Volcán de Colima

Volcano in Mexico

For other uses, see Colima (disambiguation).

Volcán de Colima

Volcán de Colima in 2009

Highest point
Elevation| 3820+ m (12,533+ ft)[1]
Prominence| 600 m (2,000 ft)[1]
Listing|

* North America highest peak 60th
* North America prominent 25th
* North America isolated peak 46th
* Mexico highest major peaks

Coordinates| 19°30′46″N 103°37′02″W﻿ / ﻿19.512727°N 103.617241°W﻿ / 19.512727; -103.617241[1]
Geography

Volcán de Colima

Location in Mexico

Location| Jalisco / Colima, Mexico
Parent range| Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Geology
Age of rock| 5 million years
Mountain type| Stratovolcano
Volcanic arc/belt| Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Last eruption| 2013 to 2018 (ongoing)[2]
Colima volcano as seen by the Landsat satellite

The Volcán de Colima, 3,820 m (12,530 ft), also known as Volcán de Fuego, is part of the Colima Volcanic Complex (CVC) consisting of Volcán de Colima, Nevado de Colima (Spanish pronunciation: [neˈβaðo ðe koˈlima] ⓘ)[3] and the eroded El Cántaro (listed as extinct). It is the youngest of the three and as of 2015 is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico and in North America. It has erupted more than 40 times since 1576. One of the largest eruptions was on January 20–24, 1913.[4] Nevado de Colima, also known as Tzapotépetl, lies 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of its more active neighbor and is the taller of the two at 4,271 meters (14,012 feet). It is the 26th-most prominent peak in North America.[5]

Despite its name, only a fraction of the volcano's surface area is in the state of Colima; the majority of its surface area lies over the border in the neighboring state of Jalisco, toward the western end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is about 485 km (301 mi) west of Mexico City and 125 km (78 mi) south of Guadalajara, Jalisco.

Since 1869–1878, a parasitic set of domes, collectively known as El Volcancito, has formed on the northeast flank of the main cone of the volcano.[6]

## Geological history

[edit]

In the late Pleistocene era, a huge landslide occurred at the mountain, with approximately 25 km3 (6.0 cu mi) of debris traveling some 120 km, reaching the Pacific Ocean. An area of some 2,200 km2 was covered in landslide deposits. The currently active cone is within a large caldera that was probably formed by a combination of landslides and large eruptions. The lava is andesite containing 56-61% SiO2.[7] About 300,000 people live within 40 km (25 mi) of the volcano, which makes it the most dangerous volcano in Mexico.[4] In light of its history of large eruptions and situation in a densely populated area, it was designated a Decade Volcano, singling it out for study.

## Current activity

[edit]

In recent years, there have been frequent temporary evacuations of nearby villagers due to threatening volcanic activity. Eruptions have occurred in 1991, 1998–1999 and from 2001 to the present day, with activity being characterized by extrusion of viscous lava forming a lava dome, and occasional larger explosions, forming pyroclastic flows and dusting the areas surrounding the volcano with ash and tephra.

The largest eruption for several years occurred on May 24, 2005. An ash cloud rose to more than 3 km over the volcano and satellite monitoring indicated that the cloud spread over an area extending 110 nautical miles (200 km) west of the volcano in the hours after the eruption.[8] Pyroclastic flows travelled 4–5 km from the vent, and lava bombs landed 3-4 km away. Authorities set up an exclusion zone within 6.5 km of the summit.

On November 21, 2014, the volcano erupted again. An ash column was sent 5 km into the air, covering towns as far as 25 km away in ash. No fatalities were reported, and no evacuations took place.[citation needed] There were eruptions on January 10, 21 and 25, with the ash from the January 21 eruption falling in towns more than 15 miles (24 km) away.[9][10]

Plume of ash, December 17, 2016, 5h PM.

On 10 July 2015, there was another eruption. Another eruption occurred on September 25, 2016, sending a plume of ash and smoke 10,000 feet (3,000 m) into the sky. During December 2016, ash plumes occurred once or twice a day. On December 18, 2016, there were three eruptions. The biggest columns of ash reached 2 kilometers in height.[11]

Colima volcano experienced another strong explosion at 06:27 UTC (00:27 CST) on January 18, 2017. The eruption spewed volcanic ash up to 4 km (13,123 feet) above the crater.

## Volcanological center

[edit]

The volcano is monitored by the Colima Volcano Observatory at the University of Colima, Mexico. A team analyzes, interprets and communicates every event that occurs at this volcano.

In 2018, a webcam was installed close to the volcano, and volcanic activity can be seen in real-time.[12]

## References

[edit]

Notes

1. ^ a b c "Volcán de Colima, Mexico". Peakbagger.com.
2. ^ "Colima volcano". 19 Feb 2018.
3. ^ "The Colima Volcanic Complex, Mexico" (PDF). Mineralogy and Petrology. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
4. ^ a b Ritchie, David (2006). Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Alexander E. Gates, Ph.D., and David Ritchie. p. 52.
5. ^ "North America Peaks with 2000 meters of Prominence". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
6. ^ "Structure of the Volcancito Dome, Volcan Fuego De Colima, Mexico, Revealed in High Resolution Magnetic Anomalies". confex.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
7. ^ http://www.geo.mtu.edu/EHaz/ConvergentPlatesClass/Colima/Luhr Colima andesite.pdf James F. Luhr and Ian S.E. Carmichael, 1980: The Colima Volcanic Complex, Mexico in Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 71, page 347
8. ^ http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/ARCHIVE/COLI/2005E240658.html[dead link]
9. ^ "VIDEO: Mexico's Colima Volcano spews enormous cloud of ash". NY Daily News. 22 January 2015.
10. ^ "Footage of huge ash plume as Mexico's Colima volcano erupts". BBC News. 25 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
11. ^ "Mexico's Colima Volcano Spews Ash, Vapor a Mile Into the Air". New York Times. December 18, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
12. ^ "Volcán de Colima". www.webcamsdemexico.com. Retrieved 2018-12-26.

Bibliography

* Domínguez T., Ramírez J.J., Breton M. (2003), Present Stage Of Activity At Colima Volcano, Mexico, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2003, abstract #V42B-0350

## External links

[edit]

Volcán de Colima at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Resources from Wikiversity

* Universidad de Colima, Observatorio Vulcanológico (in Spanish)
* Universidad de Colima, Centro de Intercambio e Investigación en Vulcanología (in English and Spanish)
* Experiments at Colima by the Alaska Volcano Observatory
* "Colima". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
* "Volcán de Colima". SummitPost.org. Retrieved 2016-12-03.

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The 126 highest major summits of greater North America

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2. Mount Logan
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5. Volcán Popocatépetl
6. Mount Foraker
7. Mount Lucania
8. Volcán Iztaccíhuatl
9. King Peak
10. Mount Bona
11. Mount Steele
12. Mount Blackburn
13. Mount Sanford
14. Mount Wood
15. Mount Vancouver
16. Mount Slaggard
17. Nevado de Toluca
18. Mount Fairweather
19. Sierra Negra
20. Mount Hubbard
21. Mount Bear
22. Mount Walsh
23. Mount Hunter
24. Volcán La Malinche
25. Mount Whitney
26. Mount Alverstone
27. University Peak
28. Mount Elbert
29. Mount Massive
30. Mount Harvard
31. Mount Rainier
32. Mount Williamson
33. McArthur Peak
34. Blanca Peak
35. La Plata Peak
36. Uncompahgre Peak
37. Crestone Peak
38. Mount Lincoln
39. Castle Peak
40. Grays Peak
41. Mount Antero
42. Mount Blue Sky
43. Longs Peak
44. Mount Wilson
45. White Mountain Peak
46. North Palisade
47. Mount Princeton
48. Mount Yale
49. Mount Shasta
50. Maroon Peak
51. Mount Wrangell
52. Mount Sneffels
53. Capitol Peak
54. Pikes Peak
55. Windom Peak/Mount Eolus
56. Mount Augusta
57. Handies Peak
58. Culebra Peak
59. Cofre de Perote
60. San Luis Peak
61. Mount of the Holy Cross
62. Nevado de Colima
63. Grizzly Peak
64. Mount Humphreys
65. Mount Keith
66. Mount Strickland
67. Mount Ouray
68. Vermilion Peak
69. Avalanche Peak
70. Atna Peaks
71. Volcán Tajumulco
72. Regal Mountain
73. Mount Darwin
74. Mount Hayes
75. Mount Silverheels
76. Rio Grande Pyramid
77. Gannett Peak
78. Mount Kaweah
79. Grand Teton
80. Mount Cook
81. Mount Morgan
82. Mount Gabb
83. Bald Mountain
84. Mount Oso
85. Mount Jackson
86. Mount Tom
87. Bard Peak
88. Cerro Tláloc
89. West Spanish Peak
90. Mount Powell
91. Hagues Peak
92. Mount Dubois
93. Tower Mountain
94. Treasure Mountain
95. Kings Peak
96. North Arapaho Peak
97. Mount Pinchot
98. Mount Natazhat
99. Mount Jarvis
100. Parry Peak
101. Bill Williams Peak
102. Sultan Mountain
103. Mount Herard
104. Volcán Tacaná
105. West Buffalo Peak
106. Mount Craig
107. Tressider Peak
108. Summit Peak
109. Middle Peak/Dolores Peak
110. Antora Peak
111. Henry Mountain
112. Hesperus Mountain
113. Mount Silverthrone
114. Jacque Peak
115. Bennett Peak
116. Wind River Peak
117. Mount Waddington
118. Conejos Peak
119. Mount Marcus Baker
120. Cloud Peak
121. Wheeler Peak
122. Francs Peak
123. Twilight Peak
124. South River Peak
125. Mount Ritter
126. Red Slate Mountain

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The 100 most prominent summits of greater North America

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2. Mount Logan
3. Pico de Orizaba
4. Mount Rainier
5. Volcán Tajumulco
6. Mount Fairweather
7. Chirripó Grande
8. Gunnbjørn Fjeld
9. Mount Blackburn
10. Mount Hayes
11. Mount Saint Elias
12. Mount Waddington
13. Mount Marcus Baker
14. Pico Duarte
15. Mount Lucania
16. Mount Whitney
17. Popocatépetl
18. Mount Shasta
19. Monarch Mountain
20. Shishaldin Volcano
21. Mount Robson
22. Redoubt Volcano
23. Mount Elbert
24. Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier
25. Nevado de Colima
26. Mount Vancouver
27. Mount Sir Sandford
28. Mount Baker
29. Mount Torbert
30. Pic la Selle
31. Barbeau Peak
32. San Jacinto Peak
33. San Gorgonio Mountain
34. Charleston Peak
35. Pavlof Volcano
36. Mount Veniaminof
37. Mount Adams
38. Skihist Mountain
39. Mount Hubbard
40. Mount Ratz
41. Mount Odin
42. Mount Isto
43. Mount Monashee
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45. Mount Olympus
46. Mount Columbia
47. Mount Queen Bess
48. Mount Cook
49. Mount Hood
50. Mount Sanford
51. Mount Tom White
52. Mount Cooper
53. Wheeler Peak
54. Ulysses Mountain
55. Glacier Peak
56. Mount Kimball
57. Blue Mountain Peak
58. Wedge Mountain
59. Otter Mountain
60. Mount Griggs
61. Nevado de Toluca
62. Kwatna Peak
63. Outlook Peak
64. Mount Foraker
65. Golden Hinde
66. White Mountain Peak
67. Mount Crillon
68. Stauning Alper
69. Cerro Teotepec
70. Scud Peak
71. Keele Peak
72. Cloud Peak
73. Gannett Peak
74. Razorback Mountain
75. Mount Vsevidof
76. Mount Odin
77. Cerro el Nacimiento
78. Mount Hesperus
79. Picacho del Diablo
80. Mount Farnham
81. Palup Qaqa HP
82. Mount Bona
83. Oscar Peak
84. Pic Macaya
85. Montaña de Santa Bárbara
86. Mount Assiniboine
87. Mount Jancowski
88. Cerro Las Minas
89. Mount Drum
90. Gladsheim Peak
91. Milne Land HP
92. Mount Dawson
93. Payers Tinde
94. Beitstad Peak
95. Mount Chiginagak
96. Mount Edith Cavell
97. Alsek Peak
98. Mount Valpy
99. Perserajoq
100. Mount Cairnes

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2. Gunnbjørn Fjeld
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5. Mount Mitchell
6. Mount Washington
7. Mount Rainier
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12. Barbeau Peak
13. Mount Caubvick
14. Volcán Tajumulco
15. Melville Island HP
16. La Grande Soufrière
17. Tanaga Volcano
18. Avannaarsua HP
19. Mount Isto
20. Cerro San Rafael
21. Mathiassen Mountain
22. Mount Logan
23. Angilaaq Mountain
24. Signal Hill
25. Mount Odin
26. Cerro el Potosí
27. Mount Waddington
28. Melville Hills HP
29. Keele Peak
30. Mount Shasta
31. Perserajoq
32. Mealy Mountains HP
33. Peary Land HP
34. The Cabox
35. Volcán Everman
36. Greenland Ice Sheet HP
37. Gannett Peak
38. Mont Yapeitso
39. Mount Robson
40. Mount Osborn
41. Mount Igikpak
42. Ulysses Mountain
43. Cerro de Punta
44. Cerro Gordo
45. Pico San Juan
46. Mont Jacques-Cartier
47. Nevado de Colima
48. Sukkertoppen
49. Humphreys Peak
50. Haffner Bjerg
51. Victoria Island HP
52. Wheeler Peak
53. Revaltoppe
54. Kisimngiuqtuq Peak
55. Mount Vsevidof
56. Mont Forel
57. Beitstad Peak
58. Hahn Land HP
59. Pico La Laguna
60. Volcán Las Tres Vírgenes
61. Isla Guadalupe HP
62. Mount Veniaminof
63. Picacho del Diablo
64. Cerro el Nacimiento
65. Mount Ratz
66. Hall Island HP
67. Dillingham HP
68. Mount Paatusoq
69. Petermann Bjerg
70. Spruce Knob
71. Blue Mountain Peak
72. Kings Peak
73. Outlook Peak
74. Sierra Blanca Peak
75. Devon Ice Cap HP
76. Point 1740
77. San Gorgonio Mountain
78. Manuel Peak
79. Katahdin
80. Peak 4030
81. Howson Peak
82. Mount Baldy
83. Borah Peak
84. Sierra Fría
85. Cloud Peak
86. Cerro Mohinora
87. Fox Mountain
88. Cap Mountain
89. Sierra la Madera
90. Black Elk Peak
91. Mount Frank Rae
92. Mount Nirvana
93. Slide Mountain
94. Durham Heights
95. Mount Griggs
96. Charleston Peak
97. Pico Turquino
98. Pic Macaya
99. Junipero Serra Peak
100. Mount Baker
101. Mount Marcy
102. Mount Raoul Blanchard
103. Mount Marcus Baker
104. Mount Hayes
105. Sacajawea Peak
106. Steens Mountain
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* v
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The 32 highest major summits of México

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2. Popocatépetl
3. Iztaccíhuatl
4. Nevado de Toluca
5. Sierra Negra
6. Malinche
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8. Cofre de Perote
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13. Volcán de Colima
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19. Cerro El Jabalín
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21. Cerro Zempoaltépetl
22. Cerro El Zamorano
23. Cerro la Muralla
24. Cerro Gordo
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26. El Pinal
27. Cerro El Refugio
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Decade Volcanoes

* Avachinsky
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* Rainier
* Sakurajima
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* Ulawun
* Unzen
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State of Jalisco

Guadalajara (capital)

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Protected areas|

* Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila
* Barranca de Oblatos
* Bosque Mesófilo Nevado de Colima
* Chamela-Cuixmala
* Cuenca Alimentadora del Distrito Nacional de Riego 043 Estado de Nayarit
* La Primavera
* Laguna de Sayula
* Sierra de Manantlán
* Sierra de Quila
* Vallarta Botanical Gardens
* Volcán Nevado de Colima

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* Czech Republic

Geographic|

* Global Volcanism Program

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