Washington Formation

Stratigraphic range: Permian

Bituminous coal (Washington Coal, Upper Pennsylvanian; Ohio)

Type| Formation
Unit of| Dunkard Group[1]
Sub-units| Upper Washington

Jollytown coal
Hundred sandstone
Upper Marietta
Washington “A” coal
Middle Washington
Lower Washington
Lower Marietta
Washington (No. 12) coal
Little Washington coal
Mannington sandstone
Waynesburg “A” coal
Waynesburg Sandstone
Elm Grove limestone

Cassville

Underlies| Greene Formation
Overlies| Waynesburg Formation
Lithology
Primary| limestone, sandstone, coal
Other| shale
Location
Region|  Ohio and  West Virginia
Country| United States

The Washington Formation is a coal, sandstone, and limestone geologic formation located in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.[1] It dates back to the Lower Permian period, with its base at or near the Permian/Carboniferous boundary.[2] [3] The Washington formation and the Dunkard Group as a whole was deposited at a time when the continents were in the process of forming the "Super Continent" Pangaea as well as a gradual drop in sea levels.[4] The result during this period was coals being thinner and impure with high ash content. The limestones found with in the formation are exclusively freshwater deposits.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Berryhill, Henry L. Jr.; Swanson, Vernon E. (1962). "Geological Survey research 1962; Short papers in geology and hydrology" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 450-C: 43–46. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
2. ^ Wayne Martin, Bernard Henniger (1965). "The Hockingport and Waynesburg Sandstones (Pennsylvanian and Permian) of the Dunkard Group: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 49. doi:10.1306/a66335b4-16c0-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
3. ^ M. A. Rendina, Wayne D. Martin (1985). "Provenance of Selected Sandstones and Mud Rocks of Dunkard Group (Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian) in Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 69. doi:10.1306/94885417-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
4. ^ Haq, Bilal U.; Schutter, Stephen R. (2008-10-03). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. ISSN 0036-8075.

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Chronostratigraphy of Ohio

Ph|

| Pz|

| P|

| Cisuralian|

Dunkard Group
Greene Formation
Washington Formation

|

| ⁋|

| Gzhelian|

Dunkard Group
Waynesburg Formation

Monongahela Group
Uniontown Formation
Pittsburgh Formation

|

Kasimovian|

Conemaugh Group
Casselman Formation
Glenshaw Formation

Moscovian|

Allegheny Group
Pottsville Group

| Viséan|

* Maxville Limestone

|

Tournaisian|

* Cuyahoga Formation
* Logan Formation
* Sunbury Shale

* Coldwater Shale
* Rushville Shale

| Upper|

| Famennian|

* Bedford Shale
* Berea Sandstone
* Cussewago Sandstone

Ohio Shale

* Cleveland Shale
* Chagrin Shale
* Huron Shale)

|

Frasnian|

* Burket Shale
* Olentangy Shale (upper)

* Antrim Shale
* Java Formation

West Falls Group
Angola Shale
Rhinestreet Shale

Middle|

| Givetian|

* Tully Formation
* Mahantango Formation
* Olentangy Shale (lower)
* Plum Brook Shale
* Prout Limestone
* Silica Formation

|

Eifelian|

* Amherstburg Dolomite
* Columbus Limestone
* Delaware Limestone
* Detroit River Group
* Hillsboro Sandstone
* Marcellus Shale

* Dundee Formation
* Lucas Dolomite
* Onondaga Limestone
* Tenmile Creek Dolomite

Lower|

| Emsian|

* Amherstburg Dolomite
* Detroit River Group
* Hillsboro Sandstone

|

Lochkovian|

* Holland Quarry Shale

* Bass Islands Dolomite
* Bois Blanc Formation
* Helderberg Group
* Oriskany Sandstone
* Sylvania Sandstone

| Pridoli|

* Bertie Formation

|

Ludlow|

| Ludfordian|

* Salina Group

|

Gorstian|

* Salina Group
* Guelph Dolomite

* Salina Group
* Greenfield Dolomite
* Tymochtee Dolomite

Wenlock|

| Homerian|

Lockport Group
Gasport Dolomite
Guelph Dolomite
Goat Island Dolomite

|

* Bisher Formation
* Cedarville Formation
* Dayton Formation
* Estill Shale
* Euphemia Dolomite
* Laurel Limestone
* Lilley Formation
* Massie Shale
* Osgood Shale
* Peebles Dolomite
* Rochester Shale
* Springfield Dolomite

Llandovery|

* Brassfield Formation
* Cabot Head Shale
* Clinton Formation
* Drowning Creek Formation
* Manitoulin Dolomite

| Upper|

* Arnheim Formation
* Cincinnati Group
* Drakes Formation
* Fairview Formation
* Grant Lake Formation
* Kope Formation
* Liberty Formation
* Miamitown Shale
* Queenston Shale
* Saluda Formation
* Trenton Limestone
* Waynesville Formation
* Whitewater Formation

|

Middle|

* Black River Group
* Lexington Limestone
* Point Pleasant Formation
* Trenton Limestone
* Wells Creek Formation

| Furongian|

* Conasauga Formation
* Eau Claire Formation
* Kerbel Formation
* Knox Dolomite
* Rome Formation

|

* Mt. Simon Sandstone

pЄ|

| ♇|

| Z|

* Swift Run Formation

|

* Middle Run Formation

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Chronostratigraphy of Pennsylvania

Ph|

| Pz|

| P|

| Cisuralian|

Dunkard Group

Greene Formation:

*     Windy Gap Limestone
Windy Gap Coal
Gilmore Sandstone
Nineveh Sandstone
Nineveh Coal
Nineveh Limestone
Fish Creek Sandstone
Claysville Limestone
Dunkard Coal
Prosperity Limestone
Tenmile Coal
Donley Limestone
Upper Washington Coal
Rockport Member

Washington Formation:

*     Upper Washington Limestone Member
Jollytown Limestone Member
Jollytown Coal
Middle Washington Limestone Member
Washington Coal
Lower Washington Limestone Member

|

| ⁋|

| Gzhelian|

Dunkard Group

Waynesburg Formation:

*     Upper Waynesburg Member
Little Washington Coal
Waynesburg“B” coal
Middle Waynesburg Member
Waynesburg“A” coal
Lower Waynesburg Member

Monongahela Group

Uniontown Formation:

*     Waynesburg coal "No. 11 Coal"
Gilboy Sandstone Member
Little Waynesburg Coal
Waynesburg Limestone Member
Uniontown Sanstone Member
Annabelle Shale Member
Uniontown Coal "No. 10 Coal"
Uniontown Limestone Member "Great Lime"
Fulton Shale Member

Pittsburgh Formation:

*     Benwood Limestone
Upper Sewickley Coal
Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member
Sewickley Coal "Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal"
Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member
Sewickley Limestone Member
Cedarville Sanstone Member
Redstone-Pomeroy coal "No 8a. Coal"
Westone Sanstone Member
Pittsburgh coal seam "No. 8 Coal"

|

Kasimovian|

Conemaugh Group

Casselman Formation:

*     Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member
Little Pittsburgh coal seam
Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member
Connellsville Member
Morgantown Member
Birmingham Member

Glenshaw Formation

*     Ames Limestone
Pittsburgh Red Beds
Upper Bakerstown coal
Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member
Woods Run Limestone Member
Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member
Pine Creek Limestone Member
Buffalo Sandstone Member
Bush Creek Limestone Member

Mahoning Formation

*     Bush Creek Coal
Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member
Mahoning Coal "No. 7a Coal"
Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member

Moscovian|

Allegheny Group

Freeport Formation:

*     Upper Freeport Coal "No. 7 Coal"
Upper Freeport Limestone Member
Butler Sandstone Member
Lower Freeport Coal "No. 6a Coal"
Upper Freeport Limestone Member
Freeport Sandstone Member

Kittanning Formation

*     Upper Kittanning Coal
Johnstone Limestone Member
Middle Kittanning Coal "No. 6 Coal"
Lower Kittanning Coal "No. 5 Coal"
Kittanning Sandstone Member

Clarian Formation

*     Clarian Coal "No. 4a Coal"
Vanport Limestone Member
Brookville Coal "No. 4 Coal"
Brookville Member

Pottsville Group

Beaver River Formation:

*     Homewood Sandstone Member "1st Salt Sand"

Mercer Formation

*     Upper Mercer Limestone Member
Upper Mercer Coal
Lower Mercer Limestone Member
Lower Mercer Coal "No. 3 Coal"

Bashkirian|

Pottsville Group

Connoquenessing Formation:

*     Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member "2nd Salt Sand"
Quakertown Coal "No. 2 Coal"
Quakertown Fire Clay
Quakertown Shale
Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member

Sharon Formation

*     Sharon Shale Member
Sharon Coal "No. 1 Coal"
Sharon Sandstone

| Serpukhovian|

* Shenango Formation

Mauch Chunk Group

*     Bluestone Formation
Princeton Formation
Hinton Formation
Maxton Sandstone
Bluefield Formation "Little Lime"

|

Viséan|

* Greenbrier Limestone "Big Lime" Loyalhanna Formation

Tournaisian|

* Cuyahoga Formation

Pocono Group

*     Burgoon Formation "Big Injun Sandstone"
Sunbury Shale
Berea Sandstone
Bedford Shale
* Rockwell Formation

| Upper|

| Famennian|

* Brallier Formation
* Lock Haven Formation
* Riceville Formation
* Oswayo Formation
* Bedford Shale
* Cussewago Formation

Venango Group

*     Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet Richard,
Chadakoin Formation, First Warren

Bradford Group

*     Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane

Elk Group

*     1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand

Ohio Shale

*     Cleveland Shale
Chagrin Formation
Huron Shale

* Java Formation
* Rockwell Formation
* Huntley Mountain Formation
* Hampshire Formation

Catskill Group

*     Duncannon Member
Sherman Creek Member
Irish Valley Member

|

Frasnian|

Catskill Group

*     Sherman Creek Member
Irish Valley Member

* Brallier Formation
* Lock Haven Formation

West Falls Group

*     Angola Formation
Rhinestreet Shale

Sonyea Group

*     Cashaqua Shale
Middlesex Shale

Genesee Group / Harrell Shale

*     West River Shale
Penn Yan Formation
Burket Shale / Geneseo Shale

* Knapp Conglomerate
* Murrysville Sandstone

Middle|

| Givetian|

Tully Limestone

Hamilton Group

*     Moscow Formation
Ludlow Formation
Skaneateles Formation
Tichnor Formation
* Mahantango Formation

|

Eifelian|

Hamilton Group

*     Marcellus Formation

Onondaga Limestone

*     Seneca
Moorehouse
Nedrow
Edgecliff

* Huntersville Chert

*     Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member
* Needmore Shale

Lower|

| Emsian|

Huntersville Chert, Needmore Shale, Bois Blanc Formation
Oriskany Formation
Helderberg Group (geology)

|

Pragian|

Helderberg Group (geology)

Lochkovian|

Helderberg Group (geology)

*     Keyser Formation
Manlius Limestone

| Pridoli|

* Bass Islands Formation
* Akron Formation

Salina Group

*     Bertie Formation

|

Ludlow|

| Ludfordian|

Salina Group

*     Camillus Formation

|

Gorstian|

Salina Group

*     Syracuse Formation

Wenlock|

| Homerian|

Salina Group

*     Vernon Formation

Lockport Group

*     Guelph Formation
Eramosa Formation
Goat Island Formation
Gasport Formation

|

Llandovery|

Clinton Group

*     Rochester Shale
Rose Hill Formation "Red Clinton"

Medina Group

*     Tuscarora Formation

| Upper|

* Queenston Formation
* Reedsville Formation
* Utica Shale

Trenton Group

*     Coburn Formation
Salona Formation
Rodman Formation

Black River Group

*     Linden Hall Formation
Snyder Formation
Hatter Formation

Loyalsburg Formation

|

Middle|

* Wells Creek Formation

* Knox Supergroup
* Beekmantown Group:

*     Bellefonte Formation

Lower|

Knox Supergroup

Beekmantown Group

*     Axeman Formation
Nittany Formation
Stonehenge Formation

| Furongian|

* Knox Supergroup

* Gatesburgh Formation
* Warrior Formation

|

Series 2|

| Stage 4|

* Kinzers Formation

|

* Potsdam Formation
* Pleasent Hill Formation
* Waynesboro Formation
* Tomstown Formation
* Antietam Formation

pЄ|

* Grenville Complex

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Chronostratigraphy of West Virginia

Ph|

| Cz|

| Pe|

| Eocene|

Igneous intrusives

|

Mz|

| J|

Igneous intrusives

|

Pz|

| P|

| Cisuralian|

| Asselian|

* Dunkard Group

|

| ⁋|

| Gzhelian|

* Monongahela Formation

|

Kasimovian|

* Conemaugh Group

Moscovian|

* Allegheny Formation

Bashkirian|

* Pottsville Group
* Kanawha Formation
* New River Formation
* Pocahontas Formation

| Serpukhovian|

* Bluestone Formation
* Princeton Sandstone
* Hinton Formation
* Bluefield Formation

|

Viséan|

* Greenbrier Group

Tournaisian|

* Price Formation
* Cuyahoga Formation
* Maccrady Formation
* Sunbury Shale
* Berea Sandstone

| Upper|

| Famennian|

* Price Formation
* Berea Sandstone
* Bedford Shale
* Ohio Shale
* Brallier Formation

|

Frasnian|

* Brallier Formation
* Java Formation
* West Falls Formation
* Rhinestreet
* Sonyea Formation
* Harrell Shale
* Genesee Formation

Middle|

| Givetian|

* Tully Limestone
* Hamilton Group

|

Eifelian|

* Hamilton Group
* Marcellus Shale
* Onondaga Limestone
* Needmore Shale
* Huntersville Chert

Lower|

| Emsian|

* Needmore Shale
* Huntersville Chert

|

Pragian|

* Oriskany Sandstone

Lochkovian|

* Helderberg Group

| Pridoli|

* Bertie Formation
* Bass Islands Formation
* Keyser Formation

|

Ludlow|

| Ludfordian|

* Salina Group
* Tonoloway Formation

|

Gorstian|

* Salina Group

Wenlock|

| Homerian|

* Salina Group
* Wills Creek Formation
* Williamsport Formation
* McKenzie Formation

|

Sheinwoodian|

* Lockport Dolomite
* McKenzie Formation

Llandovery|

| Telychian|

* Lockport Dolomite
* McKenzie Formation
* Keefer Formation
* Rose Hill Formation
* Rochester Shale

|

Aeronian|

* Tuscarora Sandstone
* Clinton Sandstone

| Upper|

| Hirnantian|

* Cincinnati Group
* Juniata Formation

|

Katian|

* Cincinnati Group
* Juniata Formation
* Reedsville Formation
* Utica Shale

Sandbian|

* Lexington Limestone
* Trenton Limestone

* Dolly Ridge Formation
* Martinsburg Formation
* Nealmont Limestone
* Oswego Formation

Middle|

| Darriwilian|

* Trenton Limestone
* Black River Group

|

Dapingian|

* St. Paul Group

* St. Peter Sandstone

Lower|

| Tremadocian|

* Wells Creek Formation

Knox Group

* Beekmantown Dolomite
* Rose Run Sandstone

|

| Furongian|

| Stage 10|

Knox Group

* Copper Ridge Dolomite

|

Chilhowee Group
Antietam Formation
Harpers Formation
Weverton Formation
Loudoun Formation

* Conasauga Group
* Conococheague Formation
* Elbrook Formation
* Rome Group
* Tomstown Dolomite
* Waynesboro Formation

pЄ|

| ♇|

| Z|

| Ediacaran|

* Catoctin Formation

|

* Swift Run Formation
* Grenville Complex

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