West Saharan montane xeric woodlands

Ecoregion in the Sahara

West Saharan montane xeric woodlands

Ahaggar National Park in Algeria

Location of the ecoregion (in yellow)

Ecology
Realm| Palearctic
Biome| deserts and xeric shrublands
Geography
Area| 257,460 km2 (99,410 sq mi)
Countries|

List

* Algeria
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Niger
* Libya

Climate type| hot and dry, sometimes extremely so
Conservation
Conservation status| relatively intact
Protected| 107,606 km2 (42%)[1]

The West Saharan montane xeric woodlands is an ecoregion that extends across several highland regions in the Sahara. Surrounded at lower elevations by the largely barren Sahara, the West Saharan montane xeric woodlands are isolated refuges of plants and animals that can survive in the higher humidity and lower temperatures of the highlands.

## Setting

[edit]

The Sahara is a vast desert, stretching across northern Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Some mountains ranges (such as the Ahaggar, Tassili n'Ajjer, Tibesti and Aïr) rise up from the desert and receive more rainfall and mostly present slightly cooler summer temperatures. These highlands support dry woodlands and shrublands distinct from the hot dry desert lowlands.[2]

This ecoregion has an area of 258,100 km2 (99,700 sq mi). The boundaries for the largest part of this ecoregion, which includes the Tassili n'Ajjer Ahaggar and Aïr (or Azbine) massifs, follow the 'regs,' 'hamadas' and 'wadis' above the 1,000 m contour. This covers a good part of southeast Algeria. These areas reach almost 3,000 meters in altitude. Additional areas further south were included within this ecoregion, including the Aïr ou Azbine in northern Niger, Dhar Adrar in Mauritania, and Adrar des Iforas in Mali and Algeria, using the 500 m-elevation contour.[2]

The mountains of the West Saharan montane xeric woodland ecoregion are found within the Sahara Desert and are predominantly of volcanic origin. They rise from the surrounding flat desert landscape or sand dunes and create islands of moister habitat (guelta) which support flora and fauna. The most important area is the Tassili n'Ajjer Plateau, an outlier of the Ahaggar Mountains in Algeria which supports some near-endemic species and some globally threatened antelopes. The highest point of these mountains is 3,003 meters (Mount Tahat).[2]

Winters are quite rigorous, with an amplitude in temperature of over 20°C. Day temperatures may be over 20 °C (68 °F) while nights are freezing. In summer, days are very hot, though less so than in the central Sahara. Rainfall is rare and sporadic.[2]

## Flora and fauna

[edit]

Vegetation varies greatly depending on altitude and landscape, in particular wind protection. It is often composed of relict mediterranean vegetation.[2]

In the gueltas, vegetation is very diverse and hosts many animals. Trees may be found at lower elevations, while higher areas mostly host bushes. It is possible to find wild olive trees, or Olea lapperrini. Endemic and rare species include the Saharan Cypress ("tarout") (Cupressus dupreziana) and Saharan Myrtle (Myrtus nivellei), both of which are relict Saharan-Mediterranean species. Olive and myrtle trees grow at the bottom of wadis, intermittent stream valleys, or beside gueltas and permanent or temporary waterholes.[2]

Other species with a preference for moist habitats are Trianthema pentandra, Lupinus pilosus, and Convolvulus fatmensis. Silene kiliani, Acacia laeta, A. scorpiodes, and Cordia rochii grow in wadis. Other representatives of the 28 national Algerian plant rarities found on Tassili n'Ajjer include Ficus ingens and Anticharis glandulosa.[2]

## Population and conservation

[edit]

The human population of the ecoregion is very small, with fewer than 5 persons per square kilometre. Many people are nomadic though some small cities also exist (such as Idlès). The vegetation remains fairly intact.[2]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014
2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Northern Africa: Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2016-11-27.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to West Saharan montane xeric woodlands at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
* e

Palearctic deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregions

Africa|

* Atlantic coastal desert
* North Saharan steppe and woodlands
* Red Sea coastal desert
* Sahara desert
* South Saharan steppe and woodlands
* Tibesti–Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands
* West Saharan montane xeric woodlands

Western Asia|

* Arabian Desert
* Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe
* Central Persian desert basins
* Mesopotamian shrub desert
* Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert
* Red Sea Nubo–Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert
* South Iran Nubo–Sindian desert and semi-desert

Central Asia|

* Afghan Mountains semi-desert
* Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert
* Baluchistan xeric woodlands
* Caspian lowland desert
* Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands
* Central Asian northern desert
* Central Asian riparian woodlands
* Central Asian southern desert
* Kazakh semi-desert
* Kopet Dag semi-desert
* Paropamisus xeric woodlands
* Registan–North Pakistan sandy desert

Eastern Asia|

* Alashan Plateau semi-desert
* Dzungaria
* Eastern Gobi desert steppe
* Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe
* Great Lakes Basin desert steppe
* Qaidam Basin
* Taklamakan Desert

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template