Victor Fleming

American film director, cinematographer, and producer

For the American basketball player, see Victor Fleming (basketball). For the Arkansas lawyer and judge, see Vic Fleming.

Victor Fleming

Fleming in 1927

Born|

Victor Lonzo Fleming

(1889-02-23)February 23, 1889

La Cañada Flintridge, California, U.S.

Died| January 6, 1949(1949-01-06) (aged 59)

Cottonwood, Arizona, U.S.

Resting place| Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Occupations|

* Director
* cinematographer
* producer

Years active| 1910–1949
Known for|

* Treasure Island
* Captains Courageous
* The Wizard of Oz
* Gone with the Wind
* Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
* Joan of Arc

Spouse| Lucile Rosson (1933–1949)

Victor Lonzo Fleming (February 23, 1889 – January 6, 1949) was an American film director, cinematographer, and producer. His most popular films were Gone with the Wind, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director, and The Wizard of Oz (both 1939). Fleming has those same two films listed in the top 10 of the American Film Institute's 2007 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list.

## Biography[edit]

### Early life[edit]

Fleming was born at the Banbury Ranch near what is now La Cañada Flintridge, California, the son of Eva (née Hartman) and William Richard Lonzo Fleming.[1]

### Career[edit]

He served in the photographic section for the United States Army during World War I, and acted as chief photographer for President Woodrow Wilson in Versailles, France.[2] Beginning in 1918, Fleming taught at and headed Columbia University's School of Military Cinematography, training over 700 soldiers to cut, edit, shoot, develop, store and ship film; filmmakers that participated in the program included Josef von Sternberg, Ernest B. Schoedsack, and Lewis Milestone.[3] He showed a mechanical aptitude early in life; while working as a car mechanic, he met the director Allan Dwan, who took him on as a camera assistant. He soon rose to the rank of cinematographer, working with both Dwan and D. W. Griffith, and directed his first film in 1919.[4]

Many of his silent films were action movies, often starring Douglas Fairbanks, or Westerns. Because of his robust attitude and love of outdoor sports, he became known as a "man's director"; however, he also proved an effective director of women. Under his direction, Vivien Leigh won the Best Actress Oscar, Hattie McDaniel won for Best Supporting Actress, and Olivia de Havilland was nominated.

In the opinion of veteran cinematographer Archie Stout, of all the directors he worked with Fleming was the most knowledgeable when it came to camera angles and appropriate lenses.[5] He was remembered by Van Johnson as a being a masterful director but a "tough man" to work for.[6] He was close friends with another veteran cinematographer, Charles Schoenbaum.[7]

### Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer[edit]

> “Fleming wasn’t a joking man, he was a very serious, demanding man, and very positive in what he wanted to get, and most of his leading men were patterned after his own behavior; he was a real tough man. I think there was more Fleming in Clark Gable at the end than there was Gable in Gable. I think that Gable mimicked Fleming and became that kind of man on the screen.”—Filmmaker Henry Hathaway, from interview in Focus on Film No. 7, 1971[8]

In 1932, Fleming joined MGM and directed some of the studio's most prestigious films. Red Dust (1932), Bombshell (1933), and Reckless (1935) showcasing Jean Harlow, while Treasure Island (1934) starring Wallace Beery and Captains Courageous (1937) with Spencer Tracy brought a touch of literary distinction to boy's-own adventure stories. His two most famous films came in 1939, when The Wizard of Oz was closely followed by Gone with the Wind.

Fleming's version of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941), with Spencer Tracy, was generally rated below Rouben Mamoulian's 1931 pre-Code version, which had starred Fredric March. Fleming's 1942 film version of John Steinbeck's Tortilla Flat starred Tracy, John Garfield, Hedy Lamarr, and Frank Morgan. Other films that Fleming made with Tracy include Captains Courageous (for which Tracy won his first Oscar), A Guy Named Joe, and Test Pilot. He directed Clark Gable in a total of five films – Red Dust, The White Sister, Test Pilot, Gone with the Wind, and Adventure.

## Personal life[edit]

He owned the Moraga Estate in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, then a horse ranch.[9][10][11] Frequent guests to his estate included Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, Ingrid Bergman, and Spencer Tracy.[10]

He died en route to a hospital in Cottonwood, Arizona,[12] after suffering a heart attack on January 6, 1949. His death occurred shortly after completing Joan of Arc (1948) with Ingrid Bergman, one of the few films that he did not make for MGM. Despite mixed reviews, Fleming's film version of the life of Joan received seven Oscar nominations, winning two.

### Political beliefs[edit]

It was reported in James Curtis's book Spencer Tracy: A Biography[13] that Anne Revere once said Fleming was "violently pro-Nazi" and strongly opposed to the United States entering World War II. According to the Fleming biography Victor Fleming: An American Movie Master,[14] by author Michael Sragow, Fleming had once mocked the UK at the outset of World War II by taking a bet as to how long the country could withstand an attack by Germany.

The accuracy of Revere's characterization of Fleming has been disputed, however. According to Victor Fleming: An American Movie Master, Revere had made her comment because she felt she had been cast in the film The Yearling over Flora Robson because Robson was British. However, at the time of the casting, Fleming was working on the film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, which featured a British producer and a cast largely composed of British or British Commonwealth actors. Furthermore, Revere did not know Fleming beyond their professional relationship.[14]

## Filmography[edit]

On set of Gone with the Wind (1939). Left to right: Director Victor Fleming, Olivia de Havilland, and Louis Jean Heydt

* The Half-Breed (1916)
* When the Clouds Roll By (1919) (directorial debut)
* The Mollycoddle (1920)
* Mama's Affair (1921)
* Woman's Place (1921)
* The Lane That Had No Turning (1922)
* Red Hot Romance (1922)
* Anna Ascends (1922)
* Dark Secrets (1923)
* Law of the Lawless (1923)
* To the Last Man (1923)
* The Call of the Canyon (1923)
* Empty Hands (1924)
* Code of the Sea (1924)
* Adventure (1925)
* The Devil's Cargo (1925)
* A Son of His Father (1925)
* Lord Jim (1925)
* The Blind Goddess (1926)
* Mantrap (1926)
* The Way of All Flesh (1927)
* Hula (1927)
* The Rough Riders (1927)
* The Awakening (1928)
* Abie's Irish Rose (1928)
* Wolf Song (1929)
* The Virginian (1929)
* Common Clay (1930)
* Renegades (1930)
* Around the World in 80 Minutes with Douglas Fairbanks (1931)
* The Wet Parade (1932)
* Red Dust (1932)
* The White Sister (1933)
* Bombshell (1933)
* Treasure Island (1934)
* Reckless (1935)
* The Farmer Takes a Wife (1935)
* Captains Courageous (1937)
* Test Pilot (1938)
* The Wizard of Oz (1939)
* Gone with the Wind (1939)
* Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941)
* Tortilla Flat (1942)
* A Guy Named Joe (1943)
* Adventure (1945)
* Joan of Arc (1948) (final film)

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ^ Michael Sragow (2013). Victor Fleming: An American Movie Master. University Press of Kentucky. p. 19\. ISBN 9780813144429.
2. ^ "Victor Fleming Biography". biography.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
3. ^ "Ask Alma's Owl: Victor Fleming and Columbia's School of Military Cinematography". Columbia News. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
4. ^ Gabbard, Glen O.; Gabbard, Krin (1999). Psychiatry and the Cinema (2 ed.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc. p. 37\. ISBN 0-88048-826-3.
5. ^ Donati, William (2013). Ida Lupino: A Biography. University Press of Kentucky. p. 215\. ISBN 978-0-8131-4352-1.
6. ^ Burt Reynolds’ Conversations with... Hollywood, episode with Jimmy Stewart et al. CBS Entertainment Productions, 1991.
7. ^ Sragow, Michael (2013). Victor Fleming: An American Movie Master. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. p. 195\. ISBN 9780813144436.
8. ^ Canham, 1973 p. 142
9. ^ "Moraga Estate - History". May 8, 2013. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
10. ^ a b James, Meg (May 10, 2013). "Rupert Murdoch buys Moraga Vineyards estate in Bel Air". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
11. ^ Virbila, S. Irene (February 8, 2013). "Moraga Vineyards in Bel Air for sale". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
12. ^ "Prescott Evening Courier - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved November 30, 2014.
13. ^ Curtis, James (2011). Spencer Tracy: A Biography. New York City: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 417\. ISBN 978-0307262899.
14. ^ a b Sragow, Michael (2008). Victor Fleming: An American Movie Master. New York City: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0375407482.

## References[edit]

* Canham, Kingsley (1973). The Hollywood Professionals: Michael Curtiz, Raoul Walsh, Henry Hathaway, Volume 1. New York: The Tanvity Press, A. S. Barnes Co. p. 200\. ISBN 978-0900730580.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Victor Fleming.

* Victor Fleming at IMDb
* Victor Fleming at AllMovie
* Victor Fleming at the TCM Movie Database
* The Real Rhett Butler – David Denby on Victor Fleming (The New Yorker)
* Victor Fleming at Find a Grave

* v
* t
* e

Films directed by Victor Fleming

* When the Clouds Roll By (1919)
* The Mollycoddle (1920)
* Mama's Affair (1921)
* Woman's Place (1921)
* The Lane That Had No Turning (1922)
* Red Hot Romance (1922)
* Anna Ascends (1922)
* Dark Secrets (1923)
* Law of the Lawless (1923)
* To the Last Man (1923)
* The Call of the Canyon (1923)
* Code of the Sea (1924)
* Empty Hands (1924)
* The Devil's Cargo (1925)
* Adventure (1925)
* A Son of His Father (1925)
* Lord Jim (1925)
* The Blind Goddess (1926)
* Mantrap (1926)
* The Way of All Flesh (1927)
* Hula (1927)
* The Rough Riders (1927)
* Abie's Irish Rose (1928)
* The Awakening (1928)
* Wolf Song (1929)
* The Virginian (1929)
* Common Clay (1930)
* Renegades (1930)
* Around the World in 80 Minutes with Douglas Fairbanks (1931)
* The Wet Parade (1932)
* Red Dust (1932)
* The White Sister (1933)
* Bombshell (1933)
* Treasure Island (1934)
* Reckless (1935)
* The Farmer Takes a Wife (1935)
* Captains Courageous (1937)
* Test Pilot (1938)
* The Wizard of Oz (1939)
* Gone with the Wind (1939)
* Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941)
* Tortilla Flat (1942)
* A Guy Named Joe (1943)
* Adventure (1946)
* Joan of Arc (1948)

* v
* t
* e

Academy Award for Best Director

1927–1950|

* Frank Borzage (1927/28; Dramatic Picture)
* Lewis Milestone (1927/28; Comedy Picture)
* Frank Lloyd (1928/29)
* Lewis Milestone (1929/30)
* Norman Taurog (1930/31)
* Frank Borzage (1931/32)
* Frank Lloyd (1932/33)
* Frank Capra (1934)
* John Ford (1935)
* Frank Capra (1936)
* Leo McCarey (1937)
* Frank Capra (1938)
* Victor Fleming (1939)
* John Ford (1940)
* John Ford (1941)
* William Wyler (1942)
* Michael Curtiz (1943)
* Leo McCarey (1944)
* Billy Wilder (1945)
* William Wyler (1946)
* Elia Kazan (1947)
* John Huston (1948)
* Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1949)
* Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1950)

1951–1975|

* George Stevens (1951)
* John Ford (1952)
* Fred Zinnemann (1953)
* Elia Kazan (1954)
* Delbert Mann (1955)
* George Stevens (1956)
* David Lean (1957)
* Vincente Minnelli (1958)
* William Wyler (1959)
* Billy Wilder (1960)
* Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise (1961)
* David Lean (1962)
* Tony Richardson (1963)
* George Cukor (1964)
* Robert Wise (1965)
* Fred Zinnemann (1966)
* Mike Nichols (1967)
* Carol Reed (1968)
* John Schlesinger (1969)
* Franklin J. Schaffner (1970)
* William Friedkin (1971)
* Bob Fosse (1972)
* George Roy Hill (1973)
* Francis Ford Coppola (1974)
* Miloš Forman (1975)

1976–2000|

* John G. Avildsen (1976)
* Woody Allen (1977)
* Michael Cimino (1978)
* Robert Benton (1979)
* Robert Redford (1980)
* Warren Beatty (1981)
* Richard Attenborough (1982)
* James L. Brooks (1983)
* Miloš Forman (1984)
* Sydney Pollack (1985)
* Oliver Stone (1986)
* Bernardo Bertolucci (1987)
* Barry Levinson (1988)
* Oliver Stone (1989)
* Kevin Costner (1990)
* Jonathan Demme (1991)
* Clint Eastwood (1992)
* Steven Spielberg (1993)
* Robert Zemeckis (1994)
* Mel Gibson (1995)
* Anthony Minghella (1996)
* James Cameron (1997)
* Steven Spielberg (1998)
* Sam Mendes (1999)
* Steven Soderbergh (2000)

2001–present|

* Ron Howard (2001)
* Roman Polanski (2002)
* Peter Jackson (2003)
* Clint Eastwood (2004)
* Ang Lee (2005)
* Martin Scorsese (2006)
* Joel Coen and Ethan Coen (2007)
* Danny Boyle (2008)
* Kathryn Bigelow (2009)
* Tom Hooper (2010)
* Michel Hazanavicius (2011)
* Ang Lee (2012)
* Alfonso Cuarón (2013)
* Alejandro González Iñárritu (2014)
* Alejandro González Iñárritu (2015)
* Damien Chazelle (2016)
* Guillermo del Toro (2017)
* Alfonso Cuarón (2018)
* Bong Joon-ho (2019)
* Chloé Zhao (2020/21)
* Jane Campion (2021)
* Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert (2022)

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