Video games in the Netherlands

Overview of video games in the Netherlands

The Netherlands' mainstream video games market, not taking into consideration the serious and casual games, is the sixth largest in Europe. In 2008, the Dutch market took up 3.95% of the entire European market in total sales and 4.19% in software sales.[1]

A significant part of the Netherlands' gaming industry is in serious games, in which Dutch companies make a significant part of the worldwide industry.[2][3][4]

In the Netherlands, an estimated of 4,000 people are working in the games industry, at more than 600 companies.[5] Over 45 of the companies are located in the Dutch Game Garden, a government subsidized organization with the aim of promoting and improving the video games industry in the Netherlands.

## Consumer availability

[edit]

In 2007, the Dutch game industry surpassed the Dutch film industry for the first time in history. The growth of the games industry in the Netherlands is about 50% higher than any other industry in the Netherlands' region.

Despite the 2008 financial crisis, the situation of video gaming in the Netherlands is not all that bad. Both publishers and retailers report that the crisis has certainly not caused a drop in sales, while at times, sales have even improved. [6]

### History

[edit]

Although the first generation of video games were obtained by a select few, video games became first available during the second generation of video games, when a select few Dutch electronic stores carried the earlier systems. With the third generation, more stores started carrying video game related products, a trend that has been setting through ever since.[citation needed]

In the early '90s, independent video game stores first started to open in the Netherlands, with a fast expansion in the early 2000s. Since 2004, video games have gotten more important for general stores however, which has led to the closing of a number of game stores, and a merger of others.[citation needed]

Currently, there are about 1,200 stores, of which about 75 independent, in the Netherlands that carry video games and related items, and numerous online stores.

### Distribution

[edit]

Distribution of games on physical media in the Netherlands is usually done by publishers or major distributors such as Micromedia BV in Nijmegen that cover the entire Benelux, although most of the publishers' offices are located in the Netherlands, and only a few have offices in Belgium. Since not every publisher has a separate office for the Benelux, certain publishers take care of multiple labels, including those of other publishers.

The Netherlands also has several publishers for games through digital distribution, such as via web portals and mobile platforms like the App Store and Google Play.

## Netherlands in video games

[edit]

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|

The Netherlands is not often used as a setting for video games, other than certain Dutch games such as A2 Racer, AmsterDoom (NL wiki) and Efteling Tycoon. Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, was planned to be a featured city in The Getaway 3, before its development was cancelled. The first internationally successful game to use the Netherlands as a setting is Hitman: Codename 47, which has a level set in Rotterdam. Resistance: Retribution also featured a level in Rotterdam. During World War II, the Netherlands was the location of Operation Market Garden, a much-used setting for World War II games. The game Brothers in Arms: Hell's Highway focusses entirely on Operation Market Garden and accurately depicts the Dutch towns and landscape along the operation's route.

In games such as the FIFA football games and Olympic video games, teams or players from the Netherlands are featured. The TT Circuit Assen is by fans considered "The Cathedral" of motorcycling, with the Dutch TT being one of the biggest events in motorbike racing. As such, the track is featured in many of the motorcycling racing games. Circuit Park Zandvoort is a Formula One racing track. The track has been featured in its old Formula One-layout in the game Grand Prix Legends, and more recently in its current layout in TOCA Race Driver, TOCA Race Driver 2, Race 07 and rFactor 2.

Recently Mario Kart Tour added an Amsterdam tour track to its roster. [7]

## Video game development

[edit]

### Game developers from the Netherlands

[edit]

Company | Location | Founded | Type

|
|
|

Engine Software | Doetinchem | 1991  | entertainment, handheld, mobile games. Co-dev, porting.
Witan Entertainment | Haarlem | 1992  | entertainment, casual, serious, mobile games
Elements Interactive | Almere | 1996  | mobile games, software and websites
IJsfontein | Amsterdam | 1997  | serious games
Triumph Studios | Delft | 1997  | core games
GamePoint B.V. | The Hague | 1998  | online casino games
MAD Multimedia | Groningen | 1998  | serious games
Khaeon | The Hague | 1999  | core games
Nixxes Software | Utrecht | 1999  | video game conversions and software
RANJ | Rotterdam | 1999  | serious games
Behaviour Rotterdam | Rotterdam | 2000  | core games, co-dev, porting. Ex-Codeglue (2000-2023).
Bright Alley | Utrecht | 2000  | serious games and gamification
E-Semble bv | Delft | 2000  | serious games
Guerrilla Games | Amsterdam | 2000  | core games
NotTheFly Mobile Entertainment | Venlo | 2000  | mobile games
Little Chicken Game Company B.V. | Amsterdam | 2001  | core & mobile games
Monkeybizniz | Utrecht | 2001  | serious games
Grendel Games | Leeuwarden | 2002  | core- and serious games
Pixel Pixies | Leeuwarden | 2002  | serious games
Trade Games International | The Hague | 2002  | core games
VSTEP | Rotterdam | 2002  | serious games
Eximion | Eindhoven | 2003  | core- and casual games, game distributor
Team6 Game Studios | Assen | 2003  | core games
CrazyFoot Gamestudio | The Hague | 2004  | core games
Gamebasics Studio | Zoetermeer | 2004  | mobile games
Mindgame | Amsterdam | 2004  | serious games
Spill Group | Utrecht | 2004  | casual games (since 2008 known as Spil Games)
Xform | Utrecht | 2004  | browser based 3D games
Paladin Studios | The Hague | 2005  | mobile games
Soepel | Amsterdam | 2005  | casual and serious games
Sticky Studios | Utrecht | 2005  | serious and mobile games
Triangle Studios | Leeuwarden | 2005  | core and mobile games
Tygron | The Hague | 2005  | serious games
Virtual Racing Industries B.V. | Heemstede | 2005  | real-life RC events, serious games
BlewScreen | Tilburg | 2006  | casual and serious games
Coin-Op Interactive | Rotterdam | 2006  | video game design
Blender Institute | Amsterdam | 2007  | Open content
FourceLabs | Utrecht | 2007  | serious games
Weber Sites & Games BV | Arnhem | 2007  | casual, mobile games
ZC Funcraft | Nijmegen | 2007  | core games
Flavour | Amsterdam | 2008  | serious games
OneBigGame | Amsterdam | 2008  | core and casual games
Play like a Champion | Amsterdam | 2008  | sports games (since 2017 known as Socios Sports)
Rough Cookie | Amsterdam | 2008  | mobile and handheld games
Vertigo Games BV | Rotterdam | 2008  | core and serious games
WeirdBeard | Amsterdam | 2008  | web games
M2H | Alkmaar | 2009  | mobile, casual and core games
DoubleDutch Games | Utrecht | 2010  | indie games
GamoVation | Zwolle | 2010  | mobile and casual games
Gazingy Interactive | Zwolle | 2010  | mobile games
Rising Step | IJsselstein | 2010  | core games
Stolen Couch Games | Utrecht | 2010  | core games
Virtual Play | Utrecht | 2010  | mobile, core and serious games
Game Oven | Utrecht | 2011  | mobile, experimental games
Jaywalkers Interactive | Randstad | 2011  | core and VR games
Jolly Jellyfish | Groningen | 2011  | promotional games
Ludomotion | Amsterdam | 2011  | indie games
RageSquid | Utrecht (HQ)
Tilburg | 2011  | core games
Team Reptile | Hilversum | 2011  | core games
8D Games | Leeuwarden | 2012  | serious games
Black Cube Games | Amstelveen | 2012  | core games
Blue Giraffe | Eindhoven | 2012  | casual, mobile games
Critical Bit | Leeuwarden | 2012  | core and serious games
Jagaco Games | Zoetermeer | 2012  | casual, mobile games
Mimicry Games | Leusden | 2012  | core and casual games, software
Modoka Studios Entertainment | Zwolle | 2012  | mobile and casual games
Sparkling Society  | Delft | 2012  | casual, mobile games
Trigames | Delft | 2012  | casual, mobile games
Wispfire | Utrecht | 2012  | casual and serious games
2Monkeys | Deventer | 2013  | casual, puzzle, mobile games
BitBunch | Rotterdam | 2013  | Simulation and Game-engine Technology
BlackMill Games | Heiloo | 2013  | core games
Dutch Game Studio | Woerden | 2013  | mobile games
KeokeN Interactive | Hoofddorp | 2013  | core games
Kings Lane | Amsterdam | 2013  | casual, mobile games
Maata Games | Arnhem | 2013  | browser games, mobile games
Studio Bleep | Groningen | 2013  | serious games, augmented reality
Twirlbound  | Breda | 2013  | core games
Vanilla | Eindhoven | 2013  | mobile games
ChimpWorks | Eindhoven | 2014  | mobile games
Knuist & Perzik | Veenendaal | 2014  | core games
Wolfdog Interactive | Rotterdam | 2014  | VR games
Codeer Studio | Netherlands | 2015  | indie games
Dual Cortex Gaming | Amsterdam | 2015  | mobile games
Force Field  | Amsterdam | 2015  | core and casual games
Hulan Studio | Eindhoven | 2015  | serious games
Rusty Lake | Amsterdam | 2015  | indie games
Stitch Heads Entertainment | Breda | 2015  | core games
TurtleBlaze | The Hague | 2015  | core and casual games
Studio 397 | Apeldoorn | 2016  | racing sims
Total Mayhem Games | Rotterdam | 2016  | indie games
TRAGsoft | Zevenaar | 2016  | core games
Grumpy Owl Games | Utrecht | 2017  | core games, board game adaptations, & edutainment
Hypersome Games | Den Bosch | 2017  | VR games
Wooden Shoes Games | Rotterdam | 2017  | casual games
Yellowcake Games | Utrecht | 2017  | core games
BadDice | Heerlen | 2018  | casual games
Blast Zero | Rotterdam | 2018  | Ex-Tanuki Creative Studio (2018-2023). Ex-publisher.
Mystery City Games BV | Amsterdam | 2018  | outdoor events, online team-builders, core games
Twin Wasp Sims | Amersfoort | 2018  | Serious games, simulation, 3rd party
Undreamed Games | Amsterdam | 2018  | indie games
Beyond All Reason team  | Netherlands | 2019  | core games, open-source
Game Tailors | Delft | 2019  | serious games, gamification
Kami Games  | Apeldoorn | 2019  | indie games
Kessels game studio | Beesel | 2019  | small indie games
Sparrow Night | Rotterdam | 2019  | core games. Ex-Studio Nul Games.
Bonte Avond | Utrecht | 2020  | indie games
Eerie Guest Studios | Hilversum | 2020  | core games
Roost Games | Utrecht | 2020  | indie games
Thunderoak Interactive | Rijswijk | 2021  | core games
Mystic ERA games | Harderwijk | 2022  | indie games
OnRush Studio | Amsterdam | 2022  | core games
Snail Bite | Amsterdam | 2022  | core games
Square Glade Games | Groningen | 2022  | core games
Enchanted Works | Utrecht | 2022  | Indie Games
Studio Mantasaur | Utrecht | 2022  | Indie Games
Konafa Games B.V.  | Amsterdam | 2023  | indie games
Rangatang  | Utrecht | 2023  | Indie games. Founded by ex-Ronimo Games staff.

### Defunct game developers

[edit]

Company | Founded | Ended | Type |  Reason for ending development

|
|
|
|

Courbois Software  | 1982  | 2012  | core & casual games  | dissolved
The Bytebusters | 1983  | 1988  | core & casual games  | filed for bankruptcy in 1988
Radarsoft | 1984  | 1987  | core & casual games  | Radarsoft continues without gaming products
Team Hoi  | 1988  | 1998  | core & casual games  | dissolved. Ex-"SoftEyes" / "Softeyes Design" (1990-1994).
ANMA  | 1989  | 1993  | core & casual games  | dissolved
Parallax | 1989  | 2000  | core & casual games  | dissolved
Ultra Force  | 1989  | 1993  |  | moved to computer software development
The Vision Factory | 1992  | 2002  | casual games  | filed for bankruptcy in January 2002
Digital Infinity  | 1995  | 2000  | casual games  | merged into Lost Boys Games
DIMA/Creative Media  | 1995  | 1997  |  | dissolved
Orange Games | 1995  | 2000  | core, casual and mobile games  | merged into Lost Boys Games
White Bear | 1998  | 2011  |  | filed for bankruptcy in December 2011
Lost Boys Games | 2000  | 2003  | core & casual games  | taken over and renamed Guerrilla Games
DarXabre | 2001  | 2011  |  | inactive since 2011
Streamline Studios | 2001  | 2009  |  | filed for bankruptcy in November 2009
Playlogic Entertainment | 2002  | 2010  | core games  | filed for bankruptcy in July 2010 and again in December 2014
Coded Illusions | 2004  | 2008  |  | filed for bankruptcy September 2008
Spellborn Works | 2004  | 2009  |  | filed for bankruptcy in June 2009
W!Games  | 2005  | 2016  | core & casual games  | merged as Vanguard Games into Force Field in April 2016
Ronimo Games | 2007  | 2023  | core games  | filed for bankruptcy in August 2023
Virtual Fairground | 2008  | 2011  |  | filed for bankruptcy in April 2011
Vlambeer | 2010  | 2020  |  | dissolved
Ostrich Banditos  | 2012  | 2015  | core games  | dissolved/abandoned in 2015
Through Games | 2014  | 2017  | core game  | likely inactive in Jan 2017 as co-founder became independent contractor
Tanuki Creative Studio  | 2018  | 2023  |  | merged into Blast Zero

### Game publishers from the Netherlands

[edit]

Company | Location | Founded | Type

|
|
|

Abstraction Games B.V. | Valkenswaard (HQ) | 2007  | Publisher, co-development, porting. Former dev.
Artificial Core | Amsterdam (HQ), Kyiv (Development) | 2015  | Publisher & dev - online games
DarkPhobia Games  | Netherlands | 2023  | Publisher & dev - horror games
Big Fan Games | The Hague | 2024  | Publishing label of Devolver Digital.
Dutch Game Studio | Woerden | 2013  | Mobile Games
Evil Turtle Productions | Losser | 2018  | Publisher & dev - audio, indie games
Feel Free Games B.V.  | Sassenheim | 2021  | Publisher & dev - casual games
Finitude | Maastricht (HQ), Berlin (Development) | 2015  | Publisher & dev - core games
Firenut Games  | Breda | 2018  | Publisher & dev - core games
Future Minimalism | Alkmaar | 2021  | Publisher & dev - core games
GameHouse B.V. | Eindhoven | 2001  | Casual games distributor & dev. Ex-Zylom Media Group BV (2001-2008), RealGames B.V. (2008-2010).
Gamious | Haarlem | 2011  | casual games on multiple platforms
Good Shepherd Entertainment | The Hague | 2011  | console and PC games
Iceberg Interactive | Haarlem | 2009  | core and casual games
Kakao Games Europe B.V.  | Amstelveen | 2015  | online games. Global arm of Kakao Games.
Knights Peak Interactive  | Amsterdam | 2024  | core publishing label of My.Games
Level Infinite | Amsterdam (HQ), Singapore | 2021  | core and mobile games
Lion Castle Entertainment | Assen | 2018  | core and casual games
Mind Control Games  | Hilversum | 2024  | Publisher & dev - core games
Mindscape B.V. | Amstelveen | 1991  | Publisher, distributor & dev - core & casual games. Ex-Mindscape Northern Europe B.V. (1991-2016).
Mkay Productions  | Amsterdam | 2022  | Publisher & dev - core games
Modoka Studios Entertainment | Zwolle | 2012  | mobile and casual games
OneBigGame | Amsterdam | 2008  | core and casual games
Orangepixel  | Den Helder | 2004  | Publisher & dev - mobile & indie games
Perfect World Entertainment | Amsterdam | 2011  | console and PC games
PlayerUnknown Productions | Amsterdam | 2021  | Publisher & dev - open world games
Seven Volts Games | Tilburg | 2020  | Publisher & dev - core and casual games
SOEDESCO | Hoogvliet | 2014  | hardcore and casual games on multiple platforms
Sokpop Collective | Utrecht | 2015  | Publisher & dev - casual games
Spill Group | Utrecht | 2004  | casual games (since 2008 known as Spil Games)
Studio Minus  | Netherlands | 2019  | Publisher & dev - indie games
Studio Taghua | Amsterdam | 2020  | Publisher - core games
Tense Games  | Breda | 2008  | Publisher & dev - core games
tinyBuild | Hilversum | 2011  | core games
The 4 Winds Entertainment | Amsterdam | 2021  | Publisher, marketing, localization - core games
UnitedGames | Wormerveer | 2007  | core games
WeeCodeLab B.V. | The Hague (HQ) | 2018  | Publisher & dev - indie games

### Defunct game publishers from the Netherlands

[edit]

Company | Founded | Ended | Type |  Reason for ending publishing

|
|
|
|

Aackosoft | 1983  | 1988  | publisher & dev: core & casual games  | filed for bankruptcy in 1988
Davilex Games | 1993  | 2005  | casual and serious games  | publisher & dev. Davilex continues w/o gaming products.
Easy Interactive B.V. | 2001  | 2014  | core games  | filed for bankruptcy in 2014. Acquired by Dutch firm, Foreign Media Group, in 2006.
Fony | 1989  | 1997  | demos and puzzles  | MSX dev & publisher. Ceased main work in 1997. Partially continued in Two Tribes.
Gambitious Digital Entertainment | 2011  | 2017  | console and PC games  | Gambitious Digital Entertainment ceased crowdfunding activities. Rebranded into Good Shepherd Entertainment as publisher.
HD Publishing B.V. | 1995  | 2008  | core games  | likely filed for bankruptcy in 2008. Ex-HD Interactive B.V. in 1995 to 2005.
Lighthouse Interactive | 2005  | 2008  | core games  | closed due to bankruptcy of parent company in 2008.
Megaware Multimedia B.V. | 2000  | 2005  | core games  | filed for bankruptcy in late 2005.
Midas Interactive Entertainment BV
(ES wiki) | 1998  | 2012  | core games  | HQ moved to UK in 2001 but Dutch office remained. Filed for bankruptcy in 2012.
Phoenix Games B.V.  | 2002  | 2010  | budget games  | Part of Dutch-UK firm, Phoenix Games Group. Filed 4 bankruptcy in Aug 2010.[8]
Playlogic Entertainment | 2002  | 2014  | core games  | filed for bankruptcy in Dec 2014.
Project Two Interactive BV | 1995  | 2000  | core games  | filed for bankruptcy in 2000. Lead staff setup Project 3 Interactive in 2000.
Project Three Interactive BV | 2000  | 2006  | core games  | filed for bankruptcy in early 2006. One co-founder setup Lighthouse Interactive in 2005; as CEO of Iceberg Interactive in 2009.
R&P Electronic Media  | 1991  | 2001  | casual and serious games  | publisher and localisation. Continued w/o gaming products.
Two Tribes | 2000  | 2019  | core and casual games  | publisher & dev. Ceased game work in 2019.
Xing Interactive C.V. | 2001  | 2009  | core games  | filed for bankruptcy, or reverted to parent holding group in early 2009.

### Popular games developed in the Netherlands

[edit]

See also: List of video games developed in the Netherlands

* Adam's Venture
* Age of Wonders series
* Bang Attack
* Delicious series
* Horizon Zero Dawn series
* Ibb and Obb
* Killzone series
* Moorhuhn
* Overlord series
* Rocket Riot
* Ship Simulator
* Swords & Soldiers
* Tarimba & Taromba[citation needed]
* The Chronicles of Spellborn
* Toki Tori
* Worms: Open Warfare 2

### Education

[edit]

Up until 1998, whoever wanted to work in the gaming industry was best off pursuing a computer programming or graphic design education. In 1998, Utrecht School of the Arts offered the first 'pure' game education on the European continent.[9] Currently there are 11 schools offering specific game educations in the Netherlands.

University of Amsterdam

Since 2013 the University of Amsterdam offers the first master program focused on game development (Game studies).

Utrecht University

Utrecht University offers Game technology as a variant of its Computer Science bachelor and a master in Game & Media Technology.

Breda University of Applied Sciences

Breda University of Applied Sciences has been offering a course in game development (Creative Media and Game Technologies), for over 10 years. The 4-year course is entirely focused on practical teaching, working with a variant of Project-Based Learning called "Role-Based Learning". Students work entirely on game development projects, with an assessment based on their behavior and learning within those projects. They also offer a Master in Game Technology.

Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences

Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences offer a major in Creative Media & Game Technologies with a minor Game design and Development for example where students have to create several games within a short amount of time. First, they learn to create a 2D Android game within 6 weeks. Then they learn to create a 3D game within 13 weeks total.

Saxion University of Applied Sciences

Saxion University of Applied Science in Enschede also offers a bachelor's degree in Creative Media and Game Technologies.

## Media

[edit]

### Print media

[edit]

* Power Unlimited, since 1993 (oldest active publication)
* Control, since 2007

#### Defunct print media

[edit]

* n3 Nintendo Magazine; 2002–2003
* GMR; 2006–2008
* gamesTM; 2008
* Hoog Spel; 1990–2002
* [N]Gamer; 2003–2012

### Television and radio

[edit]

* Gamekings, since 2002 (television)
* InsidegamerTV (television)

#### Defunct television and media

[edit]

* GameVille (casual games television show)
* GameForce 1 (defunct television show, 1998-2000)
* GameQuest (defunct television show, 2000-2001)
* Gammo (defunct television show)
* Power Play (defunct television show)

### Online media

[edit]

* GamersNET.nl
* Insidegamer.nl
* Gamer.nl, since 1999 (oldest active online publication)
* Gamekings.tv
* Tweakers (games section)
* nl.IGN.com (Dutch)
* XGN (website)

#### Defunct online media

[edit]

* Gamesen.nl
* Gamez.nl
* Bashers.nl

## Video game systems

[edit]

### Philips CD-i

[edit]

The Philips CD-i (Compact Disc Interactive), first released in 1991, is an interactive multimedia CD player developed and marketed by the Dutch electronics manufacturer Royal Philips Electronics N.V. This category of device was created to provide more functionality than an audio CD player or game console, but at a lower price than a personal computer with a CD-ROM drive at the time. Earlier CD-i games included entries in popular Nintendo franchises, such as Hotel Mario, Link: The Faces of Evil, Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon and Zelda's Adventure, although those games were not developed by Nintendo. In addition to games, a lot of educational and multimedia reference titles were produced for the system, such as interactive encyclopedias, museum tours, etc. The CD-i was a commercial failure, selling 1 million units across all manufactures in 7 years, and losing Phillips $1 billion.

### Other Consoles

[edit]

* Swinxs
* Tovertafel

## European video game rating

[edit]

The Netherlands Institute for the Classification of Audiovisual Media (NICAM) is the institute responsible for the software given for review for the European video game content rating system PEGI.

## Video game events in the Netherlands

[edit]

Between 2005 and 2013, the NLGD Festival of Games was an annual trade show for the national and international video games industry, with an attendance of over 1,500 visitors in 2013.

Between 2005 and 2009, Amsterdam was the host city to Casual Connect Europe, the world's leading trade show for casual games. After a four-year absence, Amsterdam hosted Casual Connect once more in February 2014.[1]

Over the years, there have been 2 large consumer events, until 2007 this was 'Gameplay'. From 2008 the event is organized by Blammo Events and is called Firstlook, the event is held annually in the Jaarbeurs Utrecht. Since 2015 the event has been rebranded as Firstlook Festival.[10]

In 2013, Walibi Holland hosted the first edition of Game On, which hosted several video game activities in the theme park. Also in 2013, the Retro Game Experience was first hosted as part of the Sound and Vision experience at the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision. Smaller organizations and private collectors also host retro game events on a regular basis.

### LAN scene

[edit]

In the Netherlands, several large and smaller LAN parties and other gaming events are held yearly. In recent years, the 1000+ visitors have declined in popularity, with the scene seeing a shift towards smaller, more sociable events and/or events that offer more than just non-stop gaming. Additional activities include (outdoor) sports events, quizzes and other non-gaming competitions. In addition, small LAN-parties held at home for typically 5–15 visitors, remain popular.

A notable organization is Gameparty.net, a website that functions as a central hub in the Dutch game event scene, who also hosts two large annual events, TheParty and CampZone. Other major LAN-parties and organisations that have organized 1000+ visitor events include Drome, Netgamez, LAN = Life and Regroup. Most of these organizations operate on a non-profit basis, finding sponsors within the computer and gaming world to be able to operate budget-neutral.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Nieuws: VK grootste gamesmarkt in Europa". Gamed.nl. April 12, 2008.
2. ^ "The Netherlands Announces Its Growing Role in the Global Games Industry". GameSpy. May 7, 2008. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012.
3. ^ Lenting, T. (2019), Gamegeschiedenis van Nederland 1978-2018. Karel van Mander Academy: Arnhem.
4. ^ "Video game history of the Netherlands". October 6, 2024.[permanent dead link]
5. ^ "Games Monitor The Netherlands 2020 Update - Covid Impact". Dutch Game Garden. April 30, 2021. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022.
6. ^ Müller, Martijn (March 3, 2009). "Games in de huidige economische crisis" (in Dutch). NG-Gamer.
7. ^ "Amsterdam Tour". July 3, 2022.
8. ^ Nl, Drimble. "Phoenix Games B.V.'s bankruptcy filing". Drimble's news. Archived from the original on April 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
9. ^ "Global Game Jam NL | HKU University of the Arts Utrecht". Archived from the original on February 14, 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
10. ^ "Firstlook Festival yearly event". Firstlook Festival. Retrieved January 6, 2016.

## External links

[edit]

* Dutch Game Industry Directory (Database with over 250 entries of both developers and co-developers)
* List of games set in Amsterdam at MobyGames (25+ games, circa 2023)

History of video games

* v
* t
* e

Chronology of video games

Early history|

* 1947–1972

1970s|

* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979

1980s|

* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989

1990s|

* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999

2000s|

* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009

2010s|

* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019

2020s|

* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025
* In development

* v
* t
* e

Video game history by platform

By platform|

* Early mainframe games
* History of arcade video games
* Golden age
* Timeline
* History of video game consoles
* Crash of 1983
* Console war
* History of mobile games

By console generation|

* First (1972–1980)
* Second (1976–1992)
* Third (1983–2003)
* Fourth (1987–2003)
* Fifth (1993–2005)
* Sixth (1998–2013)
* Seventh (2005–2017)
* Eighth (2012–)
* Ninth (2020–)

* v
* t
* e

Video game genres

* List of video game genres

Action|

| Platformer|

* Endless runner
* Platform fighter

|

Shooter|

* Arena
* First-person
* Hero
* Light gun
* Shoot 'em up
* Bullet hell
* Rail
* Twin-stick
* Tactical
* Third-person

Survival|

* Battle royale
* Survival horror

Other|

* Beat 'em up
* Hack and slash
* Fighting
* Platform fighter
* Maze
* Pac-Man clone
* Snake
* Stealth

Action-adventure|

* Grand Theft Auto clone
* Metroidvania

Adventure|

* Escape room
* Graphic adventure
* Interactive fiction
* Interactive film
* Visual novel
* Walking sim

Digital tabletop|

* Deck-building
* Roguelike deck-building
* Digital collectible card

Puzzle|

* Hidden object
* Sokoban
* Tile-matching

Role-playing|

* Action role-playing
* Looter shooter
* Soulslike
* Dungeon crawl
* MMORPG
* Monster-taming
* Roguelike
* Roguelike deck-building
* Tactical role-playing
* Turn-based role-playing

Simulation|

| Life|

* Dating
* Farming
* God
* Social
* Virtual pet

|

CMS|

* Business
* City-building
* Government

Sports|

* Fishing
* Racing
* Kart racing
* Sim racing

Vehicle|

* Flight simulation
* Combat
* Lunar Lander
* Space
* Submarine simulator
* Train simulator
* Vehicular combat

Other|

* Falling-sand
* Immersive sim

Strategy|

* 4X
* Auto battler
* MOBA
* Real-time strategy
* Time management
* Real-time tactics
* Tactical role-playing
* Tower defense
* Turn-based strategy
* Turn-based tactics
* Artillery
* Wargame
* Grand strategy

Other genres|

* Cozy
* Fitness
* Horror
* Survival horror
* Incremental
* Music
* Rhythm
* Non-game
* Party
* Photography
* Programming
* Typing

Related concepts|

| Themes|

* Advergame
* Bishōjo
* Christian
* Comedy
* Educational
* Girls
* Licensed
* Otome
* Sexual
* Eroge
* Nonviolent
* Personalized
* Sci-fi
* Serious
* Art
* Climate change
* News
* Persuasive

|

Player modes|

* Multiplayer
* Co-op
* PVP
* Single-player

Production|

* AAA
* Indie
* Doujin soft
* Fan game

Design|

* Casual
* Hypercasual
* Emergent gameplay
* FMV
* Gacha
* Kaizo
* Masocore
* Nonlinear gameplay
* Open world
* Sandbox
* Side-scrolling
* Twitch gameplay
* Vertically scrolling

Other|

* Minigame
* Toys-to-life
* Video game clone
* Video game modding
* Video game remake

* v
* t
* e

Video games by country

Africa|

* Ghana
* Kenya
* Nigeria
* South Africa

Americas|

* Latin America
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Canada
* United States

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* China
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Japan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Malaysia
* Philippines
* Russia
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey

Europe|

* Belgium
* Czech Republic
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Ireland
* Italy
* Lithuania
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

Oceania|

* Australia
* New Zealand

* v
* t
* e

Video games in Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

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