonian Airways Flight 153
* Mar 8 Turkish Airlines crash
* Mar 16 Flying Tiger Line Flight 739
* May 6 Channel Airways Dakota accident
* May 12 Godthab Catalina crash
* May 22 Continental Airlines Flight 11
* Jun 3 Air France Flight 007
* Jun 22 Air France Flight 117
* Jun 30 Aeroflot Flight 902
* Jul 7 Alitalia Flight 771
* Jul 19 United Arab Airlines Flight 869
* Jul 22 Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 301
* Jul 28 Aeroflot Flight 415
* Aug 1 Royal Nepal Airlines DC-3 crash
* Sep 3 Aeroflot Flight 3
* Sep 18 Aeroflot Flight 213
* Nov 23 United Airlines Flight 297
* Nov 27 Varig Flight 810
* Nov 30 Eastern Air Lines Flight 512
* Dec 19 LOT Vickers Viscount accident

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