West Midlands (county)

County of England

Not to be confused with West Midlands (region) or West Midlands conurbation.

Metropolitan and ceremonial county in England

West Midlands

Metropolitan and ceremonial county

Birmingham skyline, the Self Sacrifice (Lady Godiva) statue in Coventry, and Dudley Castle

West Midlands within England

Sovereign state| United Kingdom
Constituent country| England
Region| West Midlands
Established| 1 April 1974
Established by| Local Government Act 1972
Time zone| UTC+0 (GMT)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+1 (BST)
UK Parliament| 28 MPs
Police| West Midlands Police
Ceremonial county
Lord Lieutenant| Dr Derrick Anderson, CBE
High Sheriff| Wade Lyn, CBE[1] (2020–21)
Area

[2]

| 902 km2 (348 sq mi)
• Rank| 42nd of 48
Population

(2022)[2]

| 2,953,816
• Rank| 2nd of 48
• Density| 3,276/km2 (8,480/sq mi)
Ethnicity

* 61.4% White
* 22.9% Asian
* 8.1% Black
* 4.2% Mixed
* 3.5% Other

[3]
Metropolitan county
Government| West Midlands Combined Authority
Mayor| Richard Parker (L)
Admin HQ| Birmingham
GSS code|

* E11000005 (county)
* E47000007 (city region)

ITL| TLG3
Website| wmca.org.uk
Districts

Districts of West Midlands
Metropolitan districts
Districts|

1. Wolverhampton
2. Dudley
3. Walsall
4. Sandwell
5. Birmingham
6. Solihull
7. Coventry

West Midlands is a metropolitan and ceremonial county in the larger West Midlands region of England. A landlocked county, it is bordered by Staffordshire to the north and west, Worcestershire to the south, and is almost surrounded by Warwickshire to the east. The largest settlement is the city of Birmingham.

The county is almost entirely urban, with an area of 902 km2 (348 sq mi) and a population of 2,953,816, making it the second most populous county in England after Greater London. After Birmingham (1,144,919) the largest settlements are the cities of Coventry (345,324) and Wolverhampton (263,700), Solihull (126,577), and Sutton Coldfield (109,899). Nearly all of the county's settlements belong to the West Midlands and Coventry built-up areas, though the 'Meriden Gap' between them is rural. For local government purposes West Midlands comprises seven metropolitan boroughs: Birmingham, Coventry, Dudley, Sandwell, Solihull, Walsall, and Wolverhampton. They collaborate through the West Midlands Combined Authority. The county was historically part of Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire.

The west of the county encloses the valley of the River Tame and its tributaries; the highest point of the surrounding area is Turners Hill, at 271 metres (889 ft). West Midlands contains the Sutton Park Site of Special Scientific Interest, which has an area of 970 hectares (2,400 acres) and is one of the largest urban parks in Europe. The area between Solihull and Coventry is part of the Forest of Arden, and the rivers Sowe and Sherbourne flow through Coventry.

## Status

[edit]

The metropolitan county exists in law, as a geographical frame of reference,[4][5][6] and as a ceremonial county. As such it has a Lord Lieutenant[7] and a High Sheriff.[8] Between 1974 and 1986, the West Midlands County Council was the administrative body covering the county; this was abolished on 31 March 1986, and the constituent metropolitan boroughs effectively became unitary authorities. A new administrative body for the county (and some of the district surrounding it as Non-Constituent members), the West Midlands Combined Authority, was created in June 2016. Since May 2017, the authority has been headed by a directly elected Mayor of the West Midlands, a position currently held by Richard Parker of the Labour and Co-operative Parties. Other county-wide bodies include the West Midlands Police, the West Midlands Fire Service and Transport for West Midlands.

The county is sometimes described as the "West Midlands metropolitan area" or the "West Midlands conurbation" or "Greater Birmingham", although these have different, less clearly defined, boundaries. The main conurbation or urban area does not include Coventry, for example. The name "West Midlands" is also used for the much larger West Midlands region, which sometimes causes confusion. Geographically the county is on the eastern side of the region, the western side comprising Shropshire and Herefordshire and the southern side comprising Worcestershire and Warwickshire.

## History

[edit]

Main article: History of the West Midlands

See also: History of Birmingham and History of Coventry

Although the modern county has only existed since 1974, the settlements of the West Midlands have long been important centres of commerce and industry as well as developing a good local infrastructure. Coventry was one of England's most important cities during the Middle Ages, with its prosperity built upon wool and cloth manufacture. Birmingham and Wolverhampton have a tradition of industry dating back to the 16th century, when small metal-working industries developed. Birmingham was known for its manufacture of small arms, whereas Wolverhampton became a centre of lock manufacture and brass working. The coal and iron ore deposits of the Black Country area provided a ready source of raw materials. The area grew rapidly during the Industrial Revolution, and by the 20th century had grown into one large conurbation. Coventry was slower to develop, but by the early 20th century it had become an important centre of bicycle and car manufacture.

1966 saw a substantial reform in the local government of the area as the patchwork of county boroughs with municipal boroughs and urban district councils in between was replaced by a core of county boroughs covering a contiguous area, roughly as follows:

* Birmingham, which remained substantially unaltered
* Dudley, which absorbed all Brierley Hill, most of Coseley and Sedgley, and part of Amblecote, Tipton and Rowley Regis
* Solihull, which remained substantially unaltered
* Walsall, which absorbed all Darlaston, most of Willenhall, and parts of Wednesbury, Coseley, Wednesfield and Bilston
* Warley, which was created by amalgamating most of Smethwick, Oldbury and Rowley Regis, and parts of Dudley, Tipton, West Bromwich and Halesowen
* West Bromwich, which absorbed most of Wednesbury and Tipton, and parts of Bilston, Oldbury, Smethwick and Walsall
* Wolverhampton, which absorbed most of Bilston, Wednesfield and Tettenhall, and parts of Sedgley, Coseley and Willenhall

Near the area, three other towns remained separate (Halesowen, Stourbridge and Sutton Coldfield), while Aldridge and Brownhills joined to form a single unit, called Aldridge-Brownhills. In the same year, a single West Midlands Constabulary was formed for the Black Country county boroughs, whilst Birmingham retained its Birmingham City Police and Solihull continued being policed by the Warwickshire Constabulary. The West Midlands Passenger Transport Authority was established in 1968.

### County creation

[edit]

In 1974, the Local Government Act 1972 came into effect, creating the metropolitan county of West Midlands. This area was based on the seven county boroughs and the other non-county boroughs and urban districts around the fringe of the conurbation.

The new area consisted of seven new metropolitan boroughs, with Aldridge-Brownhills added to Walsall; Halesowen and Stourbridge to Dudley and Sutton Coldfield to Birmingham. A new borough of Sandwell was formed by the merger of West Bromwich and Warley. The actual designation of Warley itself was abolished and the three towns of Smethwick, Oldbury and Rowley Regis reinstated as component parts of Sandwell, although these areas formed the Warley postal district. Solihull took in much of the suburban fringe to the east of Birmingham, including the former villages of Chelmsley Wood and Castle Bromwich, also Birmingham Airport, and the area of countryside between Solihull and Coventry, whilst Coventry itself received only small changes and Wolverhampton was unaltered. This led to (apart from in the east, with Coventry and the Meriden Gap) quite a tightly defined metropolitan border, excluding such places as Burntwood, Bromsgrove, Cannock, Kidderminster, Lichfield and Wombourne which had been considered for inclusion in the West Midlands metropolitan area by the Redcliffe-Maud Report.

The 1974 reform created the West Midlands County Council that covered the entire area and dealt with strategic issues. A new West Midlands Police service was formed covering the entire area, with the West Midlands Constabulary and Birmingham City Police abolished, and also taking over responsibility from the county forces.

West Midlands was also established as a new ceremonial county, with the offices of Lord Lieutenant and High Sheriff created. Its constituent components had previously been, for ceremonial purposes, under the equivalent offices of Warwickshire (Birmingham CB, Coventry CB, Solihull CB, Sutton Coldfield MB and Meriden RD), Staffordshire (Wolverhampton CB, Walsall CB, West Bromwich CB, Dudley CB and Aldridge-Brownhills UD) and Worcestershire (Warley CB, Stourbridge MB and Halesowen MB).

post-1974 | pre-1974

|

Metropolitan county  | Metropolitan borough  | County boroughs | Non-county boroughs | Urban districts | Rural districts

West Midlands is an amalgamation of 14 former local government districts, including eight county boroughs.

| Birmingham | Birmingham  | Sutton Coldfield | –  | –
Coventry | Coventry | –  | –  | Meriden (part)[9]
Dudley | Dudley |

* Halesowen
* Stourbridge

| –  | –
Sandwell |

* Warley
* West Bromwich

| –  | –  | –
Solihull | Solihull | –  | –  |

* Meriden (part)[9]
* Stratford-on-Avon (part)[9]

Walsall | Walsall | –  | Aldridge-Brownhills |
Wolverhampton | Wolverhampton  | –  | –  | –

### West Midlands County Council

[edit]

The arms of the West Midlands County Council, depicted here, became redundant with the abolition of the council in 1986 (though similar arms are used by the West Midlands Fire Service).

Between 1974 and 1986, the county had a two-tier system of local government, and the seven districts shared power with the West Midlands County Council. However, the Local Government Act 1985 abolished the metropolitan county councils, and the West Midlands County Council ceased to exist in 1986. Most of its functions were devolved to the West Midland boroughs, which effectively became unitary authorities, with responsibility for most local authority functions.

Following the abolition of the county council, some county-wide bodies continued to exist, which were administered by various joint-boards of the seven districts, among these were the West Midlands Police, the West Midlands Fire Service and the West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive.

### Boundary changes

[edit]

In 1994, the western/southern shores of Chasewater, plus the adjacent Jeffreys Swag, were transferred from the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall to the District of Lichfield, Staffordshire.[10] Further boundary changes came into effect in 1995, when part of the Hereford and Worcester parish of Frankley (including the south-west part of Bartley Reservoir) was transferred to Birmingham and became part of the county.

### West Midlands Combined Authority

[edit]

On 17 June 2016, a new administrative body, the West Midlands Combined Authority was created for the county, under the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009, which created several other combined authorities in England. The new body has powers over transport, economic development, skills and planning. A new directly elected position of Mayor of the West Midlands was created in 2017 to chair the new body.[11] The first Mayoral election was held in May 2017, and the position was won by Andy Street of the Conservative Party.

## Geography

[edit]

See also: List of places in West Midlands (county), List of settlements in West Midlands (county) by population, List of areas in Birmingham, List of areas in Dudley, List of areas in Sandwell, List of areas in Walsall, List of areas in Wolverhampton, and West Midlands Green Belt

Map of West Midlands, showing urban areas in grey and metropolitan district boundaries Population density map

The West Midlands is a landlocked county that borders the counties of Warwickshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south, and Staffordshire to the north and west.

The West Midlands County is one of the most heavily urbanised counties in the UK. Birmingham, Wolverhampton, the Black Country and Solihull together form the third most populous conurbation in the United Kingdom with a combined population of around 2.44 million.[12] However, the West Midlands is not entirely urban; Coventry is separated from the West Midlands conurbation by a stretch of green belt land approximately 13 miles (21 km) across, known as the "Meriden Gap", which retains a strongly rural character. A smaller piece of green belt between Birmingham, Walsall and West Bromwich includes Barr Beacon and the Sandwell Valley.

The highest point in the West Midlands is Turners Hill, with a height of 271 m (889 ft).[13] The hill is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Barr Beacon is another hill in the West Midlands, located on the border of Birmingham and Walsall, with a height of 227 metres (745 ft).

There are 23 Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the county.[14] One of these SSSIs is Sutton Park in Sutton Coldfield, which has an area of 970 hectares (2,400 acres).[15] As a result, it is one of the largest urban parks in Europe, and the largest outside of a capital city in Europe.[citation needed] The park also has national nature reserve status.

There are numerous rivers that pass through the county, including the River Tame. The river basin is the most urbanised basin in the United Kingdom, with approximately 42% of the basin being urbanised.[16] The River Tame is fed by the River Rea, River Anker, and the River Blythe, which in turn is fed by the River Cole. The River Sowe and River Sherbourne both flow through Coventry. The River Stour flows through the west of the West Midlands county.

Like other metropolitan counties, the West Midlands is divided into districts called metropolitan boroughs. There are seven boroughs in the West Midlands, six of which are named after the largest settlement in their administrative area. The West Midlands is unusual amongst the metropolitan counties in that three of its boroughs have city status; Coventry is a city by ancient prescriptive usage,[17] Birmingham was granted city status in 1889,[18] and Wolverhampton in 2000 as a "Millennium City".[19]

Metropolitan borough | Administrative centre | Other settlements

|
|

City of Birmingham |  | Birmingham | Aston, Bournville, Edgbaston, Erdington, Great Barr, Hall Green, Handsworth, Harborne, Northfield, Quinton, Soho, Sutton Coldfield
City of Coventry |  | Coventry | Allesley, Binley, Keresley, Stoke, Tile Hill
Dudley |  | Dudley | Amblecote, Brierley Hill, Coseley, Cradley, Gornal, Halesowen, Kingswinford, Lye, Netherton, Sedgley, Stourbridge, Quarry Bank
Sandwell |  | Oldbury | Bearwood, Blackheath, Cradley Heath, Great Bridge, Old Hill, Rowley Regis, Smethwick, Tipton, Tividale, Wednesbury, West Bromwich
Solihull |  | Solihull | Balsall Common, Bickenhill, Castle Bromwich, Chelmsley Wood, Dorridge, Elmdon, Hampton in Arden, Kingshurst, Knowle, Marston Green, Meriden, Monkspath, Hockley Heath, Shirley
Walsall |  | Walsall | Aldridge, Birchills, Bloxwich, Brownhills, Darlaston, Leamore, Palfrey, Pelsall, Pheasey, Shelfield, Streetly, Willenhall
City of Wolverhampton |  | Wolverhampton | Bilston, Blakenhall, Bushbury, Compton, Ettingshall, Heath Town, Oxley, Penn, Tettenhall, Wednesfield

## Demography

[edit]

Population density in the 2011 census in the West Midlands. Ethnic demography of the West Midlands county from 1971 to 2021

Main article: Demographics of the West Midlands County

Ethnic Group  | Year

|

1966 estimations[20] | 1971 estimations[21] | 1981 estimations[22] | 1991 census[23] | 2001 census[24] | 2011 census[25] | 2021 census[26]
Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
White: Total  | –  | –  | 2,580,903  | 93.2%  | 2,371,072  | 88.7%  | 2,237,135  | 85.1%  | 2,043,231  | 80%  | 1,919,138  | 70.1%  | 1,793,173  | 61.4%
White: British | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 1,956,156  | 76.5%  | 1,806,708  | 66%  | 1,630,823  | 55.9%
White: Irish | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 54,011  | 2.1%  | 39,183  | 1.4%  | 31,490  | 1.1%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller[a] | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  |  |  | 1,618  |  | 2417  |
White: Roma | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  |  |  | –  | –  | 4246  |
White: Other | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 33,064  | 1.3%  | 71,629  | 2.6%  | 124,197  | 4.3%
Asian or Asian British: Total  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 206,289  | 7.7%  | 276,162  | 10.5%  | 352,288  | 13.8%  | 514,981  | 18.8%  | 667,315  | 22.9%
Asian or Asian British: Indian | –  | –  | –  | –  | 118,101  | 4.4%  | 148,320  | 5.6%  | 157,062  | 6.1%  | 185,271  | 6.8%  | 226,927  | 7.8%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani | –  | –  | –  | –  | 65,985  | 2.5%  | 93,426  | 3.6%  | 138,007  | 5.4%  | 200,545  | 7.3%  | 278,837  | 9.6%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi | –  | –  | –  | –  | 11,006  | 0.4%  | 19,131  | 0.7%  | 29,085  | 1.1%  | 48,727  |  | 72,168  | 2.5%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese[b] | –  | –  | –  | –  | 4,543  | 0.2%  | 6,119  | 0.2%  | 10,548  | 0.4%  | 21,430  |  | 22,718  | 0.8%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 6,654  |  | 9,166  |  | 17,586  |  | 59,008  |  | 66,665  | 2.3%
Black or Black British: Total  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 80,412  | 3%  | 96,384  | 3.7%  | 95,234  | 3.7%  | 164,069  | 6%  | 236,047  | 8.1%
Black or Black British: African | –  | –  | –  | –  | 3,602  | 0.1%  | 4,134  | 0.2%  | 10,000  | 0.4%  | 55,557  | 2%  | 126,041  | 4.3%
Black or Black British: Caribbean | –  | –  | –  | –  | 63,597  | 2.4%  | 75,612  | 2.9%  | 76,386  | 3%  | 79,632  | 2.9%  | 81,732  | 2.8%
Black or Black British: Other Black | –  | –  | –  | –  | 13,213  |  | 16,638  | 0.6%  | 8,848  | 0.3%  | 28,880  |  | 28,274  | 1%
Mixed: Total  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 54,757  | 2.1%  | 96,204  | 3.5%  | 121,685  | 4.2%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 31,525  | 1.2%  | 53,234  | 1.9%  | 59,903  | 2.1%
Mixed: White and Black African  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 2,446  |  | 6,053  |  | 9,735  |
Mixed: White and Asian  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 12,641  |  | 21,964  |  | 28,872  |
Mixed: Other Mixed  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 8,145  |  | 14,953  |  | 23,175  |
Other: Total  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 15,327  | 0.5%  | 19,719  | 0.7%  | 10,082  | 0.4%  | 42,068  | 1.5%  | 101,435  | 3.5%
Other: Arab[a] | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 16,029  |  | 28,083  | 1%
Other: Any other ethnic group  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | –  | 10,082  | 0.4%  | 26,039  |  | 73,352  | 2.5%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ethnic minority: Total  | 102,850  | –  | 188,306  | 6.8%  | 302,027  | 11.3%  | 392,265  | 14.9%  | 512,361  | 20%  | 817,322  | 29.9%  | 1,126,482  | 38.6%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total  | –  | 100%  | 2,769,209  | 100%  | 2,673,099  | 100%  | 2,629,400  | 100%  | 2,555,592  | 100%  | 2,736,460  | 100%  | 2,919,655  | 100%

Distribution of ethnic groups in the West Midlands according to the 2011 census.

* White

* White-British

* White-Irish

* White-Other

* Asian

* Asian-Indian

* Asian-Pakistani

* Asian-Bangladeshi

* Asian-Chinese

* Black

* Black-African

* Black-Caribbean

* Other-Arab

Distribution of religions in the West Midlands according to the 2011 census.

* Christianity

* Islam

* Judaism

* Hinduism

* Sikhism

* Buddhism

* Other religion

* No religion

## Economy

[edit]

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|

In Central Birmingham

* The Insolvency Service's Intelligence and Enforcement Directorate.[27]
* Stamp Duty Land Tax and stamp duty on shares[28]
* National Debtline[29]
* The Solicitors Regulation Authority[30]
* H. Samuel, jewellers.[31]
* J Hudson & Co the world's largest producer of whistles make Acme Whistles.[32]
* Mobico Group and CrossCountry in transport.[33]

Car manufacturers
The leaping jaguar mascot outside the car company's head office south of Coventry

* Land Rover main factory[34]
* Jaguar Cars, Peugeot UK and Citroen UK & Ireland[35] have a large manufacturing plant at Castle Bromwich Assembly making the XJ, XF and XK.[36]

Nearest Birmingham
Cadbury in Birmingham

* Cadbury's main plant and Cadbury World remains in Bournville, Birmingham; since 2012.
* B Mason & Sons produce rolled copper and cupronickel alloy precision strips; applications include submarine communication cables.[37][38]
* Kiepe Electric UK (former Vossloh-Kiepe)[39]
* Goodyear Tyres[40]
* Dunlop Aircraft Tyres manufacture and retread[41]
* Claire's (accessories) European head office is at Erdington.
* Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents in training, surveying and policy advice.[42]

Outskirts of County

* HiQ, tyre merchants.
* UK Mail[43]
* Genting Group UK casinos[44]
* Dana Traction Technologies make axles (including that of the Ford Transit and Range Rover).
* TIMET UK.
* Goodrich Engine Controls make engine control systems for jet engines[45]
* Pilkington Automotive make Triplex Safety Glass[46]
* Alcoa plant[47]
* Small-scale production of MG by Nanjing Automobile Group on part of the former MG Rover Group site[48]
* Schaeffler Group UK (inc. INA) make timing belts and wheel bearings) for wind turbines, passenger cars and aircraft[49]
* The Works (retailer) distribution centre, books, puzzles, toys and games[50]
* The Defence Infrastructure Organisation (former Defence Estates)[51]
* Eaton Electric make residual-current devices[52]
* National Highways National Traffic Control Centre[53]
* Ishida Europe makes industrial multihead weighers and food processing equipment[54]
* Aisin Europe Manufacturing
* Keiper UK automotive seating

Near other main towns

* Severn Trent (water)[55]
* Saint-Gobain UK is based at Binley Business Park.
* Coventry Building Society nearby Jewson, is in the east of the city at Binley.
* Chartered Institute of Housing
* RICS UK[56]
* Bladon Jets develop micro gas turbines and were the first to develop an axial flow micro example in 1994.[57]
* Halfords Autocentre[34]
* Axeon UK distributes lithium-ion batteries[58]
* Morgan Advanced Materials Composites and Defence Systems, make the British Army's helmet – the Mk 7 helmet and electronics for the Cougar MRAP, as well as body armour for the police.[59]
* Bystronic UK makes laser cutting equipment[60]
* Stadco UK design division[61]
* The Education and Skills Funding Agency, and National Apprenticeship Service.
* AAH Pharmaceuticals and Lloyds Pharmacy, owned by Celesio.[62]
* Sainsbury's: TU clothing distribution.[62]
* British Chambers of Commerce, a representative and awards-giving corporate membership organisation.
* Walkers (snack foods) within their corn and wheat products ranges[63]
* Gefco UK (owned by Peugeot);
* Co-op National Distribution Centre for the bulk of England[64]

The Forensic Science Service, Linpac, Lafarge Cement UK and IMI plc are on the Birmingham Business Park in Bickenhill. The National Exhibition Centre (NEC) is just north. ZF Lemförder UK's site at Bickenhill makes axle modules for Land Rover. Newey and Eyre, Britain's largest electrical wholesaler, is at Sheldon. Neopost UK is off the A452. Goodrich UK is in Shirley. TRW Conekt have a main automotive engineering research centre at The Green Business Park in Shirley Heath. The Mormons (Latter Day Saints) have their European HQ in Solihull.

Carillion head office in Wolverhampton

The UK's VAT Registration Service, for Value Added Tax is at HMRC in Wolverhampton. Flint Ink UK in the east of the town centre, was the largest ink supplier in the British Empire, before being bought in 1998.

Turner Powertrain Systems is the world market leader for transmissions for backhoe loaders, mini excavators telescopic handlers, and site dumpers is further south, near Dunstall Hill. Tata Steel (former site of British Steel Seamless Tubes until 1995) have their Wednesfield Steelpark (built in 1999) on the Walsall boundary.

Essar Steel UK in west Dudley, is the largest independent steel toll processor in the UK.

Hadley Group near the Soho Foundry is the largest cold roll forming manufacturer in the UK. Caparo Precision Tubes in Oldbury, is the UK's largest producer of electric resistance welded (ERW) steel tubes, and Wellman Group make boilers to the west. Metsec, east of Oldbury, is one of the UK's largest cold roll-forming companies. The AA have a main office in Rounds Green, west of Oldbury. 2 Sisters Food Group, Britain's largest processor of chicken, is based in the West Midlands.[citation needed]

The national headquarters of One Stop is in Brownhills, at Clayhanger. Poundland is in Willenhall. Wedge Group, based in Willenhall, is the largest hot dip galvanising company in the UK. Assa Abloy UK (and Yale UK, former Yale & Towne), is also in Willenhall, as the town is known for manufacture of locks. A.F. Blakemore, supplies most of the SPAR shops in the UK. [citation needed]

## Places of interest

[edit]

See also: Category:Tourist attractions in Birmingham, West Midlands

This section is written like a travel guide. Please help rewrite it in a neutral, encyclopedic style, or move its content to Wikivoyage. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. (May 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Key

| Abbey/Priory/Cathedral
| Accessible open space
| Amusement/Theme Park
| Castle
| Country Park
| English Heritage
| Forestry Commission
| Heritage railway
| Historic House
| Places of Worship

| Museum (free/not free)
| National Trust
| Theatre
| Zoo

* Ackers Adventure, Birmingham,
* Aston Hall, Birmingham
* Bantock House Museum and Park, Wolverhampton
* Bescot Stadium (Walsall F.C.)
* Bilston Craft Gallery, Wolverhampton
* Birmingham Botanical Gardens
* Birmingham Bullring
* Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery
* Birmingham Hippodrome
* Black Country Living Museum, Dudley
* Blakesley Hall, Birmingham
* Cadbury World, Bournville, Birmingham
* Castle Bromwich Hall, Solihull
* Coventry Cathedral
* Coventry SkyDome Arena
* Coventry Transport Museum
* Dudley Castle
* Dudley Zoo
* Edgbaston Cricket Ground, Birmingham
* International Convention Centre (including Symphony Hall), Birmingham
* Merry Hill Shopping Centre, Dudley
* Molineux Stadium (Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.)
* Moseley Old Hall, Wolverhampton
* National Exhibition Centre
* National Indoor Arena (NIA), Birmingham
* Sea Life Centre, Birmingham
* Netherton Tunnel, Dudley
* The New Art Gallery Walsall, Walsall
* Perrott's Folly, Birmingham
* Red House Glass Cone, Stourbridge
* Ricoh Arena (Coventry City Football Club)
* Sandwell Valley Country Park, West Bromwich
* Sarehole Mill, Birmingham
* St Andrew's (Birmingham City Football Club)
* St Peter's Collegiate Church, Wolverhampton
* Star City
* The Hawthorns (West Bromwich Albion Football Club)
* Thinktank Millennium Point, Birmingham
* Tyseley Locomotive Works, Birmingham
* University of Birmingham
* Villa Park (Aston Villa Football Club)
* Walsall Art Gallery
* West Park, Wolverhampton
* Wightwick Manor, Wolverhampton
* Winterbourne Botanic Garden, Birmingham
* Wolverhampton Art Gallery, Wolverhampton
* Wolverhampton Civic Hall, Wolverhampton
* Wolverhampton Grand Theatre, Wolverhampton
* Wolverhampton Racecourse, Wolverhampton

## Education

[edit]

The West Midlands contains ten universities, seven of which are in Birmingham:

* Aston University
* University of Birmingham
* Birmingham City University
* University College Birmingham
* BPP University
* University of Law
* Birmingham Newman University

Both Coventry University and the University of Warwick are in Coventry whilst University of Wolverhampton is located in Wolverhampton with campuses in Telford and Walsall.

Each of the local authorities has at least one further education college for students aged over 16, and since September 1992 all of the local authorities have operated traditional 5–7 infant, 7–11 junior, and 11-16/18 secondary schools for students in compulsory education. This followed the demise of 5–8 first, 8–12 middle and 12-16/18 secondary schools in the Sutton Coldfield area.[51]

For 18 years before September 1990, Dudley had operated 5–8 first, 8–12 middle, and 12-16/18 secondary schools before then, while Halesowen (September 1972 until July 1982) and Aldridge-Brownhills (September 1972 until July 1986) had both operated 5–9 first, 9–13 middle and 13-16/18 secondary schools.

Many local authorities still have sixth form facilities in secondary schools, though sixth form facilities had been axed by most secondary schools in Dudley since the early 1990s (and in Halesowen in 1982) as the local authorities changed direction towards further education colleges.

All secondary state education in Dudley and Sandwell is mixed comprehensive, although there are a small number of single sex and grammar schools existing in parts of Birmingham, Solihull, Wolverhampton and Walsall.

In August 2009, Matthew Boulton College and Sutton Coldfield College merged to become Birmingham Metropolitan College, one of the largest further and higher education institutions in the country. Plans are afoot for the construction of a new campus in the Perry Barr area of Birmingham.

## Media

[edit]

### Television

[edit]

The area is served by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central which both broadcast from Birmingham, the local based-television station TalkBirmingham also covers the area. Television signals are received from the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station.[65]

### Radio

[edit]

In terms of BBC Local Radio, the area is served by BBC Radio WM and BBC CWR covering Coventry.

Commercial radio stations include Hits Radio Birmingham, Capital Midlands, Capital Mid-Counties, Heart West Midlands, Hits Radio Coventry & Warwickshire, Smooth West Midlands, Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands, and Greatest Hits Radio Black Country & Shropshire.

Community radio stations include:

* The Bridge 102.5 (Stourbridge)
* Big City Radio (Birmingham)
* Radio Plus and Hillz FM in (Coventry)
* WCR FM and Gorgeous Radio (Wolverhampton)
* Black Country Radio (Black Country)

## Sport

[edit]

The West Midlands is home to numerous sports teams. In rugby union, the West Midlands is home to various clubs including Wasps RFC, Birmingham Barbarians, Sutton Coldfield RFC, Moseley Rugby Football Club, Birmingham & Solihull RFC, and Coventry RFC.

In rugby league, the Midlands Hurricanes are the only team from the county playing in the professional ranks, currently in the third tier League 1.

In association football, there are six Premier League and Football League teams in the county of which two, Aston Villa, and Wolverhampton Wanderers, play in the Premier League. The following clubs are often referred to as the West Midlands "Big Six":

Club  | League  | City/town  | Stadium  | Capacity

|
|
|
|

Aston Villa | Premier League  | Birmingham  | Villa Park | 42,788
Wolverhampton Wanderers | Premier League  | Wolverhampton  | Molineux | 31,700
West Bromwich Albion | Championship  | West Bromwich  | The Hawthorns | 26,500
Coventry City | Championship  | Coventry  | Coventry Building Society Arena | 32,609
Birmingham City | League One  | Birmingham  | St Andrew's | 30,079
Walsall | League Two  | Walsall  | Bescot Stadium | 11,300

The West Midlands is also home to Warwickshire County Cricket Club, who are based at Edgbaston Cricket Ground, which also hosts Test matches and One Day Internationals. The Birmingham Panthers basketball team replaced the Birmingham Bullets and are currently based at a facility provided by the University of Wolverhampton in Walsall.

The West Midlands has its own Quidditch team, West Midlands Revolution (after its part in the Industrial Revolution), which won the Quidditch Premier League in 2017.[66]

## See also

[edit]

* England portal

* List of ceremonial counties in England by GVA
* List of conservation areas in the West Midlands (county)
* Evolution of Worcestershire county boundaries since 1844

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b New category created for the 2011 census
2. ^ In 2001, listed under the 'Chinese or other ethnic group' heading.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "No. 62943". The London Gazette. 13 March 2020. p. 5161.
2. ^ a b "Mid-2022 population estimates by Lieutenancy areas (as at 1997) for England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 24 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
3. ^ "West Midlands County Demographics | Age, Ethnicity, Religion, Wellbeing". Varbes. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
4. ^ Office for National Statistics Archived 23 December 2003 at the UK Government Web Archive – Gazetteer of the old and new geographies of the United Kingdom, p48. URL accessed 10 March 2007.
5. ^ Metropolitan Counties and Districts Archived 15 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Beginners' Guide to UK Geography, Office for National Statistics, 17 September 2004. URL accessed 10 March 2007.
6. ^ West Midlands Counties Archived 10 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine, The Boundary Commission for England. URL accessed 10 March 2007.
7. ^ "West Midlands Lieutenancy". The West Midlands Lieutenancy. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
8. ^ "West Midlands 2013/2014". High Sheriff's Association of England and Wales (The Shrievalty Association). Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
9. ^ a b c Whitaker's Almanack 1974, complete edition (106th ed.). London: J. Whitaker & Sons. 1973 [1868]. p. 672\. ISBN 0-85021-067-4.
10. ^ "The Hereford and Worcester, Staffordshire and West Midlands (County and Metropolitan Borough Boundaries) Order 1993". Office of Public Sector Information. 20 September 2000. Archived from the original on 21 January 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
11. ^ "All systems go for West Midlands Combined Authority as MPs say 'Yes'". The Chamberlain Files. Archived from the original on 22 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
12. ^ "2011 Census – Built-up areas". ONS. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
13. ^ Bathurst, David (2012). Walking the county high points of England. Chichester: Summersdale. pp. 111–114\. ISBN 978-1-84-953239-6.
14. ^ "SSSIs in the West Midlands". Natural England. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
15. ^ Introduction To Sutton Park Archived 27 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine Birmingham City Council
16. ^ John S. Rowan; R. W. Duck; A. Werritty (2006). Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems. IAHS. p. 98\. ISBN 1-901502-68-6.
17. ^ Home Office List of English Cities by Ancient Prescriptive Right, 1927, cited in Beckett, J V (2005). City status in the British Isles, 1830–2002. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 12\. ISBN 0-7546-5067-7.
18. ^ "History of Mayoralty". Birmingham.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 10 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
19. ^ "City winners named". BBC News. 18 December 2000. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
20. ^ Patterson, Sheila; Relations, Institute of Race (1969). Immigration and Race Relations in Britain, 1960-1967. Institute of Race Relations. ISBN 978-0-19-218174-9.
21. ^ Explaining ethnic differences: Changing patterns of disadvantage in Britain (1 ed.). Bristol University Press. 2003. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1t8915s. JSTOR j.ctt1t8915s.
22. ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
23. ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
24. ^ "KS006 - Ethnic group - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
25. ^ "KS201EW (Ethnic group) - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
26. ^ "Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
27. ^ Intelligence and Enforcement Directorate, The Insolvency Service, 18 The Priory Queensway, Birmingham
28. ^ HMRC Stamp Duty Taxes, City Centre House, Birmingham
29. ^ Tricorn House, 51–53 Hagley Rd, Birmingham – specifically near Five Ways.
30. ^ SRA, The Cube, Birmingham part of the Mailbox.
31. ^ H. Samuel, Hunters Road, Hockley within the Jewellery Quarter, Birmingham since 1912 "About Us". H.Samuel. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
32. ^ J Hudson & Co 244 Barr Street, Boulton Middleway, Birmingham, namely in the Jewellery Quarter where the A41 and A4540 meet.
33. ^ The latter at Cannon House
34. ^ a b Solihull
35. ^ Head office, B4110 at Stoke Aldermoor
36. ^ Jaguar Land Rover, Whitley, Coventry
37. ^ Wharf Street, Aston, Birmingham
38. ^ "Wieland Metals Birmingham" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
39. ^ Kiepe Electric, Aston Science Park, Birmingham
40. ^ Goodyear, 2920 Trident Court, Solihull Parkway, Birmingham Business Park, Birmingham
41. ^ 40 Fort Pkwy, Birmingham
42. ^ RoSPA, 28 Calthorpe Rd, Birmingham – specifically in Calthorpe Fields in north Edgbaston, next to St George's School
43. ^ Office/depot at the A47/A4040 junction next to the River Tame at Ward End near M6, and next to the former LDV factory.
44. ^ Genting Group, Star City near Washwood Heath.
45. ^ Goodrich Engine Controls, Hall Green, Birmingham
46. ^ in Kings Norton
47. ^ Kitts Green (towards Solihull), next to the River Cole.
48. ^ at Longbridge.
49. ^ Maypoint Business Park, next to the railway on the opposite side of the A38
50. ^ Midpoint Park, south of A38
51. ^ a b Sutton Coldfield
52. ^ Birmingham
53. ^ National Highways, Quinton, Birmingham.
54. ^ Ishida, Woodgate Business Park
55. ^ Severn Trent, 2 St John Street, Coventry
56. ^ Westwood Business Park in Westwood Heath
57. ^ Bladon Jets, Pinley
58. ^ Axeon UK, Coventry
59. ^ Edgwick and Great Heath
60. ^ Wayside Business Park, Longford, Coventry
61. ^ Whitmore Park, Coventry
62. ^ a b At Walsgrave Triangle
63. ^ Middlemarch Business Park, Baginton next to Coventry Airport
64. ^ Prologis Park, Coventry
65. ^ "Sutton Coldfield (Birmingham, England) Full Freeview transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
66. ^ "West Midlands Revolution". The Quidditch Premier League. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to West Midlands (county).

* Photographs of Birmingham and the West Midlands
* Identity in the West Midlands
* West Midlands Joint Committee
* Images of West Midlands Archived 2 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine at the English Heritage Archive

* v
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Ceremonial county of West Midlands

Metropolitan districts|

* City of Birmingham
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Major settlements
(cities in italics)|

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See also: West Midlands

Rivers|

* River Blythe
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Black Country
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England|

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Herefordshire|

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Warwickshire|

* North Warwickshire
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West Midlands|

* Birmingham
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Worcestershire|

* Bromsgrove
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52°30′N 1°50′W﻿ / ﻿52.500°N 1.833°W﻿ / 52.500; -1.833
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