Waipawa (New Zealand electorate)

Former electorate in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand

Waipawa was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand, from 1881 to 1946.

## Population centres

[edit]

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Waipawa, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.[1]

The legislation defined the area as follows:[2]

> This district is bounded towards the North by the Hawke's Bay Electoral District; towards the East by the sea; towards the South by the Waimata Stream to its source; thence by a right line to Trig. Station No. 41a; thence by a right line to Trig. Station on Whahatuaro; then by the Manawatu River to the Manawatu Gorge; thence towards the West by lines from peak to peak along the summit of the Ruahine Range to the Hawke's Bay Electoral District,

## History

[edit]

The Waipawa electorate was established for the 1881 election.[3]

William Cowper Smith was the first representative. He was re-elected in 1884.[4] From 1887 to 1890 Smith represented the Woodville electorate, which only existed for those three years.[5]

The representative for Waipawa for the period from 1887 to 1890 was Thomas Tanner; he retired at the end of the parliamentary term.[6] Tanner was succeeded by Smith in the 1890 election; Smith retired at the end of the parliamentary term.[4]

Charles Hall represented Waipawa for the Liberal Party from 1893 to 1896, when he was defeated by George Hunter.[7] Hall in turn defeated Hunter in the 1899 election and then served the electorate until 1911, when he retired.[7] The 1911 election was won by Hunter, who continued to represent the electorate until 1930.[8]

An interesting situation arose in 1928. D. B. Kent was originally announced as an independent Liberal-Labour candidate.[9] He was then approached by the United Party and became their official candidate. The local supporters of the United Party had not been consulted on this, and did not support Kent, but backed Ernest Albert Goodger instead. Goodger thus stood as an independent United candidate.[10] This split the United Party vote, but Hunter again won with an absolute majority.[11]

Hunter's death on 20 August 1930[8] caused the 1930 by-election, which was won by Albert Jull.[12] Jull was confirmed by the voters in the 1931 election, but was defeated in 1935 election by Max Christie.[13] Jull in turn defeated Christie in 1938, but he died on 24 September 1940.[13] Jull was succeeded by Cyril Harker, who won the 1940 by-election. Harker was confirmed by the voters in the 1943 election. He served until the end of the parliamentary term in 1946,[14] when the electorate was abolished.[3]

### Members of Parliament

[edit]

The electorate was represented by seven Members of Parliament:[3]

Key

Independent Liberal Conservative Reform United Labour National

Election  | Winner

|

1881 election |  | William Cowper Smith
1884 election
1887 election |  | Thomas Tanner
1890 election |  | William Cowper Smith
1893 election |  | Charles Hall
1896 election |  | George Hunter
1899 election |  | Charles Hall
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election |  | George Hunter
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1930 by-election |  | Albert Jull
1931 election
1935 election |  | Max Christie
1938 election |  | Albert Jull
1940 by-election |  | Cyril Harker
1943 election
(Electorate abolished in 1946; see Hawkes Bay)

## Election results

[edit]

### 1943 election

[edit]

1943 general election: Waipawa[15] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National | Cyril Harker | 5,546  | 60.98  | −0.34
| Labour | Archie Low  | 3,455  | 37.99  |
Informal votes  | 93  | 1.02  | +0.60
Majority  | 2,091  | 22.99  | +1.71
Turnout | 9,094  | 91.71  | +15.57
Registered electors | 9,915  |  |

### 1940 by-election

[edit]

1940 Waipawa by-election[16] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National | Cyril Harker | 4,913  | 60.64  |
| Labour | Max Christie | 3,189  | 39.36  | −7.93
Majority  | 1,724  | 21.28  |
Informal votes  | 34  | 0.42  | −0.41
Turnout | 8,136  | 76.14  | −18.77
Registered electors | 10,685  |  |
| National hold | Swing |  |

### 1938 election

[edit]

1938 general election: Waipawa[17] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National | Albert Jull | 5,070  | 51.86  | +18.95
| Labour | Max Christie | 4,624  | 47.29  | +11.37
Informal votes  | 82  | 0.83  | +0.28
Majority  | 446  | 4.56  |
Turnout | 9,776  | 94.91  | +1.54
Registered electors | 10,300  |  |

### 1935 election

[edit]

1935 general election: Waipawa[18] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Max Christie | 3,089  | 35.92  |
| United | Albert Jull | 2,830  | 32.91  | −19.71
| Independent Reform | John Ormond | 2,121  | 24.66  | −22.72
| Democrat | William Long Barker  | 559  | 6.50  |
Informal votes  | 48  | 0.55  | −1.04
Majority  | 259  | 3.01  |
Turnout | 8,599  | 93.37  |
Registered electors | 9,209  |  |

### 1931 election

[edit]

1931 general election: Waipawa[19] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| United | Albert Jull | 3,870  | 52.62  |
| Reform | John Davies Ormond Jr.[a] | 3,484  | 47.38  |
Informal votes  | 119  | 1.59  |
Majority  | 386  | 5.25  |
Turnout | 7,473  | 80.99  |
Registered electors | 9,227  |  |

### 1930 by-election

[edit]

1930 Waipawa by-election[20] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| United | Albert Jull | 3,747  | 52.06  |
| Reform | William Tucker  | 3,450  | 47.93  |
Majority  | 297  | 4.12  |
Turnout | 7,197  |  |
| United gain from Reform | Swing |  |

### 1928 election

[edit]

1928 general election: Waipawa[11] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Reform | George Hunter | 3,983  | 53.33  | −9.05
| Independent | Ernest Albert Goodger[21] | 2,123  | 28.43  |
| United | Douglas Barrington Kent  | 1,362  | 18.24  |
Informal votes  | 77  | 1.02  | −0.22
Majority  | 1,860  | 24.91  | +0.14
Turnout | 7,545  | 85.80  | −4.34
Registered electors | 8,794  |  |

### 1925 election

[edit]

1925 general election: Waipawa[22] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Reform | George Hunter | 4,486  | 62.38  | +4.31
| Liberal | William Ashton Chambers  | 2,705  | 37.62  |
Informal votes  | 90  | 1.24  | +0.06
Majority  | 1,781  | 24.77  | +8.62
Turnout | 7,281  | 90.13  | +3.77
Registered electors | 8,078  |  |

### 1922 election

[edit]

1922 general election: Waipawa[23] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Reform | George Hunter | 3,870  | 58.07  | +6.01
| Liberal | John Joshua Langridge  | 2,794  | 41.93  |
Informal votes  | 79  | 1.17  | +0.10
Majority  | 1,076  | 16.15  | +12.02
Turnout | 6,743  | 86.36  | +1.20
Registered electors | 7,808  |  |

### 1919 election

[edit]

1919 general election: Waipawa[24] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Reform | George Hunter | 3,458  | 52.06  | +0.99
| Liberal | Albert Jull | 3,184  | 47.94  | −0.99
Informal votes  | 72  | 1.07  | −0.38
Majority  | 274  | 4.13  | +1.98
Turnout | 6,714  | 85.16  | −1.12
Registered electors | 7,884  |  |

### 1914 election

[edit]

1914 general election: Waipawa[25] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Reform | George Hunter | 3,282  | 51.07  | −3.51
| Liberal | Albert Jull | 3,144  | 48.93  | +3.51
Informal votes  | 95  | 1.46  | −0.03
Majority  | 138  | 2.15  | −7.02
Turnout | 6,521  | 86.28  | +4.69
Registered electors | 7,558  |  |

### 1911 election

[edit]

1911 general election: Waipawa, first ballot[26] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Reform | George Hunter | 3,389  | 54.58  | +4.08
| Liberal | Albert Jull | 2,820  | 45.42  |
Informal votes  | 94  | 1.49  |
Majority  | 569  | 9.16  | +8.16
Turnout | 6,303  | 81.59  | +2.75
Registered electors | 7,725  |  |

### 1908 election

[edit]

1908 general election: Waipawa, first ballot[27] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Charles Hall | 2,507  | 50.50  | +11.13
| Conservative | George Hunter | 2,457  | 49.50  | −11.13
Turnout | 4,964  | 78.84  | −8.09
Majority  | 50  | 1.01  | −20.25
Registered electors | 6,296  |  |

### 1905 election

[edit]

1905 general election: Waipawa[28] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Charles Hall | 3,576  | 60.63  | −11.49
| Conservative | George Hunter | 2,322  | 39.37  |
Informal votes  | 51  | 0.86  |
Majority  | 1,254  | 21.26  | −22.98
Turnout | 5,949  | 86.94  | +18.49
Registered electors | 6,843  |  |

### 1902 election

[edit]

1902 general election: Waipawa[29] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Charles Hall | 2,556  | 72.12  | +15.34
| Independent Liberal | James Taylor  | 988  | 27.88  |
Majority  | 1,568  | 44.24  | +30.68
Turnout | 3,544  | 68.44  | −15.27
Registered electors | 5,178  |  |

### 1899 election

[edit]

1899 general election: Waipawa[30] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Charles Hall | 2,332  | 56.78  | +9.62
| Conservative | George Hunter | 1,775  | 43.22  | −9.62
Majority  | 557  | 13.56  | +7.88
Turnout | 4,107  | 83.71  | −0.88
Registered electors | 4,906  |  |

### 1896 election

[edit]

1896 general election: Waipawa[31] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | George Hunter | 1,961  | 52.84  | +11.58
| Liberal | Charles Hall | 1,750  | 47.16  | −3.58
Majority  | 211  | 5.69  | −3.79
Turnout | 3,711  | 84.59  | +3.22
Registered electors | 4,387  |  |

### 1893 election

[edit]

1893 general election: Waipawa[32][33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Charles Hall | 2,024  | 50.74  |
| Conservative | George Hunter | 1,646  | 41.26  | −4.54
| Independent | William Warrand Carlile[34] | 319  | 8.00  |
Majority  | 378  | 9.48  | −6.89
Turnout | 3,989  | 81.37  | +28.16
Registered electors | 4,902  |  |

### 1890 election

[edit]

1890 general election: Waipawa[35] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | William Cowper Smith | 1,297  | 57.77  |
| Conservative | George Hunter | 948  | 42.23  |
Majority  | 349  | 15.55  | +10.04
Turnout | 2,245  | 60.92  | −5.81
Registered electors | 3,685  |  |

### 1887 election

[edit]

1887 general election: Waipawa[36][37] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent | Thomas Tanner | 695  | 44.02  | +5.60
| Independent | John Harker  | 608  | 38.51  |
| Independent | Fred Sutton | 236  | 14.95  |
| Independent | Arthur Rowley William Lascelles  | 40  | 2.53  |
Majority  | 87  | 5.51  | −17.67
Turnout | 1,579  | 66.74  | −0.49
Registered electors | 2,366  |  |

### 1884 election

[edit]

1884 general election: Waipawa[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent | William Cowper Smith | 768  | 61.59  | +10.48
| Independent | Thomas Tanner | 479  | 38.41  |
Majority  | 289  | 23.18  | +20.97
Turnout | 1,247  | 67.22  | −4.21
Registered electors | 1,855  |  |

### 1881 election

[edit]

1881 general election: Waipawa[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent | William Cowper Smith | 579  | 51.10  |
| Independent | John Davies Ormond | 554  | 48.90  |
Majority  | 25  | 2.21  |
Turnout | 1,133  | 71.44  |
Registered electors | 1,586  |  |

## Table footnotes

[edit]

1. ^ Ormond was the son of John Davies Ormond and the father of John Ormond

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 43–48.
2. ^ "Representation Act 1881(45 VICT 1881 No 14)". New Zealand Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
3. ^ a b c Wilson 1985, p. 274.
4. ^ a b Wilson 1985, p. 235.
5. ^ Wilson 1985, pp. 235, 277.
6. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 238.
7. ^ a b Wilson 1985, pp. 202, 207.
8. ^ a b Wilson 1985, p. 207.
9. ^ "A Change in Name". Auckland Star. Vol. LIX, no. 251\. 23 October 1928. p. 5. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
10. ^ "Waipawa Seat". The Evening Post. Vol. CVI, no. 90\. 27 October 1928. p. 10. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
11. ^ a b AtoJs 1928 election 1929, p. 5.
12. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 209.
13. ^ a b Wilson 1985, pp. 189, 209.
14. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 203.
15. ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
16. ^ "Final Figures". Gisborne Herald. Vol. LXVII, no. 20413\. 25 November 1940. p. 11. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
17. ^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.1-6&rft.pub=National+Library&rft.date=1939&rft_id=https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d;=AJHR1939-I.2.3.2.36&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Waipawa+(New+Zealand+electorate)" class="Z3988">
18. ^ The General Election, 1935. National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013.1-35&rft.pub=National+Library&rft.date=1936&rft_id=https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl;=search&d;=AJHR1936-I.2.3.2.33&srpos;=167&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Waipawa+(New+Zealand+electorate)" class="Z3988">
19. ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
20. ^ "Waipawa Seat". Auckland Star. Vol. LXI, no. 243\. 14 October 1930. p. 11. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
21. ^ "Personal Items". The Evening Post. Vol. CIX, no. 72\. 26 March 1930. p. 13. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
22. ^ AtoJs 1925 election 1926, p. 3.
23. ^ Hislop 1923, p. 3.
24. ^ Hislop 1921, p. 3.
25. ^ Hislop 1915, p. 10.
26. ^ AtoJs 1911 election 1912, p. 2.
27. ^ AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 8.
28. ^ Mansfield 1906, p. 2.
29. ^ The General Election, 1902. National Library. 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
30. ^ AtoJs 1899 election 1900, p. 1.
31. ^ "The Waipawa Seat". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. XXXI, no. 10478\. 7 December 1896. p. 3. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
32. ^ AtoJs 1893 election 1894, p. 1.
33. ^ "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
34. ^ "Waipawa Electoral District". Bush Advocate. Vol. XI, no. 863\. 25 November 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
35. ^ Cooper, G. S. (1891). The General Election, 1890. National Library. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
36. ^ Cooper, G. S. (1887). The General Election, 1887. National Library. p. 2. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
37. ^ "Declaring the Poll at Waipawa". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. XXII, no. 7861\. 30 September 1887. p. 3. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
38. ^ Cooper, G. S. (1884). The General Election, 1884. National Library. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
39. ^ Cooper, G. S. (1882). Votes Recorded for Each Candidate. Government Printer. p. 2. Retrieved 24 December 2014.

## References

[edit]

* The General Election, 1893. Government Printer. 1894. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
* The General Election, 1899. Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
* The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
* The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
* Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
* Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
* Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
* Mansfield, F. W. (1906). The General Election, 1905. National Library. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
* Mansfield, F. W. (1909). The General Election, 1908. National Library. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
* Mansfield, F. W. (1912). The General Election, 1911. National Library. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
* McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
* Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

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