War Memorial Stadium (Buffalo, New York)

Former sports stadium in Buffalo, New York

War Memorial Stadium

"The Rockpile"

Main entrance (left field corner) in 2011

Buffalo

Location in the United States

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Buffalo

Location in New York

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Former names| Roesch Memorial Stadium (1937)
Grover Cleveland Stadium (1937–1938)
Civic Stadium (1938–1960)
Address| 285 Dodge Street
Location| Buffalo, New York, U.S.
Coordinates| 42°54′18″N 78°51′22″W﻿ / ﻿42.905°N 78.856°W﻿ / 42.905; -78.856
Elevation| 650 ft (200 m) AMSL
Owner| City of Buffalo
Operator| City of Buffalo
Capacity| 1,882 (since 1992)[1]
46,206 (1965–1989)
36,500 (1937–1964)

Record attendance| 50,988
Bennett vs. Kensington, October 21, 1948
Field size| Left field: 330 ft (101 m)
Left-center: 362 ft (110 m)
Center field: 420 ft (128 m)
Right-center: 333 ft (101 m)
Right field: 310 ft (94 m)
Backstop: 50 ft (15 m)
Surface| Natural grass
Construction
Broke ground| 1935
Opened| October 16, 1937;
87 years ago (October 16, 1937)
Renovated| 1960
Expanded| 1965
Closed| May 5, 1989;
36 years ago (May 5, 1989)
Demolished| 1989
Construction cost| $3 million
($65.6 million in 2024 dollars[2])
Tenants
Canisius Golden Griffins (NCAA)
1937–1949, 1978–1988
Buffalo Indians-Tigers (AFL) 1940–1941
Buffalo Bills (AAFC) 1946–1949
Buffalo Bulls (NCAA) 1946–1954
Buffalo Bills (AFL/NFL) 1960–1972
Buffalo Bisons (IL) 1961–1970
Buffalo White Eagles (ECPSL) 1962
Buffalo Blazers (NSL) 1976–1980
Buffalo Bisons (EL/AA) 1979–1987
Canisius Golden Griffins (NCAA) 1979–1989

War Memorial Stadium, colloquially known as The Rockpile, was an outdoor football, baseball and soccer stadium in Buffalo, New York. Opened in 1937 as Roesch Memorial Stadium, the venue was later known as Grover Cleveland Stadium and Civic Stadium. The stadium was home to the Canisius Golden Griffins football and baseball (NCAA), Buffalo Bulls football (NCAA), Buffalo Indians-Tigers (AFL), Buffalo Bills (AAFC), Buffalo Bills (AFL/NFL), Buffalo Bisons (IL), Buffalo White Eagles (ECPSL), Buffalo Blazers (NSL), and Buffalo Bisons (EL/AA). It also had a race track and hosted several NASCAR events. The venue was demolished in 1989 and replaced with the Johnnie B. Wiley Amateur Athletic Sports Pavilion, which retains entrances from the original stadium.

## History

[edit]

### Planning and construction

[edit]

The stadium was built on the East Side of Buffalo for $3 million as a Works Progress Administration project in 1937. It was built on a large, rectangular block that had once housed the Prospect Reservoir.[3]

### Opening and reception

[edit]

Ticket from the venue's inaugural event, October 1937

The 36,500-seat venue was primarily used for college football when it opened on October 16, 1937, with the Tulane Green Wave defeating the Colgate Raiders 7–6 in the inaugural game.[4] The name changed several times in its first two years of operation, first being named after Republican Charlie Roesch, then for Democrat Grover Cleveland, before settling on the nonpartisan Civic Stadium. The Buffalo Indians-Tigers became the venue's first professional football team in 1940.

### Alterations

[edit]

A quarter mile cinder oval race track was added to the interior perimeter of the venue in 1940 for auto racing. Both midget car racing and stock car racing were popular at the venue, attracting NASCAR events in 1956 and 1958. Due to the small size of the track, drivers were forced to leave the venue to make pit stops at nearby Masten Armory. Fans were also forbidden from sitting in the first five rows of the venue for safety reasons.[5]

Buffalo was awarded an expansion franchise by the Continental League of Major League Baseball in January 1960, and made plans to play at the venue beginning with the 1961 season. However, the league folded before the season began.[6] The Buffalo Bisons remained in the International League and began play at the newly renamed War Memorial Stadium in 1961, as their previous home of Offermann Stadium had already been slated for demolition.

The venue's race track was removed in 1960 so that the stadium could accommodate both baseball and football for the Buffalo Bisons and Buffalo Bills. The stadium's baseball diamond had an unorthodox southeast alignment (home plate to center field).[7] The east-west alignment of the football field was also unorthodox, running along the third base line.

The stadium was expanded to hold 46,306 fans in 1965.

Final Buffalo Bisons game at the venue against the Nashville Sounds, August 1987

The venue was poorly maintained, lending to its nickname of "The Rockpile". Brock Yates of Sports Illustrated jokingly wrote in 1969 that the stadium, "looks as if whatever war it was a memorial to had been fought within its confines."[8]

While the Buffalo Bills were popular and regularly filled the venue, the Buffalo Bisons struggled to attract crowds. The Bisons moved mid-season in 1970 and became the Winnipeg Whips.[9]

The stadium was deemed unsuitable for National Football League play after the AFL–NFL merger, as it sat fewer than the combined league's 50,000 seat requirement for venues and was unable to be expanded. Rich Stadium was constructed for the Bills in suburban Orchard Park, where the team moved after the 1972 season.

The venue sat vacant until 1976 when the Buffalo Blazers of the National Soccer League began play.[10] A new Buffalo Bisons franchise was founded in 1979 that returned baseball to the venue. That same year, Canisius College signed a 10-year agreement to use the venue for its college events.

The Natural was filmed at the venue in 1983.[11][12]

### Closing and demolition

[edit]

Johnnie B. Wiley Amateur Athletic Sports Pavilion

The Bisons moved to newly constructed Pilot Field following the 1987 season.[13] The final event at the venue saw the Akron Zips defeat the Canisius Golden Griffins 11–2 on May 6, 1989.[14] Canisius moved its football and baseball teams to the newly built Demske Sports Complex.

War Memorial Stadium was demolished in 1989 and replaced with the Johnnie B. Wiley Amateur Athletic Sports Pavilion, a high school athletic field. Built in 1992 for $6.8 million, the complex incorporates the original entrances from War Memorial Stadium.[15] It was previously home to the Buffalo Gladiators, an amateur football team.

The original flag pole from center field at War Memorial Stadium was preserved and installed at Pilot Field (now known as Sahlen field) in July 1990, where it stands to this day.[16]

## Notable events

[edit]

Billy Shaw and the 1964 Buffalo Bills

### Football

[edit]

A preseason neutral site Canadian Football League game between the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and the Toronto Argonauts took place at the venue on August 11, 1951. Hamilton defeated Toronto by a score of 17–11.

The venue was host to the Coaches All-America Game from 1961 to 1965. Originally called the Graduation Bowl in its inaugural year, the game was an exhibition between the best college seniors in America who were turning professional.

The stadium hosted three postseason American Football League games:

* 1963 AFL Eastern Division playoff: Boston Patriots defeated the Buffalo Bills 26–8 on December 28, 1963
* 1964 AFL Championship Game: Buffalo Bills defeated the San Diego Chargers 20–7 on December 26, 1964
* 1966 AFL Championship Game: Kansas City Chiefs defeated the Buffalo Bills 31–7 on January 1, 1967

### Baseball

[edit]

The stadium hosted two Major League Baseball exhibitions:

* International League All-Stars defeated the New York Yankees 5–0 on August 19, 1963[17]
* Cleveland Indians and Toronto Blue Jays played to an 8–8 tie on April 5, 1987[18]

A touring Old-Timers' Game staged Buffalo's Grand Old Game at the venue on June 23, 1984. The American League All-Stars defeated the National League All-Stars 6–1.[19]

### NASCAR

[edit]

The stadium hosted two NASCAR events:

* NASCAR Convertible Division event on July 7, 1956, won by Joe Weatherly[20]
* NASCAR Grand National event on July 19, 1958, won by Jim Reed[20]

## In media

[edit]

The 1984 film The Natural was filmed at War Memorial Stadium, with it representing the home ballpark of the fictional New York Knights.[21]

## See also

[edit]

* Buffalo Memorial Auditorium

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Western New York Heritage Press". Archived from the original on October 25, 2006. Retrieved November 17, 2006.
2. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
3. ^ "prospect reservoir – Discovering Buffalo, One Street at a Time". Discovering Buffalo, One Street at a Time.
4. ^ "This Day in Buffalo Sports History October 16, 1937 -- Game one". The Buffalo News. October 16, 2010.
5. ^ "Lackawanna herald. (Lackawanna, N.Y.) 193?-19??, May 31, 1940, Image 1" (1940/05/31). May 31, 1940: 1 - via nyshistoricnewspapers.org. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
6. ^ Bailey, Budd (January 29, 2011). "This Day in Buffalo Sports History: The majors in Buffalo?". The Buffalo News.
7. ^ "42.906 N, 78.857 W". Historic Aerials. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
8. ^ Yates, Brock. "WARTS, LOVE AND DREAMS IN BUFFALO". Sports Illustrated Vault | SI.com.
9. ^ "1970 Buffalo Bisons/Winnipeg Whips Roster". statscrew.com.
10. ^ Boeck, Greg (March 10, 1977). "Sports Roundup". Democrat and Chronicle. p. 42.
11. ^ "Redford movie being filmed in Buffalo". Evening News. Newburgh, New York. Associated Press. June 16, 1983. p. 8B.
12. ^ Mulcahy, Susan (July 20, 1983). "Buffalo wins out for Redford flick". St. Petersburg Independent. Florida. p. 18B.
13. ^ "Bisons' Rockpile finale was 25 years ago today - Inside Pitch - The Buffalo News". Archived from the original on September 4, 2012.
14. ^ "ECC'S RUSSO NETS TRIPLE". The Buffalo News. May 6, 1989.
15. ^ "BUFFALO'S FIELD OF DREAMS COLLINS' PERSISTENCE HELPED NEW COMPLEX HAPPEN". The Buffalo News. December 5, 1992.
16. ^ "War Memorial Stadium Memorial at Coca-Cola Field -- Buffalo, NY, August 23, 2014". August 23, 2014 - via Flickr.
17. ^ Bailey, Budd (August 19, 2010). "This Day in Buffalo Sports History, Aug. 19, 1963: Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford play at War Memorial Stadium". The Buffalo News.
18. ^ Reporter, Mike Harrington News Sports (August 7, 2020). "The 1987 'Battle of the Lakes' exhibition was Buffalo's last trip to the majors". The Buffalo News.
19. ^ Harrington, Mike (June 22, 2014). "Inside Baseball: Rockpile once hosted dream game". Buffalo News. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
20. ^ a b "Race Results at Civic Stadium - Racing-Reference.info". www.racing-reference.info.
21. ^ "The Natural' Filmed at Buffalo's War Memorial Stadium". americanprofile.com. American Profile. Retrieved September 6, 2023.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to War Memorial Stadium (Buffalo, New York).

* Johnnie B. Wiley Amateur Athletic Sports Pavilion
* A Visual Tour of the Ol' Rockpile
* War Memorial Stadium on Baseball Parks of the Minor Leagues

Events and tenants

Preceded by

Canisius Stadium

|  Home of the
Canisius Golden Griffins
1937 – 1949
1978 – 1988
| Succeeded by

Demske Sports Complex

Preceded by

Inaugural

|  Home of the
Buffalo Indians-Tigers
1940 – 1941  | Succeeded by

Preceded by

Inaugural

|  Home of the
Buffalo Bills
1946 – 1949  | Succeeded by

Preceded by

Rotary Field

|  Home of the
Buffalo Bulls
1946 – 1954  | Succeeded by

Rotary Field

Preceded by

Inaugural

|  Home of the
Buffalo Bills
1960 – 1972  | Succeeded by

Rich Stadium

Preceded by

Inaugural

|  Host of the
Coaches All-America Game
1961 – 1965  | Succeeded by

Atlanta Stadium

Preceded by

Offermann Stadium

|  Home of the
Buffalo Bisons
1961 – 1970  | Succeeded by

Preceded by

Inaugural

|  Home of the
Buffalo White Eagles
1962  | Succeeded by

Preceded by

Inaugural

|  Home of the
Buffalo Blazers
1976 – 1980  | Succeeded by

Preceded by

Inaugural

|  Home of the
Buffalo Bisons
1979 – 1987  | Succeeded by

Pilot Field

Preceded by

Cazenovia Park

|  Home of the
Canisius Golden Griffins
1979 – 1989  | Succeeded by

Demske Sports Complex

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

American Football League (1940–1941)

Seasons|

* 1940
* 1941

Teams|

* Boston Bears
* Buffalo Indians/Tigers
* Cincinnati Bengals
* Columbus Bullies
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Stadia|

* Civic Stadium
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Former stadiums of the National Football League

Early era:
1920–1940|

* League Park (Akron) (Akron Pros)
* Armory Park (Toledo Maroons)
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* Bison Stadium (Buffalo Bison/Rangers)
* Borchert Field (Milwaukee Badgers, Green Bay Packers)
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* Buffalo Baseball Park (Buffalo All-Americans)
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* Frankford Stadium (Frankford Yellow Jackets)
* Griffith Stadium (Washington)
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* Muehlebach Field (Kansas City Blues/Cowboys)
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* Neil Park (Columbus Wagner Pirates)
* Newark Schools Stadium (Newark Tornadoes)
* Newark Velodrome (Newark Tornadoes)
* Nickerson Field (Boston Braves)
* Nicollet Park (Minneapolis Marines/Red Jackets)
* Normal Park (Chicago Cardinals)
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* Polo Grounds (New York Giants, New York Brickley Giants)
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* Thompson Stadium (Staten Islands Stapletons)
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* Wisconsin State Fair Park (Green Bay Packers)
* Yankee Stadium I (New York Yankees, New York Giants)

Post-war and
pre-merger era:
1941–1969|

* Alumni Stadium (Boston Patriots)
* Astrodome (Houston Oilers)
* Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium (Atlanta Falcons)
* Balboa Stadium (San Diego Chargers)
* Baltimore Memorial Stadium (Baltimore Colts)
* Bears Stadium/Mile High Stadium (Denver Broncos)
* Briggs Stadium/Tiger Stadium (Detroit Lions)
* Busch Stadium (St. Louis Cardinals)
* Busch Memorial Stadium (St. Louis Cardinals)
* Cleveland Stadium (Cleveland Browns)
* Comiskey Park (Chicago Cardinals, Card-Pitt)
* Shibe Park/Connie Mack Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles, Phil-Pitt Steagles)
* Cotton Bowl (Dallas Texans, Dallas Cowboys)
* District of Columbia Stadium/Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (Washington Redskins)
* Dyche Stadium (Chicago Bears)
* Ebbets Field (Brooklyn Dodgers/Tigers)
* Fenway Park (Boston Yanks, Boston Patriots)
* Forbes Field (Pittsburgh Steelers, Phil-Pitt Steagles, Card-Pitt)
* Frank Youell Field (Oakland Raiders)
* Franklin Field (Philadelphia Eagles)
* Griffith Stadium (Washington Redskins)
* Harvard Stadium (Boston Patriots)
* Jeppesen Stadium (Houston Oilers)
* Kansas City Municipal Stadium (Kansas City Chiefs)
* Kezar Stadium (San Francisco 49ers, Oakland Raiders)
* League Park (Cleveland Rams)
* Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers)
* Metropolitan Stadium (Minnesota Vikings)
* Miami Orange Bowl (Miami Dolphins)
* Milwaukee County Stadium (Green Bay Packers)
* Nickerson Field (Boston Patriots)
* Nippert Stadium (Cincinnati Bengals)
* Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum (Oakland Raiders)
* Philadelphia Municipal Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles)
* Pitt Stadium (Pittsburgh Steelers)
* Polo Grounds (New York Giants, New York Bulldogs, New York Titans/Jets)
* Rice Stadium (Houston Oilers)
* Riverfront Stadium (Cincinnati Bengals)
* San Diego Stadium (San Diego Chargers)
* Shea Stadium (New York Jets)
* Tulane Stadium (New Orleans Saints)
* War Memorial Stadium (Buffalo Bills)
* Wisconsin State Fair Park (Green Bay Packers)
* Wrigley Field (Chicago Bears, Chicago Cardinals)
* Yankee Stadium I (New York Yanks, New York Giants)

Current era:
1970–present|

* Anaheim Stadium (Los Angeles Rams)
* Astrodome (Houston Oilers)
* Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium (Atlanta Falcons)
* Baltimore Memorial Stadium (Baltimore Colts, Baltimore Ravens)
* Busch Memorial Stadium (St. Louis Cardinals, St. Louis Rams)
* Candlestick Park (San Francisco 49ers)
* Cleveland Stadium (Cleveland Browns)
* Cotton Bowl (Dallas Cowboys)
* The Dome at America's Center (St. Louis Rams)
* Foxboro Stadium (New England Patriots)
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* Giants Stadium (New York Giants, New York Jets)
* Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (Minnesota Vikings)
* Kansas City Municipal Stadium (Kansas City Chiefs)
* Kingdome (Seattle Seahawks)
* Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Raiders)
* Metropolitan Stadium (Minnesota Vikings)
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* Mile High Stadium (Denver Broncos)
* Milwaukee County Stadium (Green Bay Packers)
* Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum (Oakland Raiders)
* RCA Dome (Indianapolis Colts)
* Riverfront Stadium (Cincinnati Bengals)
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* San Diego Stadium (San Diego Chargers)
* Shea Stadium (New York Jets, New York Giants)
* Silverdome (Detroit Lions)
* Sun Devil Stadium (Arizona Cardinals)
* Tampa Stadium (Tampa Bay Buccaneers)
* Texas Stadium (Dallas Cowboys)
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* Tiger Stadium (Detroit Lions)
* Tulane Stadium (New Orleans Saints)
* Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles)
* War Memorial Stadium (Buffalo Bills)
* Yankee Stadium I (New York Giants)

Stadiums
used by
NFL teams
temporarily|

* Alamodome (New Orleans Saints)1
* Chicago Stadium (Chicago Bears)
* Champaign Memorial Stadium (Chicago Bears)†
* Clemson Memorial Stadium (Carolina Panthers)†
* Dignity Health Sports Park (Los Angeles Chargers)†
* Frankford High School's Community Memorial Stadium (Frankford Yellow Jackets)1
* Giants Stadium (New Orleans Saints)1
* Grant Field (Atlanta Falcons)
* Husky Stadium (Seattle Seahawks)1†
* Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium (Tennessee Oilers)†
* LSU Tiger Stadium (New Orleans Saints)1
* Marquette Stadium (Green Bay Packers)
* Philadelphia Municipal Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles)1
* Shibe Park/Connie Mack Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles)1
* Stanford Stadium (San Francisco 49ers)1
* Huntington Bank Stadium (Minnesota Vikings)1†
* University of Minnesota Memorial Stadium (Minnesota Vikings)1
* Vanderbilt Stadium (Tennessee Titans)†
* Yale Bowl (New York Giants)†

* Architecture portal Sports portal

†= Team's stadium under construction or refurbishment at time
1 = A team used the stadium when their permanent stadium was unable to be used as a result of damage.

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Buffalo Bills

* Founded in 1960
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Franchise|

* Franchise
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Stadiums|

* War Memorial Stadium
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* New Highmark Stadium (set to open in 2026)

Culture|

* Ralph Wilson
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Lore|

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Rivalries|

* Kansas City Chiefs
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Division championships (15)|

* 1964
* 1965
* 1966
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Conference championships (4)|

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League championships (2)|

* 1964
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Wall of Fame|

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Owners|

* Ralph Wilson
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* Terry
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Current league affiliations|

* League: National Football League (1970–present)
* Conference: American Football Conference
* Division: East Division

Former league affiliation|

* League: American Football League (1960–1969)

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
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Buffalo Bisons

* Established in 1979
* Based in Buffalo, New York

Franchise|

* History
* Seasons
* Roster
* Players
* Managers
* Broadcasters
* Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame

Ballparks|

* War Memorial Stadium
* Sahlen Field
* Trenton Thunder Ballpark

Culture|

* Mascots
* Music
* The First Pitch

Lore|

* 1993 Major League Baseball expansion
* 1998 Major League Baseball expansion

Rivalries|

* Thruway Cup

Retired numbers|

* 6
* 25
* 30
* 42

Key personnel|

* Owner: Robert E. Rich Jr.
* President: Mike Buczkowski
* General Manager: Anthony Sprague
* Manager: Casey Candaele

League titles (3)|

* 1997
* 1998
* 2004

Division titles (10)|

* 1991
* 1992
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 2000
* 2001
* 2004
* 2005
* 2021

Wild card berths (1)|

* 2002

* v
* t
* e

Canisius Golden Griffins football

Venues|

* War Memorial Stadium
* Demske Field (1989–2002)

Bowls & rivalries|

* Bowl games

Culture & lore|

* Petey
* "Canisius, Blue and Gold"

People|

* Head coaches

Seasons|

* 1918
* 1919
* 1920
* 1921
* 1922
* 1923
* 1924
* 1925
* 1926
* 1927
* 1928
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* 1933
* 1934
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* 1993
* 1994
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* 1997
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* 2000
* 2001
* 2002

* v
* t
* e

NASCAR Cup Series race venues

Current (2025)|

| Short track|

* Bowman Gray (NC)
* Martinsville
* Bristol
* North Wilkesboro (NC)
* Iowa
* Richmond

|

Mile oval|

* Phoenix
* Dover
* New Hampshire

Intermediate|

* Atlanta
* Las Vegas
* Homestead
* Darlington
* Texas
* Kansas
* Charlotte (Oval)
* Nashville
* Gateway

Superspeedway|

* Daytona (Oval)
* Talladega
* Michigan
* Pocono
* Indianapolis (Oval)

Road courses|

* Austin
* Mexico City
* Sonoma
* Watkins Glen
* Charlotte (Roval)

Street circuit|

* Chicago

Future (2026)|

| Street circuit|

* San Diego

|

Former|

| Short track|

* Air Base
* Airborne
* Albany-Saratoga
* Altamont-Schenectady
* Ascot Park
* Asheville-Weaverville
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* Tri-City
* Tucson
* Valdosta 75
* Vernon
* Wall Stadium
* West Virginia
* Williams Grove
* Willow Springs (Oval)
* Wilson

|

Mile oval|

* Arizona State
* Bainbridge Fairgrounds
* Bay Meadows
* California State
* Lakewood
* Langhorne
* Las Vegas Park
* Michigan State
* Raleigh
* Rockingham
* Syracuse

Intermediate|

* Chicagoland
* Kentucky
* Marchbanks
* Memphis-Arkansas
* Trenton

Superspeedway|

* Auto Club
* Ontario
* Texas World

Road courses|

* Augusta (Road Course)
* Bridgehampton
* Daytona (Road Course)
* Indianapolis (Road Course)
* Riverside
* Road America
* Willow Springs (Road Course)

Street circuit|

* Bremerton
* Daytona Beach
* Linden
* Montgomery Air Base
* Titusville

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*[e]: Edit this template
*[(NC)]: Non-championship