Video games in Canada

Overview of video games in Canada

Gamers playing at the Capybara Games booth at Fan Expo Canada

The Canadian video game industry consists of approximately 32,300 employees across 937 companies. In 2021, the industry generated an estimated US$3.4 billion in revenue, having grown by 20% since 2019.[1] Video game development is beginning to rival the film and television production industry as a major contributor to the Canadian economy.[2] The industry this year in 2023 projects to make in U.S. Dollars about 5.77 Billon Dollars.

## History

[edit]

The first documented commercial Canadian video game release was Les Têtards published by Logidisque in 1982.[3] However, Evolution and BC's Quest for Tires, both were released in 1983, and also were the first video games developed in Canada that gained substantial commercial success.[4][5] Chris Gray and Peter Liepa, from Toronto and Ottawa respectively, together created Boulder Dash in 1983 which was later acquired and published by First Star Software.[6]

In the past decade, more companies are moving from the West Coast to Ontario and Quebec, where there is more government support for studios and the cost of living is lower.[7][8][9] For example, Ubisoft opened Ubisoft Montreal in 1997 with government incentives. The studio has since grown to be one of the largest single-location studios by employee count and led other video game developers to launch studios in Montreal, including Electronic Arts and Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. Montreal itself saw a growth in younger professionals coming to the city, not only in video game programming but other technology fields. Ubisoft has since expanded out to other Canadian cities, including Ubisoft's Montreal sister studios Ubisoft Quebec and Ubisoft Saguenay.[10] However, this draw to the eastern side of Canada has left Vancouver, also once similarly thriving with video game developers, seeing its impact on the industry wane.[11]

## Demographics

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2022)

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In 2015, approximately 19 million Canadians identified as gamers (54% of the Canadian population).[12] The average Canadian gamer was 33 years old, and slightly more likely to be male. The gender split was measured to be 52% male to 48% female.[12] Console game revenue fell 32% from 2013 to 2015 but still accounts for 35% of the revenue produced by Canada's video games industry.[12] Canadians tend to prefer consoles over portable gaming.[13] Mobile games saw an increase in revenue of 20% from 2013 to 2015, and accounted for 31% of the total revenue earned by Canada's video games industry.[12] Computer game sales fell marginally (3%) and compose 25% of the industry's revenue.[12] The most popular game genres in Canada are, in order of most to least popular, action-adventures, family games, and shooters.[12]

## Research

[edit]

There has recently been a substantial amount of interest in the emergence of video game development as an industry in Canada and its impact on the economy, the creative industries, the role studios play in specific city ecosystems and how video games affect people physically and mentally. A recent study was done at McMaster University studying how playing video games improves the eyesight of those who suffer from problems pertaining to eyesight.[14] Montreal, Quebec, is a particularly popular subject of study due to the maturity of the gaming industry and its overall urban ecology.[15][16]

## Video game industry

[edit]

Ubisoft studios in Montreal, one of many game studios in the province of Quebec.

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2022)

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80% of all Canadian game studios are located in Quebec, British Columbia and Ontario.[17] Ontario is the largest producer of video games in Canada, housing 31.8% of all game studios (10 of which are large companies) and has annual expenditures of $818.4 million.[17] Quebec is the second largest, with 31.1% of companies residing in the province (22 of which are large companies) and spends $2.3 billion annually.[17] The third largest video game producer is British Columbia, which has 17.2% of all game studios (19 of which are large companies) and has annual expenditures of $1 billion.[17]

### Education

[edit]

Many Canadian post-secondary institutions offer industry relevant courses in areas such as computer programming, animation/concept art, and game design. Many of the top programs are offered in either Vancouver, British Columbia or Toronto, Ontario and the Greater Toronto Area.[18] Industry employees earn an average of $78,600 annually[1] and the average age of an employee in this industry is 32 years old.[1] According to the Entertainment Software Association of Canada in their 2015 report the skills that are most lacking in current recruitment pools are programming, art and animation, game design and data analysis.[12] As of 2016[update] it is anticipated that approximately 1,377 new jobs will be filled in the next 12–24 months, with approximately 40% being intermediate or senior level creative positions and approximately 60% being intermediate or senior level technical jobs.[12]

### Studios

[edit]

Canada is home to some of the biggest studios in the industry. Edmonton, Alberta, hosts BioWare and Prince Edward Island is home to Other Ocean Interactive.[19] EA Canada, located in Burnaby, British Columbia, is a major contributor to the industry with popular, global franchises such as FIFA and Need for Speed and has 4 other studios in Canada (Charlottetown, Edmonton, Kitchener and Montreal).[20] Rockstar Vancouver was a sizeable contributor to the Vancouver gaming scene, as well as another Rockstar studio in Toronto. Montreal's Ubisoft studio is getting a large amount of attention worldwide as the lead studio for the Far Cry series and for their contributions to the Assassin's Creed franchise.[21] As a major studio they are attracting other video game developers and studios to Montreal further defining it as the gaming capital of Canada, as well as the other major game studio, Warner Brothers Interactive.[22][23] Ubisoft Toronto is also a large contributor to the global success of the Far Cry franchises as well as Splinter Cell Blacklist.[24]

As of 2015, the entertainment software industry is growing at unprecedented rates and shows no signs of slowing down. More opportunities are being created to learn the skills relevant to the industry and as more job opportunities are being created allowing this industry to experience a healthy boom.[25][15] Many strong game development studios choosing to locate to Canada help to not only strengthen the industry but promote its longevity. Large scale gaming events such as the Canadian Videogame Awards, Fan Expo Canada and Comic-Con help to promote the industry and encourage its growth.[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]

### Media

[edit]

While Canada may have smaller representation in the games media space than other countries, there are a few active publications. Some examples are GCMagazine, and GCR. There are also larger publications that include gaming as a topic among broader coverage. Examples include MobileSyrup, ScreenRant, and CBC.[33]

## See also

[edit]

* Game Design Expo
* Montreal International Games Summit
* Video game crash of 1983

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "The Canadian Video Game Industry Research by ESAC / Nordicity" (PDF).
2. ^ "Canadian video game industry catching up to TV & film production". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
3. ^ Pinard, Daniel (1982-09-26). "De jeunes cracks de l'informatique". Radio-Canada. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
4. ^ Peter Nowak (2010-09-13). "The evolution of video games in Canada". CBC News.
5. ^ Paul Jay (2008-10-17). "Canadian traditions: Hockey, double doubles ... and video games?". CBC News.
6. ^ Peter Nowak (2010-09-13). "The evolution of video games in Canada, part 2". CBC News.
7. ^ "Canadian Prime Minister Visits Ubisoft Montreal". Game Informer. Archived from the original on February 29, 2016. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
8. ^ "How A Small Government Program Helped Turn Toronto Into A Videogame Sanctuary". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
9. ^ "Vancouver's video-game industry is slowly disappearing - Canadian Business - Your Source For Business News". Canadian Business - Your Source For Business News. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
10. ^ "Respawned: How video games revitalize cities". CBC News. 14 September 2010. Archived from the original on 25 October 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
11. ^ Wallace, Omri (March 7, 2019). "Vancouver's Once Thriving Game Industry Is At A Crossroads". GameDaily.biz. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
12. ^ a b c d e f g h "Essential Facts About the Canadian Video Game Industry" (PDF). Entertainment Software Association of Canada. 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
13. ^ "Nintendo Canada GM Pierre-Paul Trepanier on what makes Canadian gamers different|". canadianbusiness.com. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
14. ^ Sanders, Laura (March 10, 2012). "Video games improve vision". Science News. ProQuest 928428877.
15. ^ a b Darchen, Sebastien; Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle (2015-02-01). "Policies for Creative Clusters: A Comparison between the Video Game Industries in Melbourne and Montreal" (PDF). European Planning Studies. 23 (2): 311–331\. doi:10.1080/09654313.2013.865712. ISSN 0965-4313. S2CID 55757945.
16. ^ Grandadam, David; Cohendet, Patrick; Simon, Laurent (2013-11-01). "Places, Spaces and the Dynamics of Creativity: The Video Game Industry in Montreal". Regional Studies. 47 (10): 1701–1714\. doi:10.1080/00343404.2012.699191. ISSN 0034-3404. S2CID 143525563.
17. ^ a b c d "The Canadian Video Game Industry 2021" (PDF). November 2021.
18. ^ "Top 10 Animation, Gaming and Art and Design Schools in Canada". www.universities-colleges-schools.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
19. ^ "Canada's gaming industry is kicking butt". Financial Post. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
20. ^ "Locations Worldwide | EA Careers Canada". careers.ea.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
21. ^ "Our studio". montreal.ubisoft.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
22. ^ Hope-Johnston, Synden (29 April 2015). "Montreal Is Hosting A Video Game Takeover This May". www.mtlblog.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
23. ^ "WB Games Montréal". wbgamesmontreal.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
24. ^ "Ubisoft Toronto - Welcome to our World". toronto.ubisoft.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
25. ^ a b Barrett, Jessica (2014-02-03). "Labour crunch hits canada's video game industry". Leader Post. ProQuest 1494234597.
26. ^ "Canadian Videogame Awards - CVA 2015". CVA 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
27. ^ "Toronto ComiCon |". comicontoronto.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
28. ^ "Vancouver Comicon". www.vancouvercomiccon.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
29. ^ "Home - Comiccon". www.montrealcomiccon.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
30. ^ "Gaming Expo News | Fan Expo Canada". fanexpocanada.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
31. ^ "Fan Expo Vancouver |". fanexpovancouver.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
32. ^ "Fan Expo Regina |". fanexporegina.com. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
33. ^ Awards, The Game. "Voting Jury | The Game Awards". Voting Jury | The Game Awards. Retrieved 2025-02-21.

## External links

[edit]

* The Entertainment Software Association of Canada
* Tier Lists for Competitive Games of Canada

History of video games

* v
* t
* e

Chronology of video games

Early history|

* 1947–1972

1970s|

* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979

1980s|

* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989

1990s|

* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999

2000s|

* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009

2010s|

* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019

2020s|

* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025
* In development

* v
* t
* e

Video game history by platform

By platform|

* Early mainframe games
* History of arcade video games
* Golden age
* Timeline
* History of video game consoles
* Crash of 1983
* Console war
* History of mobile games

By console generation|

* First (1972–1980)
* Second (1976–1992)
* Third (1983–2003)
* Fourth (1987–2003)
* Fifth (1993–2005)
* Sixth (1998–2013)
* Seventh (2005–2017)
* Eighth (2012–)
* Ninth (2020–)

* v
* t
* e

Video game genres

* List of video game genres

Action|

| Platformer|

* Endless runner
* Platform fighter

|

Shooter|

* Arena
* First-person
* Hero
* Light gun
* Looter Shooter
* Shoot 'em up
* Bullet hell
* Rail
* Twin-stick
* Tactical
* Third-person

Survival|

* Battle royale
* Survival horror

Other|

* Beat 'em up
* Hack and slash
* Fighting
* Platform fighter
* Maze
* Pac-Man clone
* Snake
* Stealth

Action-adventure|

* Grand Theft Auto clone
* Metroidvania
* Soulslike

Adventure|

* Escape room
* Graphic adventure
* Interactive fiction
* Interactive film
* Visual novel
* Walking sim

Digital tabletop|

* Deck-building
* Roguelike deck-building
* Digital collectible card

Puzzle|

* Hidden object
* Tile-matching

Roguelike|

* Roguelike deck-building
* Vampire Survivors-like

Role-playing|

* Action role-playing
* Looter shooter
* Soulslike
* Dungeon crawl
* MMORPG
* Monster-taming
* Tactical role-playing
* Turn-based role-playing
* Real-time role-playing

Simulation|

| Life|

* Dating
* Farming
* God
* Social
* Virtual pet

|

CMS|

* Business
* City-building
* Government

Sports|

* Fishing
* Racing
* Kart racing
* Sim racing

Vehicle|

* Flight simulation
* Combat
* Lunar Lander
* Space
* Submarine simulator
* Train simulator
* Vehicular combat

Other|

* Falling-sand
* Immersive sim

Strategy|

* 4X
* Auto battler
* MOBA
* Real-time strategy
* Time management
* Real-time tactics
* Tactical role-playing
* Tower defense
* Turn-based strategy
* Turn-based tactics
* Artillery
* Wargame
* Grand strategy

Other genres|

* Cozy
* Fitness
* Horror
* Survival horror
* Incremental
* Music
* Rhythm
* Non-game
* Party
* Photography
* Programming
* Typing

Related concepts|

| Themes|

* Advergame
* Bishōjo
* Christian
* Comedy
* Educational
* Girls
* Licensed
* Otome
* Sexual
* Eroge
* Nonviolent
* Personalized
* Sci-fi
* Serious
* Art
* Climate change
* News

|

Player modes|

* Multiplayer
* Co-op
* PVP
* Single-player

Production|

* AAA
* Indie
* Doujin soft
* Fan game

Design|

* Casual
* Hypercasual
* Emergent gameplay
* FMV
* Gacha
* Kaizo
* Masocore
* Nonlinear gameplay
* Open world
* Sandbox
* Side-scrolling
* Twitch gameplay
* Vertically scrolling

Other|

* Minigame
* Toys-to-life
* Video game clone
* Video game modding
* Video game remake

* v
* t
* e

Video games by country

Africa|

* Ghana
* Kenya
* Nigeria
* South Africa

Americas|

* Latin America
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Canada
* United States

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* China
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Japan
* South Korea
* Malaysia
* Philippines
* Russia
* Thailand
* Turkey

Europe|

* Belgium
* Czech Republic
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Ireland
* Italy
* Lithuania
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

Oceania|

* Australia
* New Zealand

* v
* t
* e

Video games in the Americas

Sovereign
states|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Dependencies
and territories|

* Anguilla
* Aruba
* Bermuda
* Bonaire
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Curaçao
* Falkland Islands
* French Guiana
* Greenland
* Guadeloupe
* Martinique
* Montserrat
* Puerto Rico
* Saba
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Martin
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon
* Sint Eustatius
* Sint Maarten
* South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* U.S. Virgin Islands

* North America
* Central America
* Caribbean
*   * Latin America
*   * South America

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