Vivaldi (web browser)

Web browser with built-in email client

Vivaldi

Vivaldi running on macOS showing the Wikipedia homepage

Developer(s)| Vivaldi Technologies
Initial release| 27 January 2015; 10 years ago (2015-01-27)[1][2]
Stable release(s)

| Linux, macOS, Windows| 7.5 (3735.47)[3]  / 9 July 2025; 0 days ago (9 July 2025)

|

Android| 7.4 (3691.94)[4]  / 3 July 2025; 6 days ago (3 July 2025)
iOS, iPadOS| 7.4 (3691.72)[5]  / 6 June 2025; 33 days ago (6 June 2025)

Preview release(s)

| Linux, macOS, Windows| 7.2 (3621.52)[6]  / 14 March 2025; 3 months ago (14 March 2025)

|

Android| 7.2 (3628.23)[7]  / 13 March 2025; 3 months ago (13 March 2025)
iOS, iPadOS| 7.2 (3628.25)[8]  / 14 March 2025; 3 months ago (14 March 2025)

Repository|

* vivaldi.com/source

Written in| C++[9]
Engines| Blink (WebKit on iOS/iPadOS), V8
Operating system|

* Android 8 and later
* iOS 16 and later
* iPadOS 16 and later
* Linux
* macOS 11 and later
* Windows 10 and later

Platform| IA-32, x86-64, ARM
Available in| 53 languages[10]

List of languages

Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Basque, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Frisian, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ido, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Kurdish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Lojban, Macedonian, Norwegian (Bokmal), Norwegian (Nynorsk), Persian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Sardinian, Scots Gaelic, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Spanish (Peru), Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese

Type| Web browser
License| Proprietary freeware[a]
Website| vivaldi.com

Vivaldi (/vɪˈvɑːldi, vəˈv-/)[12][13] is a freeware, cross-platform web browser with a built-in email client developed by Vivaldi Technologies; the company was founded by Tatsuki Tomita and Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner, who was the co-founder and CEO of Opera Software. Vivaldi was initially released on 27 January 2015.[14][15]

Although intended for general users, Vivaldi is primarily targeted towards technically inclined users, in addition to former Opera users disgruntled by its transition from the Presto layout engine to a Chromium-based browser, which resulted in the loss of many of its distinctive features.[14][16] Even though it is also Chromium-based, Vivaldi aims to revive the features of the Presto-based Opera with its own proprietary modifications.[17][18]

Vivaldi replaced Firefox as the default browser on the Cinnamon Community Edition of the Manjaro Linux distribution.[19] As of December 2024[update], Vivaldi claims to have 3.1 million active users.[20]

## History

[edit]

Vivaldi began as a virtual community website that replaced My Opera, which was shut down by Opera Software in March 2014.[21] Von Tetzchner was angered by this decision because he believed that this community helped make the Opera web browser what it was. Von Tetzchner then launched the Vivaldi Community—a virtual community focused on providing registered users with a discussion forum, blogging service, and numerous other practical web services—to make up for My Opera's closure.

Later, on 27 January 2015, Vivaldi Technologies launched the first technical preview of the Vivaldi web browser.[22] In the first 10 days of being available, Vivaldi was downloaded 500,000 times, which, according to von Tetzchner, was "a very high number, especially if you consider that it's still a technical preview".[23] The browser's name comes from the Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi, which, according to Tatsuki Tomita, is an easy name to be remembered and understood worldwide.[15]

The first stable release of the browser, version 1.0, was released on 6 April 2016.[24] Initially being available only for Linux, macOS, and Windows, Vivaldi was launched with the intent of giving additional functionality when other browsers on the market at the time tried "their best at simplifying, and streamlining their products", according to Ars Technica.[25]

In September 2021, Vivaldi replaced Firefox as the default browser on the Manjaro Cinnamon Community Edition to a mixed reception from the Linux community, as Vivaldi is not "free and open source software";[19] Manjaro developers cited this decision on Vivaldi's feature-richness and exceptional customisability.[26] In December 2021, Vivaldi became the first web browser to be available for the Android Automotive operating system used in the Swedish electric vehicle manufacturer Polestar's Polestar 2.[27]

## Features

[edit]

Vivaldi 1.0.228.3 displaying the Wikipedia homepage in its "Chromeless UI" mode

Vivaldi has a distinctive user interface with basic icons and fonts, and, optionally, a colour scheme that changes based on the background and design of the web page being visited.[28] The browser also allows users to customise the appearance of UI elements such as background colour, overall theme, address bar and tab positioning, start pages and even its icons and some of its other elements.[29] According to CEO Jon von Tetzchner, Vivaldi's unique customisability is how the browser caters to experienced users.[30]

Vivaldi comes with built-in ad blocker, pop up blocker and tracker blocker. These features block intrusive ads, help web pages load faster, and protect against malicious ads and trackers.[31] It comes with built-in e-mail client with IMAP and POP3 support. Some of the Mail features are saved searches, offline message search, powerful messages filtering and text formatting .[32] The browser can be used as a feed reader to save RSS and Atom feeds, plus managing them in an easy and direct way using tools like Labels and Flags .[33] It also comes with built-in Vivaldi Calendar to manage events in the browser.[34] Vivaldi Translate is powered by Lingvanex, and can instantly translate whole websites or only certain words from them, without the need for third-party extensions.[35]

Vivaldi features the ability to "stack" and "tile" tabs, annotate web pages, and add notes to bookmarks.[36][37] Furthermore, users can place digital bookmarks on a Speed Dial page[38][39][40] for quick access and harness Quick Commands to search bookmarks, browsing history, open tabs, and settings.[41] Vivaldi is built around and based on web technologies such as HTML5, Node.js, React.js, and numerous NPM modules.[42] As of Technical Preview 4, Vivaldi also supports numerous mouse gestures for actions like tab switching and keyboard activation.[30] Vivaldi can also be set to a "Chromeless UI", which gives users more screen real-estate and the ability to focus on a single page without distractions.[43] To accommodate users who prefer to use a large number of tabs at the same time, Vivaldi supports hibernation, aka Tab Hibernation for both individual tabs and for tab stacks, freeing resources while the user does not actively use those tabs.

### Extensions

[edit]

Vivaldi can use many browser extensions developed for Google Chrome and Firefox (they both use the WebExtensions API[44]), and users can install extensions directly from the Chrome Web Store. Most of these work properly in Vivaldi, except for themes specific to Google Chrome, due to Vivaldi using a unique backend for rendering the UI compared to the typical render for themes used by most Chromium-based browsers.[45][46]

## Market share

[edit]

Further information: Usage share of web browsers

Starting with version 2.10, Vivaldi changed its user agent string to mimic a generic build of Chromium, which results in it not being recorded as a unique browser and causing a decrease in its recorded market share.[47]

## Reception

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2021)

|

Ars Technica reviewer Scott Gilbertson wrote about version 1.0 in April 2016. He praised its innovative features, such as its tab handling, while noting that it will most likely remain a niche browser and not see widespread uptake.[48] In October 2018, Gilbertson gave version 2.0 a very positive review and stated that Vivaldi is now his usual browser and that he would be hard put to go back to a browser without its unique features.[49]

Ghacks editor-in-chief Martin Brinkmann wrote about the privacy of Vivaldi in January 2018. He criticised the lack of an opt-out option for the unique user ID it generates to get general statistics about the browser's userbase, but commented that the unique ID "is easy enough to delete" and "it is different anyway if you use Vivaldi on multiple devices".[50]

TechRadar's managing editor, Desire Athow, published a review of Vivaldi in August 2021. In the review, Athow praised the browser's focus on the productivity, highlighting its advanced tab management features such as tab hibernation, multi-tab management, and split-screen view. However, he also pointed out that Vivaldi's extensive feature set and high degree of customizability can also be overwhelming for a casual user, making it clear that browser is not designed for everyone.[51]

Wired's senior writer, Scott Gilbertson, reviewed version 4.0 of the browser in June 2021. He praised the high number of customization options, suggesting it might be the "Emacs of web browsers" for its personalized user experience. Gilbertson highlighted the browser's unique features, including a built-in email client, RSS feed reader, calendar, and translation tools. Additionally, he recommended Vivaldi to users searching for a more tailored and efficient browsing experience, while also praising its performance.[52]

PC world's Staff Writer Michael Crider said in a July 2024 article "After a month, I’m finding that there’s nothing I want to do with Vivaldi that I can’t", but criticised it for not being able to handle multiple tabs without bugs. [53]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The user interface (UI) layer of the browser is closed-source. The C++ backend and the open-source Chromium codebase used in the browser is released under BSD-3.[11]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Vivaldi Tech Preview 1 Just Arrived". Vivaldi Technologies. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
2. ^ Paul, Ian (27 January 2015). "New Vivaldi browser aims to win over power users". PCWorld. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
3. ^ "Minor update (2) for Vivaldi Desktop Browser 7.5". 9 July 2025. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
4. ^ "Minor update(5) for Vivaldi Android Browser 7.4". 3 July 2025. Retrieved 3 July 2025.
5. ^ "Minor update(2) for Vivaldi iOS Browser 7.4". 6 June 2025. Retrieved 3 July 2025.
6. ^ "Vivaldi 7.2 RC 1 – Vivaldi Desktop Browser snapshot 3621.52/54". 14 March 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
7. ^ "Vivaldi Mobile 7.2 RC 1 – Vivaldi Android Browser snapshot 3628.23". 13 March 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
8. ^ "Vivaldi Mobile 7.2 RC 1 – Vivaldi iOS Browser snapshot 3628.25". 14 March 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
9. ^ "Vivaldi browser: Interview with Jón Stephenson von Tetzchner". utappia.org. 21 September 2016. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
10. ^ "Vivaldi version 1.13.1008.32 for Windows (7+)". Vivaldi Technologies. 25 November 2017.
11. ^ Picalausa, Julien (9 July 2021). "Why isn't Vivaldi browser open-source?". Vivaldi. Retrieved 21 August 2022. "Vivaldi is built in roughly three layers: 1. Chromium, the foundation for our browser. 2. A lot of backend C++ code to support unique features like Ad blocker and Notes. 3. Our UI for desktop (HTML+CSS+JS) and Android [...] Roughly 92% of the browser's code is open source coming from Chromium, 3% is open source coming from us, which leaves only 5% for our UI closed-source code."
12. ^ Vivaldi 5.3: Tweak and tune your browser with the new Editable Toolbars. Vivaldi. 1 June 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022 – via YouTube.
13. ^ What's New in Vivaldi | April 2022. Vivaldi. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022 – via YouTube.
14. ^ a b Shankland, Stephen (27 January 2015). "Ex-Opera CEO composes Vivaldi, a new Web browser". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 27 January 2015.
15. ^ a b "Vivaldi: testamos o navegador de internet que tem personalização completa". Tecmundo (in Portuguese). Grupo NZN. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
16. ^ Minic, Ivan (10 February 2015). "Jon S. von Tetzchner: We will (re)create a browser you love". Medium.
17. ^ Gilbertson, Scott (6 March 2015). "Hands-on with Vivaldi, the new Web browser for power users". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
18. ^ "Vivaldi is building "Opera as it should've been"". www.arstechnica.com. Ars Technica. 16 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
19. ^ a b Borisov, Bobby (9 September 2021). "Manjaro Cinnamon Edition Decided to Switch from Firefox to Vivaldi". Linuxiac. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
20. ^ "We're in Control". vivaldi.com. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
21. ^ Shankland, Stephen (23 January 2014). "Ex-CEO picks up where Opera left off, launching Vivaldi site". CNET. CBS Interactive.
22. ^ Shankland, Stephen (27 January 2015). "Ex-Opera CEO composes Vivaldi, a new Web browser". CNET. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
23. ^ Dagenborg, Joachim (6 February 2015). "Vivaldi browser hits 500,000 downloads in first 10 days". Reuters. Oslo, Norway. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
24. ^ "Vivaldi 1.0: Not for everybody, just you". Vivaldi Technologies. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
25. ^ Andrii, Degeler (6 April 2016). "Vivaldi 1.0 tries to reverse web browser simplification trend". Ars Technica. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
26. ^ "Vivaldi Replaces Firefox as the Default Browser on Manjaro Linux Cinnamon". betanews. 9 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
27. ^ "Vivaldi in Polestar: The first browser for Android Automotive OS". Vivaldi Browser. 22 December 2021.
28. ^ Lardinois, Frederic (8 March 2015). "Vivaldi Is Quickly Becoming The Alternative Browser To Beat". TechCrunch.
29. ^ Brinkmann, Martin (2 June 2015). "Latest Vivaldi snapshot introduces interface scaling". Ghacks. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
30. ^ a b Frederic, Lardinois (16 July 2015). "Vivaldi Browser Gets New Customization Options, Mouse Gestures And Experimental Chrome Extension Support". TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
31. ^ "Ad Blocker – fast and free, no extensions needed".
32. ^ "Mail | an email client built into your browser | Vivaldi".
33. ^ "Feed Reader | Read feeds from the sources you choose | Vivaldi".
34. ^ "Calendar | Manage private and shared calendars | Vivaldi".
35. ^ "Translate | Private translation on desktop and Android | Vivaldi".
36. ^ Williams, Owen (28 April 2015). "Latest Vivaldi browser preview brings useful tab stacking feature and more". The Next Web.
37. ^ Paul, Ian (28 April 2015). "This is neat: You can stack and tile browser tabs in the Vivaldi beta browser for power users". PCWorld.
38. ^ "Speed Dials". Vivaldi Browser Help. 29 January 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2025.
39. ^ "Speed Dials in Vivaldi on Android". Vivaldi Browser Help. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2025.
40. ^ "Speed Dials in Vivaldi on iOS". Vivaldi Browser Help. 24 July 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2025.
41. ^ Clarke, Victor (27 January 2015). "Vivaldi Browser: a Quick Look at the Opera Successor". hackerspace.lifehacker.com. LifeHacker. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
42. ^ Williams, Owen (27 January 2015). "Meet Vivaldi, a new browser from the former CEO of Opera". The Next Web.
43. ^ Ødegaard, Ruarí (17 July 2015). "Snapshot 1.0.228.3 – With Chromeless UI". Vivaldi Technologies. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016.
44. ^ "MDN: Browser Extensions". 8 June 2023. "Extensions, or add-ons, can modify and enhance the capability of a browser. Extensions for Firefox are built using the WebExtensions API cross-browser technology. The technology for extensions in Firefox is, to a large extent, compatible with the extension API supported by Chromium-based browsers such as Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Opera. In most cases, extensions written for Chromium-based browsers run in Firefox with just a few changes."
45. ^ Williams, Owen (16 July 2015). "Sick of Chrome? Vivaldi can now run your favorite extensions". The Next Web. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
46. ^ "Using Extensions in Vivaldi". Vivaldi Browser Help. 29 January 2016.
47. ^ "Vivaldi 2.10: No strings attached". Vivaldi Technologies. 19 December 2019.
48. ^ Gilbertson, Scott (28 April 2016). "Even at 1.0, Vivaldi closes in on the cure for the common browser". Ars Technica. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
49. ^ Gilbertson, Scott (19 October 2018). "Vivaldi 2.0 review: The modern Web browser does not have to be so bland". Ars Technica. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
50. ^ Brinkmann, Martin (30 January 2018). "Vivaldi browser and privacy". Ghacks. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
51. ^ Athow, Desire (29 August 2021). "Vivaldi browser review". TechRadar. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
52. ^ Gilbertson, Scott. "You're Probably Not Using the Web's Best Browser". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
53. ^ "I got sick of Chrome's BS and switched to Vivaldi. Here's what happened". PCWorld. Retrieved 3 January 2025.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Email clients

Free software|

| Current|

* Alpine
* Balsa
* Citadel/UX
* Claws Mail
* Cleancode eMail
* Evolution
* fetchmail
* fdm
* Geary
* getmail
* GNUMail
* Gnus
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* IMP
* K-9 Mail
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* Mailx
* Mailx (Heirloom Project)
* Modest
* Mozilla Thunderbird
* Mulberry
* Mutt
* nmh / MH
* OfflineIMAP
* Roundcube
* SeaMonkey
* SquirrelMail
* Sylpheed
* Trojitá
* YAM
* Zimbra

|

Discontinued|

* Arachne
* Beonex Communicator
* BlitzMail
* Classilla
* Columbia MM
* Elm
* FossaMail
* Hula
* Mailody
* Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups
* Nylas N1

Proprietary|

| Freeware/Freemium|

* eM Client
* EmailTray
* Foxmail
* i.Scribe
* Mailbird
* Spark
* Spike
* TouchMail
* Vivaldi Mail

|

Retail|

* Hiri
* Bloomba/WordPerfect Mail
* Newton
* HCL Domino
* InScribe
* Apple Mail
* Mail (Windows)
* Microsoft Outlook
* Outlook for Windows
* Novell GroupWise
* Airmail
* Postbox

Shareware|

* Becky!
* Forté Agent
* GyazMail
* The Bat!
* Samsung Email

Donationware|

* Pegasus Mail

Discontinued|

* cc:Mail
* Claris Emailer
* Courier
* Cyberdog
* Cyberjack
* Embrowser
* Eudora
* Mailbox
* Microsoft Entourage
* Microsoft Internet Mail and News
* Microsoft Mail
* MINUET
* Netscape Mail
* Netscape Messenger 9
* NeXTMail
* Outlook Express
* Pine
* Pocomail
* POPmail
* Sparrow
* Turnpike
* WebSpyder
* Windows Live Mail
* Windows Messaging

Related technologies|

* SMTP
* IMAP
* JMAP
* LMTP
* POP
* Push-IMAP
* SMAP
* UUCP

Related topics|

* Email
* Unicode and email

* Category
* Comparison

* v
* t
* e

Timeline of web browsers

General

* Comparison
* lightweight
* History
* List
* for Unix
* Usage share

1990s

| 1990|

* WorldWideWeb (Nexus)

|

1991|

* Line Mode Browser
* libwww

1992|

* Erwise
* MacWWW (Samba)
* MidasWWW
* tkWWW
* ViolaWWW

1993|

* AMosaic
* Arena
* Cello
* Emacs/W3
* Lynx 2
* NCSA Mosaic
* VMS Mosaic

1994|

* AirMosaic
* Internet in a Box
* ANT Fresco
* Argo
* IBM WebExplorer
* SlipKnot
* Minuet
* Navipress
* Mosaic/Mosaic Netscape/Netscape Navigator
* Spyglass Mosaic
* TCP/Connect II

1995|

* Agora
* ALynx
* AMSD Ariadna
* Cyberjack
* eWorld Web Browser
* Grail
* Internet Explorer 1
* Internet Explorer 2
* Netscape Navigator 2
* NetShark
* OmniWeb
* HotJava
* UdiWWW
* WebShark
* w3m

1996|

* Cyberdog
* Arachne
* AWeb
* IBrowse
* Amaya
* Internet Explorer 3
* MSN Program Viewer
* Netscape Navigator 3
* Opera 2
* Oracle PowerBrowser
* tcpCONNECT4
* Voyager

1997|

* Netscape Communicator
* Internet Explorer 4
* Opera 2.1

1998|

* NeoPlanet
* Mozilla Application Suite
* Opera 3–3.21

1999|

* iCab
* Internet Explorer 5
* OmniWeb 3
* Opera 3.5–3.62

2000s

| 2000|

* Beonex Communicator
* Galeon
* K-Meleon
* Konqueror
* MediaBrowser
* Netscape 6
* Opera 4–4.02

|

2001|

* iCab 2.5
* Internet Explorer 6
* MSN Explorer
* OmniWeb 4
* Opera 5–5.12

2002|

* Camino
* Epiphany
* Netscape 7
* Opera 6–6.1

2003|

* GreenBrowser
* Maxthon
* Opera 7–7.3
* Safari
* SlimBrowser

2004|

* Phoenix/Firebird/Firefox
* Opera 7.5–7.55

2005|

* AOL Explorer
* Deepnet Explorer
* Firefox 1.5
* Netscape Browser
* Opera 8–8.54
* Safari 2

2006|

* Firefox 2
* Internet Explorer 7
* Opera 9–9.27

2007|

* Maxthon 2
* Opera 9.5–9.64
* Safari 3
* SeaMonkey 1.1

2008|

* Chrome
* Firefox 3
* Netscape Navigator 9
* NetSurf 1.2

2009|

* Chrome 2–3
* Firefox 3.5
* Internet Explorer 8
* Opera 10–10.63
* Pale Moon
* Safari 4
* SeaMonkey 2.0

2010s

| 2010|

* Chrome 4–8
* Firefox 3.6
* Lunascape 6.0.1
* Maxthon 3
* NetSurf 2.5
* Opera 11–11.64
* Safari 5

|

2011|

* Chrome 9–16
* Firefox 4–9
* Internet Explorer 9
* Lunascape 6.5
* Opera 12–12.17
* SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4
* Waterfox

2012|

* Chrome 17–23
* Firefox 10–17
* Internet Explorer 10
* Lunascape 6.7
* Maxthon 3.4
* NetSurf 2.9
* Safari 6
* Yandex

2013|

* Chrome 24–31
* Firefox 18–26
* Internet Explorer 11
* Opera 15–18
* Safari 7
* SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22

2014|

* Chrome 32–39
* Firefox 27–34
* Lunascape 6.9
* NetSurf 3.1
* Opera 19–26
* Safari 8
* SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31

2015|

* Chrome 40–47
* Firefox 35–43
* Lunascape 6.10–6.12
* Microsoft Edge 20, 25
* Opera 27–34
* Safari 9
* SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39
* Vivaldi Technical Preview 1–Beta 2

2016|

* Brave 0.7–0.12
* Chrome 48–55
* Firefox 44–50
* Lunascape 6.13–6.15
* Microsoft Edge 38
* Opera 35–42
* Safari 10
* Vivaldi Beta 3–1.6
* Yandex 16

2017|

* Brave 0.13–0.19
* Chrome 56–63
* Firefox 51–57
* Microsoft Edge 40, 41
* Opera 43–49
* Safari 11
* SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49
* Vivaldi 1.7–1.13
* Yandex 17

2018|

* Basilisk
* Brave 0.20–0.60
* Chrome 64–71
* Firefox 58–64
* Microsoft Edge 42–44
* Opera 50–57
* Safari 12
* Vivaldi 1.14–2.2
* Waterfox 56.0–56.2
* Yandex 18

2019|

* Brave 0.61–1.1
* Chrome 72–79
* Firefox 65–71
* Microsoft Edge 44
* Opera 58–65
* Safari 13
* Vivaldi 2.3–2.10
* Waterfox 60.1–68.0a2
* Whale 1.4–1.5
* Yandex 19

2020s

| 2020|

* Brave 1.2–1.18
* Chrome 80–87
* Firefox 72–84
* Microsoft Edge 79–87
* Opera 66–73
* SeaMonkey 2.53
* Vivaldi 2.11–3.5
* Yandex 20
* Safari 14

|

2021|

* Brave 1.19–1.33
* Chrome 88–96
* Firefox 85–95
* Microsoft Edge 88–96
* Opera 74–82
* SeaMonkey 2.53.10.2
* Vivaldi 3.6–5.0
* Yandex 21
* Safari 15

2022|

* Arc 0.46–0.81
* Brave 1.34–1.46
* Chrome 97–108
* Firefox 96–108
* Microsoft Edge 97–108
* Opera 83–94
* Vivaldi 5.1–5.6
* Yandex 22
* Safari 16

2023|

* Arc 0.85–1.21
* Brave 1.47–1.61
* Chrome 109–120
* Firefox 109–121
* Microsoft Edge 109–120
* Opera 95–106
* Vivaldi 5.7–6.5
* Yandex 23
* Safari 17

2024|

* Arc 1.25–1.74
* Brave 1.62–1.73
* Chrome 121–131
* Firefox 122–133
* Microsoft Edge 121–131
* Opera 107–115
* Vivaldi 6.6–7.0
* Yandex 24
* Safari 18

2025|

* Arc 1.77–
* Brave 1.74–
* Chrome 132–
* Firefox 134–
* Microsoft Edge 132–
* Opera 116–
* Vivaldi 7.1–
* Yandex 25
* Safari 26

Related topics

* 3D Markup Language for Web
* ALIWEB
* ARPANET
* ASCII
* BITNET
* Browser wars
* CompuServe
* Elm
* Email
* File Transfer Protocol
* Gopher
* HTML
* HyperCard
* HyTelnet
* NCSA Telnet
* NLS
* Prodigy
* Teletext
* Telnet
* Usenet
* UUCP
* Videotex
* Viewdata
* Virtual Reality Markup Language
* Web page
* Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog
* World Wide Web
* X.25

* v
* t
* e

Web browsers

* Features
* standards
* protocols

| Features|

* Bookmarks
* Extensions
* Privacy mode

|

Web standards|

* HTML
* v5
* CSS
* DOM
* JavaScript
* WebAssembly
* Web storage
* IndexedDB
* WebGL
* WebGPU

Protocols|

* HTTP
* Encryption
* Cookies
* third-party
* OCSP
* WebRTC
* WebSocket

Active

| Blink-based|

| Proprietary|

* Google Chrome
* Arc
* Avast
* Cốc Cốc
* Comodo
* Ecosia
* Epic
* Huawei
* Maxthon
* Microsoft Edge
* Opera (Mobile)
* Puffin
* QQ
* Samsung
* Silk
* Sleipnir
* SRWare
* UC
* Vivaldi
* Whale
* Yandex

|

FOSS|

* Chromium
* Brave
* Dooble
* Falkon
* Otter
* Supermium
* ungoogled

Gecko-based|

* Firefox
* Floorp
* GNU IceCat
* LibreWolf
* Midori
* SlimBrowser
* Tor
* Zen
* Gecko forks
* Basilisk
* K-Meleon
* Pale Moon
* SeaMonkey
* Waterfox

WebKit-based|

* Safari
* GNOME Web
* iCab
* Orion

Multi-engine|

* 360
* DuckDuckGo
* Konqueror
* Lunascape
* NetFront
* qutebrowser

Other|

* Dillo
* eww
* Flow
* Ladybird
* Links
* Lynx
* NetSurf
* Opera Mini
* w3m

Discontinued

| Blink-based|

* Beaker
* Citrio
* Flock
* Redcore
* Rockmelt
* SalamWeb
* Sputnik
* Torch

|

Gecko-based|

* Beonex
* Camino
* Classilla
* Conkeror
* Firefox Lite
* Galeon
* Ghostzilla
* IceDragon
* Kazehakase
* Kylo
* Lotus
* MicroB
* Minimo
* Mozilla suite
* PirateBrowser
* Pogo
* Strata
* Swiftfox
* Swiftweasel
* TenFourFox
* Timberwolf
* xB

MSHTML-based|

* Internet Explorer
* AOL
* Deepnet
* GreenBrowser
* MediaBrowser
* MSN Explorer
* MSN Program Viewer
* NeoPlanet
* NetCaptor
* SpaceTime
* ZAC

WebKit-based|

* Arora
* BOLT
* Dolphin
* Fluid
* Google TV
* Iris
* Mercury
* Nokia Symbian
* OmniWeb
* Opera Coast
* Origyn
* QtWeb
* Shiira
* Steel
* surf
* Uzbl
* WebPositive
* xombrero

Other|

* abaco
* Amaya
* Arachne
* Arena
* Blazer
* Cake
* CM
* Deepfish
* Edge Legacy
* ELinks
* Gazelle
* HotJava
* IBM Home Page Reader
* IBM WebExplorer
* IBrowse
* Internet Explorer for Mac
* KidZui
* Line Mode
* Mosaic
* MSN TV
* NetPositive
* Netscape
* Skweezer
* Skyfire
* ThunderHawk
* Vision
* WinWAP
* WorldWideWeb

* List
* Comparison
* Category

Portal:

* Internet

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