Welsh Romani language

Variety of the Romani language

"Welsh Romani" redirects here. For the Roma of Wales, see Kale (Welsh Roma).

Welsh Romani

Romnimus
Native to| Wales (United Kingdom)

Language family

Indo-European

* Indo-Iranian
* Indo-Aryan
* Romani
* Welsh Romani

Language codes
ISO 639-3| `rmw`
Glottolog| `wels1246`

The Welsh Romani language is a variety of the Romani language spoken by the Kale subgroup of the Romani people, who have been present in Wales since the 16th century. Welsh Romani is one of the many Northern Romani dialects.[1]

The majority of the vocabulary is of Romani origin but there are a number of loanwords from other languages. Welsh loanwords include melanō ("yellow", from melyn), grīga ("heather", from grug) and kraŋka ("crab", from cranc). There are also English loanwords such as vlija ("village"), spīdra ("spider") and bråmla ("bramble").[2]

Historically the variants of Welsh Romani and Angloromani (spoken by the Romanichal) constituted the same variant of Romani, known as British Romani.[3] Welsh Romani is closely related to Angloromani, Scandoromani (spoken by Romanisæl in Sweden and Norway), Scottish Cant (spoken by Scottish Lowland Romani in Lowland Scotland) and Kalo (Spoken by Kaale in Finland and Sweden). Kale, Romanichal, Romanisæl, Kaale and Scottish Lowland Romani are closely related Romani subgroups which stem from the wave of Romani immigrants who arrived in Northern Europe in the 16th century.[4]

## Phonology

[edit]

| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-
alveolar | Palatal | Dorsal | Glottal

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Nasal |  | m |  |  | n |  |  |  | ŋ |
Stop | p
pʰ | b |  | t
tʰ | d | tʃ | dʒ |  | k
kʰ | ɡ |
Fricative | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ |  | x | ɣ | h |
Trill |  |  | r̥ | r |  |  |  |
Approximant |  |  |  |  |  |  | j | ʍ | w |
Lateral |  |  | ɬ | l |  |  |  |
| Front | Central | Back

|
|
|

Close | i |  | u
Mid | e | ə | o
Open |  | a |

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Norbert Boretzky: Kommentierter Dialektatlas des Romani. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2004 p. 18
2. ^ John Sampson (1926) The dialect of the Gypsies of Wales, being the older form of British Romani preserved in the speech of the clan of Abram Wood, Oxford University Press, London.
3. ^ Sampson. J. (1926) The Dialect of the Gypsies of Wales. Oxford. Clarendon Press.
4. ^ Bakker (1997) Review of McGowan, The Winchester Confessions. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society. Fifth series, 7. (1): 49–50.

## External links

[edit]

* Welsh romani within Britain
* Welsh Romani word list
* Romani Cymru
* John Roberts Heritage Fund

* v
* t
* e

Romani language(s)

Romani varieties|

| Balkan Romani|

* Rumelian Romani
* Sepečides Romani
* Zargari Romani

|

Northern Romani|

* Finnish Kalo
* Sinte Romani
* Welsh Romani

Vlax Romani|

* Kalderash Romani

Other|

* Baltic Romani
* Carpathian Romani

Proto-languages|

* Early Romani

Mixed varieties|

* Angloromani
* Bohemian Romani
* Caló
* Erromintxela
* Laiuse Romani
* Romano-Greek
* Romano-Serbian
* Scandoromani
* Scottish Cant

Writing|

* Alphabets
* Bible translations

Organizations|

* Institute for the Languages of Finland

Media|

* Khrlo e Romengo
* RTK 2
* Sutka City TV

Related|

* Standardization
* World Day of Romani Language

Italics indicate extinct languages

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* t
* e

Languages of Wales

Welsh language|

* Dyfedeg (south-western dialect)
* Gwenhwyseg (south-eastern dialect)
* Powyseg (mid-Wales dialect)
* Gwyndodeg (north Wales dialect)

* Cofi dialect

English language in Wales|

* Survey of Anglo-Welsh Dialects
* Abercraf English
* Cardiff English
* Gower dialect
* Port Talbot English

Other languages|

* Welsh Romani (extinct)
* British Sign Language
* Welsh Braille

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