Viola (trawler)

Steam trawler built in 1906

Dias (foreground) with Albatros (heeled over) in the harbour at Grytviken, 1989. The ships have since been beached.

History
Name|

* Viola (1906)
* HMT Viola (1914)
* Kapduen (1919)
* Dias (1926)

Owner|

* Hellyer Steam Fishing Company (1906-14)
* Admiralty (1914 - 1919)
* A/S Sandsfjord Trawlfiskelskap, Norway (1919-1926)
* Compañía Argentina de Pesca SA 1926

Operator| Hellyer Steam Fishing Company
Port of registry| Hull, 14 February 1906
Builder| Cook, Welton & Gemmell
Yard number| 96
Launched| 17 January 1906
Identification| H868[1]
Status| Derelict (2009)
General characteristics
Class and type| Fishing trawler/naval trawler
Tonnage| 179 GRT 55 NRT[2]
Length| 108 ft 6 in (33.07 m)
Beam| 21 ft 6 in (6.55 m)
Installed power| steam
Speed| 9.5 knots (10.9 mph; 17.6 km/h)

The Viola is a steam trawler built in 1906 in Hull. She is the oldest surviving steam trawler in the world.[3][4] During her long career, she was known as HMT Viola, Kapduen, and Dias.[5][6] She is currently beached at Grytviken in South Georgia, though there are currently plans afoot to return her to Hull.

## History

[edit]

Cook, Welton & Gemmell of Beverley built Viola for the Hellyer Steam Fishing Company in 1906. After launching, she was floated down the River Hull to Hull where the engineering firm of Amos & Smith fitted her with steam engines. She burnt coal until 1956 when she was converted to oil. She was part of the Hellyer Steam Fishing Company's North Sea fleet, and like much of Hellyer's fleet was named after a Shakespearean character.

Hellyer trawlers stayed out at sea for weeks at a time, transferring their catch to a fleet of five fast steam cutters that commuted between the fishing grounds and the fish markets of eastern England. Viola was regularly at sea for more than 310 days a year.[7]

## Viola at war

[edit]

In September 1914, Viola was requisitioned by the Admiralty (FY 614)[2][8] armed with a 3 pounder gun and moved to Shetland, patrolling the waters out as far as Fair Isle looking for U-boats and escorting other vessels.[7]

Later in the war, Viola was armed with a 12-pounder gun, and transferred to the Tyne for minesweeping duty.[9] She was one of the first vessels to use depth charges. She was also fitted with hydrophones. Along with other armed trawlers she was involved in actions resulting in the sinking of at least two U-boats: the UB-30 off Whitby on 13 August 1918, and the UB-115 off the Northumberland coast on 29 September.[7]

## Kapduen and Dias \- whaling

[edit]

Dias as whale catcher

Many vessels from Hellyer's North Sea fleet were lost during the war. After the war Hellyer decided to concentrate on the distant fishing grounds off the coast of Iceland and the Barents Sea.[7][9] Consequently, in 1918 they sold-off the remaining North Sea trawlers, including Viola, which they sold to Massey & Sons. In the following year Massey sold her to L. Thorsen of Norway, who renamed her Kapduen.[2][8] The whaling firm of Nils Torvald Nielsen Alonso acquired Thorsen and converted Kapduen for whaling, fitting her with a new bridge forward of the funnel.

She was renamed Dias in 1924 and over the next few years whaled off the coast of Africa. By 1927 she was laid up at Sandefjord.[9]

## Dias \- sealing and expeditions

[edit]

Dias was then sold to Compañía Argentina de Pesca,[8] who moved her to Grytviken in South Georgia for sealing.[9][10][11] [12]

She also served as a support vessel for expeditions in the South Atlantic, supporting the Argentine weather station at Laurie Island, the Kohl-Larsen Expedition of 1928/9, the British South Georgia Expedition of 1954/55, the topographical surveys carried out by Duncan Carse between 1951 and 1957, and the Bird Island Expedition of 1958.[9][10]

## Retirement and decay

[edit]

In 1964 the whaling station at Grytviken closed, and Dias, along with another sealer, Albatros, was laid up. A caretaker was responsible for maintenance, painting, and running the engines, but he left in 1971. Over the next few years snow and ice built up on the superstructure and Dias foundered at her mooring in the winter of 1974. Albatros sank the following year.[13]

## Rescue campaign

[edit]

In 2004, as part of a project to restore and conserve Grytviken, Dias and Albatros were refloated and cleared of all remaining oil. Both ships have now been beached.

An organisation, the "Friends of Viola/Dias", seeks to preserve the ship, either in situ or by bringing her back to Hull.[14][15][16] The "Friends of Viola/Dias" estimate the cost of repatriating Viola at £1 million, and restoration costs at £5 million.[17]

In 2006 Viola's original bell was discovered on a farm at Sandefjord. Hull Maritime Museum purchased it and in 2008 returned the bell to the ship.[18][3]

In 2016 the Viola was surveyed to determine its condition and whether or not it could be refloated and restored.[19]

## See also

[edit]

* Arctic Corsair \- Hull's preserved deep water trawler, though of a much more modern breed to that represented through the remarkable survival of the ST Viola
* Ross Tiger \- Grimsby's preserved middle water sidewinder — the last of the fleet which once made Grimsby the largest fishing port in the world.
* SM U-96

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Viola". Hull Museums Collections. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
2. ^ a b c Thompson, Michael; Dave Newton; Richard Robinson; Tony Lofthouse (1999). Cook, Welton & Gemmell: shipbuilders of Hull and Beverley. Hutton Press Ltd. p. 83\. ISBN 1-902709-02-0.
3. ^ a b "Historic bell back where it belongs; The world's oldest steam fishing trawler sits in the freezing waters of the southern Atlantic, reunited after more than 80 years with its original bell". Hull Daily Mail. 8 January 2008.
4. ^ Blower, Janis (19 May 2015). "World War One-era steam trawler remembered on stamp". Shields Gazette. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
5. ^ "The History of the Hull Fishing Industry". Hull Trawler: smack to stern. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
6. ^ "Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1930-31" (PDF). Lloyd's. 1931. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
7. ^ a b c d MHSC. "Viola-Dias, War, Distant Waters and the Hull Fishing Industry in Both World Wars" (PDF). MHSC Maritime Historical Studies Centre. University of Hull. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
8. ^ a b c "Balleneros (Catchers) y factorias Argentinos: "DIAS"". Historia y Arqueologia Marítima (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 March 2009.
9. ^ a b c d e Robinson, Robb. "A brief history of the Viola/Dias". Retrieved 3 March 2009.
10. ^ a b Headland 1984, pp. 97–100.
11. ^ Headland 1984, p. 152.
12. ^ McLaren, Jim. "Grytviken". Millennium. Archived from the original on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
13. ^ Headland, R.K. (1984). "Wrecks, hulks and other vessel remains at South Georgia, Falkland Islands Dependencies". British Antarctic Survey Bulletin (65). Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge: 117–118.
14. ^ Wood, Alexandra (18 April 2005). "Campaign under way to rescue historic trawler". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
15. ^ Wainwright, Martin (16 March 2004). "Hull aims to recover Falklands war 'trigger'". Online edition. The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
16. ^ Brock, J (29 April 2004). "Grytviken waste removal: an exercise in historical preservation". Teaberry Express. Falkland Islands News Network. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
17. ^ Copping, Jasper (3 August 2013). "Viola: the trawler that fought World War One". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
18. ^ "Viola's bell — a centenary for Dias". South Georgia Association Newsletter. South Georgia Association. November 2006. p. 3.
19. ^ "Engineers survey lost Hull WW1 trawler Viola". BBC. BBC. 5 October 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Headland, Robert (1984). The Island of South Georgia (Paperback, 1992 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25274-1.

* Robinson, Robb; Hart, Ian (2014). Viola, The Life and Times of a Hull Steam Trawler. Lodestar Books. ISBN 978-1907206276.

## External links

[edit]

* Viola Trawler website
* Viola: the trawler that fought World War One \- Daily Telegraph

* v
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| Overseas Watch List|

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|

Disposed vessels|

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54°16′49″S 36°30′22″W﻿ / ﻿54.280259°S 36.506226°W﻿ / -54.280259; -36.506226

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Surviving ships launched before 1919

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Pre-1800|

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1800–1879|

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1880–1899|

* Annie⚓ (1880)
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* Presidente Sarmiento⚓ (1897)
* Tarella⚓ (1897)
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* Carola⚓ (1898)
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* Albatros⛵ (1899)
* Decima⛵ (1899)
* Maud⛵ (1899)
* Stjernen I⛵ (1899)
* William B. Tennison⚓ (1899)

1900–1907|

* Aurora⚓ (1900)
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* Ena⛵ (1900)
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* Reaper⛵ (1901)
* Sigsbee⛵ (1901)
* Tilikum⚓ c. 1901
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* Jupiter⚓ (1902)
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* Stanley Norman⚓ (1902)
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* Light Vessel 72⛵ (1903)
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* Ariki⚓ (1904)
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* Fannie L. Daugherty⛵ (1904)
* J C Madge⚓ (1904)
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* Ridgetown (1905)⚓ (1905)
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* Blümlisalp⛵ (1906)
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* Östanå I⛵ (1906)
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* Thalatta⛵ (1906)
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* U-1⚓ (1906)
* Viola⚓ (1906)
* Ambrose⚓ (1907)
* Drazki⚓ (1907)
* Canally⚓ (1907)
* F. C. Lewis Jr.⛵ (1907)
* Henrik Ibsen⛵ (1907)
* Hercules⚓ (1907)
* Irene⛵ (1907)
* Keewatin⚓ (1907)
* Nyanza⚓ (1907)
* Rosa⛵ (1907)
* Ruby⚓ (1907)
* Tarmo⚓ (1907)
* Viking⚓ (1907)
* Yankee⚓ (1907)

1908–1914|

* Circle Line XIV⛵ (1908)
* Entiat Princess⛵ (1908)
* Fehmarnbelt⛵ (1908)
* Mohican II⛵ (1908)
* Oscar W⛵ (1908)
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* Speeder⛵️ (1908)
* Storskär⛵ (1908)
* Ardwina⛵ (1909)
* Bigwin⛵️ ( 1909)
* Dar Pomorza⚓ (1909)
* Duwamish⚓ (1909)
* Großherzogin Elisabeth⛵ (1909)
* Lotus⛵ (1909)
* President⛵ (1909)
* Stadt Zürich⛵ (1909)
* Steam Pinnace 199⛵ (1909)
* Gonca⛵ (1909)
* E.C. Collier⚓ (1910)
* Georgios Averof⚓ (1910)
* Noorderlicht⛵ (1910)
* Norrskär⛵ (1910)
* Ste. Claire⚓ (1910)
* Trillium⛵ (1910)
* Suriname-Rivier⚓ (1910)
* Europa⛵ (1911)
* Eye of the Wind⛵ (1911)
* Helen Smitton⚓ (1911)
* Hestmanden⚓ (1911)
* Industry⛵ (1911)
* James M. Schoonmaker⚓ (1911)
* McKeever Brothers⚓ (1911)
* Nellie L. Byrd⛵ (1911)
* Nomadic⚓ (1911)
* Nusret⚓ (1911)
* Passat⚓ (1911)
* Peking⚓ (1911)
* Pevensey⛵ (1911)
* Tradewind⛵ (1911)
* Wäiski⚓ (1911)
* African Queen⚓ (1912)
* Astoria⛵️ (1912)
* Canberra⛵ (1912)
* Cartela⛵ (1912)
* Chacon⚓ (1912)
* Earnslaw⛵ (1912)
* Gustaf III⛵ (1912)
* Gustafsberg VII⛵ (1912)
* James Caird⚓ (1912)
* J. L. Runeberg⛵ (1912)
* Kwasind⛵ (1912)
* Lady Denman⚓ (1912)
* Margaret⛵ (1912)
* Melbourne⛵ (1912)
* Sundowner⛵ (1912)
* Texas⚓ (1912)
* Wendameen⛵ (1912)
* Zhongshan⚓ (1912)
* Miktat Kalkavan⛵ (1912)
* Acadia⚓ (1913)
* Adventuress⛵ (1913)
* Benjamim Guimarães⛵ (1913)
* Dredge No. 4⚓️ (1913)
* Jolie Brise⛵ (1913)
* Kildare⛵ (1913)
* Kommuna⛵ (1913)
* Kyle⚓ (1913)
* North Head⚓ (1913)
* Rusinga⚓️ (1913)
* Stord I⛵ (1913)
* Suur Tõll⛵ (1913)
* Usoga⛵ (1913)
* Naramata⚓ (1914)
* Sicamous⚓ (1914)
* Stadt Rapperswil⛵ (1914)

World War I|

* Belle of Louisville⛵ (1914)
* Britannia⛵️ (1914)
* Bustardthorpe⛵ (1914)
* Caroline⚓ (1914)
* Hercules⛵ (1914)
* Horns Rev⚓ (1914)
* Katahdin⛵ (1914)
* Libby's No. 23⚓ (1914)
* Doulos Phos⚓ (1914)
* Perth⚓ (1914)
* Pilot⛵ (1914)
* Statsraad Lehmkuhl⛵ (1914)
* Zumbrota⛵ (1914)
* Bradbury⚓ (1915)
* Graf von Goetzen⛵ (1915)
* Katie⛵ (1915)
* Langer Heinrich⛵ (1915)
* M33⚓ (1915)
* Mar-Sue⛵ (1915)
* Miseford⛵ (1915)
* Peacock⛵ (1915)
* Sankt Erik⛵ (1915)
* Wilhelm Carpelan⚓ (1915)
* Coastal Motor Boat 4⚓ (1916)
* Krassin⚓ (1916)
* Mariette⛵️ (1916)
* Mercantile⛵ (1916)
* Portsmouth⚓ (1916)
* UB-46⚓ (1916)
* Carlisle II⛵ (1917)⚓ (1917)
* Carpentaria⚓ (1917)
* Commander⛵ (1917)
* L'Art de Vivre⛵ (1917)
* Maud⚓ (1917)
* St. Julien⛵️ (1917)
* Valley Camp⚓️ (1917)
* El Don⛵️ (1918)
* Felipe Larrazabal ⚓ (1918)
* Kapitan Borchardt⛵ (1918)
* Lotus⛵ (1918)
* Oosterschelde⛵ (1918)
* President⚓ (1918)
* Surprise⛵ (1918)
* W. P. Snyder Jr.⚓ (1918)

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