Vegetation (pathology)

Histopathology of a vegetation of bacterial endocarditis, taken from a valve repair, H&E stain.

Abnormal growths in the heart associated with endocarditis

In medicine, a vegetation is an abnormal growth[1] named for its similarity to natural vegetation. Vegetations are often associated with endocarditis.[2][3][4] They can be made of fibrin[5] and platelets.[6]

## Types

[edit]

Certain conditions are associated with specific vegetation patterns:

Condition  | Size  | Infective?

|
|

Infective endocarditis related to Staphylococcus aureus | Generally large  | Yes
Rheumatic fever related to Streptococcus pyogenes | Typically small  |
Libman–Sacks endocarditis related to systemic lupus erythematosus | Small  | No (sterile)
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE)  | Small  | No (sterile)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Vegetation" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
2. ^ Miyata E, Satoh S, Inokuchi K, et al. (September 2007). "Three fatal cases of rapidly progressive infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus: one case with huge vegetation". Circ. J. 71 (9): 1488–91\. doi:10.1253/circj.71.1488. PMID 17721034.
3. ^ Gotsman I, Meirovitz A, Meizlish N, Gotsman M, Lotan C, Gilon D (May 2007). "Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of morbidity and mortality in infective endocarditis: the significance of vegetation size". Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 9 (5): 365–9\. PMID 17591374.
4. ^ "eMedicine/Stedman Medical Dictionary Lookup!". Archived from the original on 2008-02-16.
5. ^ "Pathology Education: Cardiovascular".
6. ^ "eMedicine/Stedman Medical Dictionary Lookup!". Archived from the original on 2008-02-16.

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Cardiovascular disease (heart)

Ischemia|

| Coronary disease|

* Coronary artery disease (CAD)
* Coronary artery aneurysm
* Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)
* Coronary thrombosis
* Coronary vasospasm
* Myocardial bridge

|

Active ischemia|

* Angina pectoris
* Prinzmetal's angina
* Stable angina
* Acute coronary syndrome
* Myocardial infarction
* Unstable angina

Sequelae|

* hours
* Hibernating myocardium
* Myocardial stunning
* days
* Myocardial rupture
* weeks
* Ventricular aneurysm
* Dressler syndrome

Layers|

| Pericardium|

* Pericarditis
* Acute
* Chronic / Constrictive
* Pericardial effusion
* Cardiac tamponade
* Hemopericardium

|

Myocardium|

* Myocarditis
* Chagas disease
* Cardiomyopathy
* Dilated
* Alcoholic
* Hypertrophic
* Tachycardia-induced
* Restrictive
* Loeffler endocarditis
* Cardiac amyloidosis
* Endocardial fibroelastosis
* Viral
* Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

Endocardium /
valves|

| Endocarditis|

* infective endocarditis
* Subacute bacterial endocarditis
* non-infective endocarditis
* Libman–Sacks endocarditis
* Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

|

Valves|

* mitral
* prolapse
* stenosis
* regurgitation
* aortic
* stenosis
* regurgitation
* tricuspid
* stenosis
* regurgitation
* pulmonary
* stenosis
* regurgitation

Conduction /
arrhythmia|

| Bradycardia|

* Sinus bradycardia
* Sick sinus syndrome
* Heart block: Sinoatrial
* AV
* 1°
* 2°
* 3°
* Intraventricular
* Bundle branch block
* Right
* Left
* Left anterior fascicle
* Left posterior fascicle
* Bifascicular
* Trifascicular
* Adams–Stokes syndrome

|

Tachycardia
(paroxysmal and sinus)|

| Supraventricular|

* Atrial
* Multifocal
* Junctional
* AV nodal reentrant
* Junctional ectopic

|

Ventricular|

* Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
* Catecholaminergic polymorphic
* Torsades de pointes

Premature contraction|

* Atrial
* Junctional
* Ventricular

Pre-excitation syndrome|

* Lown–Ganong–Levine
* Wolff–Parkinson–White

Flutter / fibrillation|

* Atrial flutter
* Ventricular flutter
* Atrial fibrillation
* Familial
* Ventricular fibrillation

Pacemaker|

* Ectopic pacemaker / Ectopic beat
* Multifocal atrial tachycardia
* Pacemaker syndrome
* Parasystole
* Wandering atrial pacemaker

Long QT syndrome|

* Andersen–Tawil
* Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
* Romano–Ward

Cardiac arrest|

* Sudden cardiac death
* Asystole
* Pulseless electrical activity
* Sinoatrial arrest

Other / ungrouped|

* hexaxial reference system
* Right axis deviation
* Left axis deviation
* QT
* Short QT syndrome
* T
* T wave alternans
* ST
* J wave
* ST elevation
* ST depression
* Strain pattern

Cardiomegaly|

* Ventricular hypertrophy
* Left
* Right
* Pulmonary
* Atrial enlargement
* Left
* Right
* Athletic heart syndrome

Other|

* Cardiac fibrosis
* Heart failure
* Diastolic heart failure
* Cardiac asthma
* Rheumatic fever
* Obstructive shock

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