Wars of Kappel

Series of armed conflicts

Part of a series on the

Reformation

Ninety-five Theses, written by Martin Luther in 1517

Precursors

* Peter Waldo and Waldensians
* John Wycliffe and Lollardy
* Jan Hus and Hussites
* Girolamo Savonarola and Piagnoni
* Arnold of Brescia and Arnoldists
* Peter of Bruys and Petrobrusians
* Henry of Lausanne and Henricians
* Berengar of Tours and Berengarians
* Friends of God
* Pataria
* Gottschalk of Orbais
* Ratramnus
* Claudius of Turin
* Wessel Gansfort
* Johann Ruchrat von Wesel
* Johannes von Goch
* Gundolfo

Beginning

* Ninety-five Theses
* Diet of Worms
* Luther Bible
* Magisterials
* Radicals

Contributing factors

* Western Schism
* Avignon Papacy
* Bohemian Reformation
* Northern Renaissance
* Christian humanism
* German mysticism
* Johannes Gutenberg and his printing press
* Erasmus
* Johann Reuchlin

Theologies of seminal figures

* Theology of Martin Luther
* Theology of Huldrych Zwingli
* Theology of John Calvin

Protestant Reformers

* Martin Luther
* Philip Melanchthon
* Huldrych Zwingli
* John Calvin
* Martin Bucer
* William Tyndale
* Andreas Karlstadt
* Theodore Beza
* George Buchanan
* Heinrich Bullinger
* Peter Martyr Vermigli
* William Farel
* François Hotman
* John Knox
* Hubert Languet
* Thomas Müntzer
* Balthasar Hubmaier
* Menno Simons
* Thomas Cranmer
* Richard Hooker
* Jacobus Arminius
* Thomas Helwys
* Roger Williams
* Henry Denne
* Many others

By location

* Germany
* Switzerland (Geneva/Zürich)
* England
* Scotland
* Netherlands
* Czech Lands
* Hungary
* Romania
* Slovenia
* Denmark–Norway and Holstein
* Sweden and Finland
* Iceland
* Estonia and Latvia
* Austria
* France
* Italy
* Poland-Lithuania
* Ireland

Major political leaders

* Henry VIII
* Elizabeth I
* Oliver Cromwell
* James VI and I
* William the Silent
* Gaspard II de Coligny
* Henry IV of France
* Jeanne d'Albret
* Stephen Bocskai
* Gabriel Bethlen
* Gustav II Adolf
* Frederick V, Elector Palatine
* Philip I of Hesse

Electors of Saxony

* Frederick III
* John Frederick I

Counter-Reformation

* Catholic Church
* Council of Trent

* Counter-Reformation § Politics

* Censorship of the Bible § 16th century

* Anti-Protestantism
* Criticism

Holy Roman Emperors

* Charles V
* Ferdinand II

Political and religious conflicts

* Thirty Years' War
* French Wars of Religion
* Eighty Years' War
* War of the Three Kingdoms
* German Peasants' War
* Wars of Kappel
* Schmalkaldic War

Art and literature

Painting and sculpture

* Northern Mannerism
* Lutheran art

* German Renaissance Art
* Swedish art

* English art
* Woodcuts

* Art conflicts
* Beeldenstorm

Building

* Influence on church architecture

Literature

* Elizabethan
* Metaphysical poets
* Propaganda

* Welsh
* Scottish
* Anglo-Irish
* German

* Czech
* Swiss
* Slovak
* Sorbian
* Romanian
* Danish
* Bohorič alphabet

* Faroese
* Norwegian
* Swedish
* Finnish

* Icelandic
* Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age

* Folklore of the Low Countries

* 16th century Renaissance humanism

* 16th century in poetry
* 16th century in literature

Theater

* English Renaissance theatre
* Pastoral

* Morality
* History
* Tragedy
* Revenge

Music

Forms

* Hymnody of continental Europe

* Music of the British Isles
* Hymn tune

* Lutheran chorale
* Lutheran hymn

* Anglican church music
* Exclusive psalmody

* Scottish church music
* Normative principle

* Anglican chant
* Homophony vs. Polyphony

* Falsobordone
* Verse anthem

Liturgies

* Reformed worship
* Calvin's liturgy

* Formula missae
* Deutsche Messe

* Liturgical Struggle
* Ecclesiastical Latin

* Lutheran and Anglican Mass in music

* Cyclic mass vs. Paraphrase mass

* Roman vs. Sarum Rites

* Sequence (retained by Lutherans, mostly banned by Trent)

Hymnals

* First and Second Lutheran hymnals

* First Wittenberg hymnal
* Ausbund

* Swenske songer
* Thomissøn's hymnal

* Book of Common Prayer
* Metrical psalters

* Book of Common Order
* Souterliedekens

* Genevan Psalter
* Scottish Psalter

* Whole Book of Psalms

Conclusion and commemorations

Conclusion

* Confessionalization with subsequent Protestant orthodoxy
* Peace of Westphalia
* Simultaneous rise of Pietism and Rationalism

Monuments

* Reformation Wall
* Luther Monuments

Calendrical commemoration

* Reformation Day
* Lutheran
* Anglican

Protestantism

* v
* t
* e

The wars of Kappel (Kappelerkriege) is a collective term for two armed conflicts fought near Kappel am Albis between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the Reformation in Switzerland.

## First War

[edit]

Main article: First War of Kappel

The first conflict saw the establishment of the Christian Union (formed of cantons Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, and Zug) in order to stop the spread of Protestantism throughout Switzerland.[1] The union was a rejection of Swiss leader Ulrich Zwingli's attempts at forced reformation.[2]

### Events

[edit]

In 1529, after enlisting the help of the leaders of the forest cantons,[3] Zwingli attempted to reform the cantons by force. However, the winning diplomacy of the Union forced the Protestants to not cross the border, postponing the conflict until 1531.

## Second War

[edit]

Main article: Second War of Kappel

The canton of Zürich was the principal supporter of Zwingli and the movement of Swiss reformation. When they fought the Musso War against the Duchy of Milan, the member states of the Catholic Union refused to provide aid. Zwingli immediately sanctioned the Catholic cantons.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Kappel wars "...Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, and Zug, formed the Christian Union". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
2. ^ "WHKMLA : First War of Kappel". www.zum.de. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
3. ^ The forest cantons - or "Waldkantone" - refer to the four heavily forested and mountainous cantons at the shore of Lake Lucerne, namely Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Lucerne. Lucerne, though quite flat otherwise, has a heavily forested bight at Lake Lucerne; and Unterwalden has later split into Obwalden and Nidwalden.

Authority control databases |

* Historical Dictionary of Switzerland

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