Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)

UK parliamentary constituency in England, 1545-1918

Westminster

Former borough constituency
for the House of Commons

Westminster in London 1868-85

Westminster in London 1885-1918

1545–1918
Seats| two to 1885, then one
Created from| Middlesex
Replaced by| Westminster Abbey (abolished 1950)
Westminster St George's (also known as Westminster, St George's Hanover Square) (received Knightsbridge exclave)
During its existence contributed to new seat(s) of:| Strand (abolished 1918)
St George's, Hanover Square (abolished 1950)

Westminster was a parliamentary constituency in the Parliament of England to 1707, the Parliament of Great Britain 1707–1800 and the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801. It returned two members to 1885 and one thereafter.

The constituency was first known to have been represented in Parliament in 1545 and continued to exist until the redistribution of seats in 1918. The constituency's most famous former representatives are John Stuart Mill and Charles James Fox. The most analogous contemporary constituency is Cities of London and Westminster.

## Boundaries and boundary changes

[edit]

1885-1918: The Westminster district, and Close of Collegiate Church of St. Peter.[1]

The constituency was formed in 1545 from part of the county constituency of Middlesex and returned two members of parliament until 1885.

The City of Westminster is a district of Inner London. Its southern boundary is on the north bank of the River Thames. It is today combined with Marylebone to the north. It is west of the diminutive City of London, fixed with four MPs in 1298, and the north part of Lambeth, created a broad constituency in 1832. It is south-west of Holborn and St. Pancras which in 1832 were both placed in a wider seat named Finsbury and to the east of Kensington and Chelsea which were dealt with similarly in a seat named Chelsea.

In the 1885 redistribution of seats the constituency (virtually identical to the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster which was created in 1900) was divided into three single-member seats. The south-eastern part, including the traditional heart of Westminster and such important centres of power as the Houses of Parliament and the seat of government in Whitehall, continued to be a constituency called Westminster. By official definition the areas retained were "the Westminster district and Close of the Collegiate Church of St Peter"; a seat named Strand was created in the north-east and a seat, St George's, Hanover Square, in the west.

In the 1918 redistribution the three seats were cut to two: Westminster St George's in the west and Westminster Abbey in the east, the latter wholly containing and slightly larger than the 1885–1918 Westminster seat (except for its Knightsbridge exclave which lay some way off in the west).

## History

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The Westminster constituency represented the centre of British government and had a large electorate so that it was independent of the control of a patron. Before the Reform Act 1832 the right to vote was held by the male inhabitants paying scot and lot (a kind of local property tax). The franchise was the largest of any borough in the kingdom, and only the county constituency of Yorkshire had more voters. Sedgwick estimated the electorate at about 8,000 in the first half of the eighteenth century. Namier and Brooke estimated that there were about 12,000 voters later in the century. The large size of the electorate made contested elections immensely expensive.

In the sixteenth century the Church officials associated with Westminster Abbey had a large influence in the area, but as the community became bigger that became less important. The Court (or His Majesty's Treasury) had some legitimate influence (by the standards of the age), because of the royal residences and government offices in the borough. The use of public funds to bribe the electorate was not unknown, during close elections (see the comments about the cost of the 1780 and 1784 contests below). Local landowners who were prepared to stir up ill-will by threatening to evict or raise the rents of tenants voting the wrong way, could also affect the result.

Unlawful means were sometimes used to make sure that the right candidates were elected. In 1722 the election of two Tories was declared void because of rioting which prevented some Whigs voting. In 1741 a Whig returning officer called upon the assistance of some troops to close the poll before the Tory candidates could catch up to the Whig votes.

The House of Commons declared the 1741 election void with the ringing resolution that "the presence of a regular body of armed soldiers at an election of members to sit in Parliament, is a high infringement of the liberties of the subject, a manifest violation of the freedom of election and an open defiance of the laws and constitution of this kingdom".

By the eighteenth century it was normal for the members to be Irish peers, the sons of peers or baronets, as it was thought appropriate for them to be of high social standing so as to be worthy to represent the seat.

The Treasury spent the enormous sums of more than £8,000 in 1780 and £9,000 in 1784, in unsuccessful attempts to defeat the opposition Whig leader Charles James Fox. So expensive were these contests that for the next general election in 1790, the government and opposition leaders reached a formal agreement for each to have one member returned unopposed. However, in the event a second Whig candidate did appear, but the Tory (the famous Admiral Lord Hood) and Fox were re-elected without too much difficulty.

The last MP for this constituency, William Burdett-Coutts, was connected with a family prominent in City of Westminster politics since the eighteenth century. He himself was born in the United States in 1851, his grandparents on both sides having been British subjects. After he married Baroness Burdett-Coutts in 1881 he changed his surname from Bartlett to Burdett-Coutts. He represented the area from 1885 until 1918 and continued to sit for the Abbey division until his death in 1921.

## Lists of Members of Parliament

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The English civil year started on 25 March until 1752 (Scotland having changed to 1 January in 1600). The years used in this article have been converted to the new style where necessary. Old style dates would be a year earlier than the new style for days between 1 January and 24 March. No attempt has been made to compensate for the eleven days which did not occur in September 1752 in both England and Scotland as well as other British controlled territories (when the day after 2 September was 14 September), so as to bring the British Empire fully in line with the Gregorian calendar.

### Members of Parliament 1545–1660

[edit]

Some of the members elected during this period have been identified. The year first given is for the initial meeting of the Parliament, with the month added where there was more than one Parliament in the year. If a second year is given this is a date of dissolution. Early Parliaments sometimes only existed for a few days or weeks, so dissolutions in the same year as the first meeting are not recorded in this list If a specific date of election is known this is recorded in italic brackets. The Roman numerals in brackets, following some names, are those used to distinguish different politicians of the same name in 'The House of Commons' 1509–1558 and 1558–1603.

Year | First member | Second member

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|

1545–1547 | Robert Smallwood | John Russell (II)
1547–1552 | (Sir) George Blagge, died
and repl.Jan 1552 by Robert Nowell | John Rede (I)
1553 (Mar) | (Sir) Robert Southwell | Arthur Stourton
1553 (Oct) | (Sir) Robert Southwell | William Gyes
1554 (April) | William Gyes | Richard Hodges
1554 (Nov)-1555 | William Jennings | William Gyes
1555 | Arthur Stourton | Richard Hodges
1558 | Nicholas Newdigate | John Best
1559 (elected 7 January 1559) | Richard Hodges | John Best
1563–1567 (elected 1562/3) | Robert Nowell | William Bowyer (II)
1571 | Sir William Cordell | William Staunton
1572–1583 | Thomas Wilbraham, died
and repl. 1576 by John Osborne | John Dodington
1584–1585 | Hon. Robert Cecil | Thomas Knyvett
1586–1587 | Hon. Robert Cecil | Thomas Knyvett
1589 (elected 20 December 1588) | Thomas Knyvett | Peter Osborne
1593 | Richard Cecil | Thomas Cole
1597–1598 (elected 27 September 1597) | Thomas Knyvett | Thomas Cole died
and repl. January 1598 by Anthony Mildmay
1601 (elected 26 September 1601) | Thomas Knyvett | William Cooke (II)
1604 | Sir Thomas Knyvett | Sir Walter Cope
1614 | Sir Humphrey May | Edmund Doubleday
1621 | Sir Edward Villiers | Edmund Doubleday
(died before taking his seat and replaced by
William Mann)
1624 | Sir Edward Villiers | William Mann
1625 | Sir Edward Villiers | William Mann
1626 | Sir Robert Pye | Peter Heywood
1628 | Joseph Bradshaw | Thomas Morice
Apr 1640 | Sir John Glynne | William Bell
Nov 1640 | Sir John Glynne | William Bell
Glynne disabled 7 September 1647 but restored 7 June 1648
Glynne and Bell both possibly secluded in Pride's Purge
Westminster unrepresented in the Rump and Barebones Parliament
1654 | Thomas Latham | Thomas Falconbridge
1656 | Colonel Edward Grosvenor | Edward Cary
1659 | Edward Grosvenor | Richard Sherwyn

### Members of Parliament 1660–1918

[edit]

Election | First Member | First Party | Second Member | Second Party

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|
|
|

1660 |  | Gilbert Gerard | Non-partisan |  | Thomas Clarges | Non-partisan
1661 |  | Philip Warwick | Non-partisan |  | Richard Everard | Non-partisan
Feb. 1679 |  | Stephen Fox | Non-partisan |  | William Pulteney | Non-partisan
Sep. 1679  |  | Francis Wythens | Non-partisan
1680 |  | William Waller | Non-partisan
Mar. 1685 |  | Charles Bonython | Tory |  | Michael Arnold | Tory
Nov. 1685  | Parliament prorogued
1689 |  | William Pulteney | Whig |  | Philip Howard | Whig
1690 |  | Walter Clarges | Tory
1691 |  | Stephen Fox | Non-partisan
1695 |  | Charles Montagu | Non-partisan
1698 |  | James Vernon | Non-partisan
Jan. 1701 |  | Thomas Crosse | Tory
Dec. 1701 |  | Henry Colt | Non-partisan
1702 |  | Walter Clarges | Tory |  | Thomas Crosse | Tory
1702 |  | Henry Boyle | Non-partisan |  | Henry Colt | Non-partisan
1708 |  | Thomas Medlycott | Non-partisan
1710 |  | Thomas Crosse | Tory
1715 |  | Edward Wortley Montagu | Whig
Mar. 1722 |  | Archibald Hutcheson | Tory |  | John Cotton | Tory
Dec. 1722 |  | Charles Montagu | Whig |  | George Carpenter | Whig
1727 |  | Charles Cavendish | Whig |  | William Clayton | Whig
1734 |  | Charles Wager | Whig
1741 |  | John Perceval | Tory |  | Charles Edwin | Tory
1747 |  | Granville Leveson-Gower | Whig |  | Peter Warren | Whig
1752 | Seat vacant
1753 |  | Edward Cornwallis | Whig
1754 |  | John Crosse | Non-partisan
1761 |  | William Pulteney | Non-partisan
1762 |  | Edwin Sandys | Non-partisan
1763 |  | Hugh Percy | Non-partisan
1770 |  | Robert Bernard | Non-partisan
1774 |  | Thomas Pelham-Clinton | Non-partisan
1776 |  | Charles Stanhope | Non-partisan
1779 |  | George Capel-Coningsby | Non-partisan
1780 |  | George Brydges Rodney | Whig[2] |  | Charles James Fox | Whig[2]
1782 |  | Cecil Wray | Whig[2]
1784 |  | Samuel Hood | Tory[2]
1788 |  | John Townshend | Whig[2]
1790 |  | Samuel Hood | Tory[2]
1796 |  | Alan Gardner | Tory[2]
Oct. 1806 |  | Hugh Percy | Whig[2]
Nov. 1806 |  | Samuel Hood | Tory[2] |  | Richard Brinsley Sheridan | Whig[2]
1807 |  | Francis Burdett | Radical[3][4] |  | Thomas Cochrane | Whig[2]
Jul. 1818 |  | Samuel Romilly | Whig[2][3]
Nov. 1818 | Seat vacant
1819 |  | George Lamb | Tory[2]
1820 |  | John Hobhouse | Radical[5][6][7][8][9]
1833 |  | De Lacy Evans | Radical[10][11][12][13]
May. 1837 |  | Conservative[2][10]
Jul. 1837 |  | John Temple Leader | Radical[2][13][14]
1841 |  | Henry John Rous | Conservative[2][10]
1846 |  | De Lacy Evans | Radical[2][11][12][13]
1847 |  | Charles Lushington | Whig[12]
1852 |  | John Shelley | Whig[11]
1859 |  | Liberal[10] |  | Liberal[10]
1865 |  | Robert Grosvenor | Liberal[10] |  | John Stuart Mill | Liberal[10]
1868 |  | William Henry Smith | Conservative[10]
1874 |  | Charles Russell | Conservative[10]
1882 |  | Algernon Percy | Conservative[10]
1885 |  | William Burdett-Coutts | Conservative[10] | Seat reduced to one member
1918 | Seat abolished

## Fictional Member of Parliament

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Westminster was the constituency of fraudulent businessman Augustus Melmotte, who gained election as a Conservative, in Anthony Trollope's satirical novel, The Way We Live Now (published 1875).

## Elections

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### General notes

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In multi-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one or two candidates, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected.

In by-elections and all elections after 1885, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied.

After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In two-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by two. To the extent that electors did not use both their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout.

Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote. Change figures at by-elections are from the preceding general election or the last intervening by-election. Change figures at general elections are from the last general election.

Candidates for whom no party has been identified are classified as Non Partisan. The candidate might have been associated with a party or faction in Parliament or consider himself to belong to a particular political tradition. Political parties before the nineteenth century were not as cohesive or organised as they later became. Contemporary commentators (even the reputed leaders of parties or factions) in the eighteenth century did not necessarily agree who the party supporters were. The traditional parties, which had arisen in the late seventeenth century, became increasingly irrelevant to politics in the eighteenth century (particularly after 1760), although for some contests in some constituencies party labels were still used. It was only towards the end of the century that party labels began to acquire some meaning again, although this process was by no means complete for several more generations.

Sources: The results for elections before 1790 were taken from the History of Parliament Trust publications on the House of Commons. The results from 1790 until the 1832 general election are based on Stooks Smith and from 1832 onwards on Craig. Where Stooks Smith gives additional information to the other sources this is indicated in a note.

### Dates of Westminster general and by-elections 1660–1918

[edit]

* -2 Apr 1660 GE
* \-- Apr 1661 GE
* 27 Feb 1679 GE
* 19 Sep 1679 GE
* 15 Nov 1680 BE
* 10 Feb 1681 GE
* 23 Mar 1685 GE
* 21 Jan 1689 GE
* 13 Mar 1690 GE
* -9 Nov 1691 BE
* 29 Oct 1695 GE
* 22 Jul 1698 GE
* 21 Jan 1701 GE
* -9 Dec 1701 GE
* -6 Aug 1702 GE
* 30 May 1705 GE
* -7 Jul 1708 GE
* -9 Oct 1710 GE
* \-- 
 1713 GE
* 24 Jan 1715 GE
* 27 Mar 1722 GE (1)
* -3 Dec 1722 BE

* 15 Aug 1727 GE
* 22 Apr 1734 GE
* -8 May 1741 GE (1)
* 31 Dec 1741 BE
* -1 Jul 1747 GE
* 15 May 1750 BE
* 16 Jan 1753 BE
* 20 Apr 1754 GE
* 25 Mar 1761 GE
* 27 Apr 1762 BE
* 15 Mar 1763 BE
* 16 Mar 1768 GE
* 30 Apr 1770 BE
* 26 Oct 1774 GE
* 17 Dec 1776 BE
* 20 Apr 1779 BE
* 10 Oct 1780 GE
* -3 Apr 1782 BE
* 12 Jun 1782 BE
* -7 Apr 1783 BE
* 17 May 1784 GE
* -4 Aug 1788 BE

* -2 Jul 1790 GE
* 13 Jun 1796 GE
* 15 Jul 1802 GE
* 13 Feb 1806 BE
* -7 Oct 1806 BE
* 19 Nov 1806 GE
* 23 May 1807 GE
* -8 Oct 1812 GE
* -5 Jul 1814 (2)
* 16 Jul 1814 BE
* -4 Jul 1818 GE
* -3 Mar 1819 BE
* 25 Mar 1820 GE
* \-- 
 1826 GE
* \-- 
 1830 GE
* \-- 
 1831 GE
* \-- Feb 1832 BE
* \-- 
 1832 GE
* -4 Apr 1833 BE
* 11 May 1833 BE
* \-- 
 1835 GE
* 12 May 1837 BE
* 27 Jul 1837 GE

* -1 Jul 1841 GE
* 19 Feb 1846 BE
* 30 Jul 1847 GE
* -9 Jul 1852 GE
* \-- 
 1857 GE
* \-- 
 1859 GE
* 12 Jul 1865 GE
* 18 Nov 1868 GE
* -7 Feb 1874 GE
* 11 Aug 1877 BE
* \-- 
 1880 GE
* 10 Feb 1882 BE
* 29 Jun 1885 BE
* 26 Nov 1885 GE
* \-- 
 1886 GE
* \-- 
 1892 GE
* \-- 
 1895 GE
* \-- 
 1900 GE
* \-- 
 1906 GE
* \-- Jan 1910 GE
* \-- Dec 1910 GE

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|
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Notes:

* (1) Election declared void
* (2) Date of expulsion from the House of Lord Cochrane

### Election results (Parliament of England) 1660–1690

[edit]

General Election 2 April 1660: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
|
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| Nonpartisan | Gilbert Gerard | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Thomas Clarges | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
General election c. April 1661: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
|
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| Nonpartisan | Philip Warwick | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Richard Everard | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Thomas Clarges | Defeated  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Thomas Elliot | Defeated  | N/A | N/A

* Note (1661): Vote totals unavailable

General Election 27 February 1679: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
|
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| Nonpartisan | Stephen Fox | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | William Pulteney | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Philip Matthews | Defeated  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | William Waller | Defeated  | N/A | N/A

* Note (February 1679): Vote totals unavailable

General Election 19 September 1679: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
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| Nonpartisan | William Pulteney | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Francis Wythens | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | William Waller | Defeated  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | John Cutler | Defeated  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Philip Matthews | Defeated  | N/A | N/A

* Note (September 1679): Vote totals unavailable
* On petition Wythens was unseated and William Waller seated on 15 November 1680

General election 10 February 1681: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
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| Nonpartisan | William Pulteney | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | William Waller | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Richard Tufton | Defeated  | N/A | N/A

* Note (1681): Vote totals unavailable

General election 23 March 1685: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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| Tory | Charles Bonython | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Tory | Michael Arnold | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Whig | Gilbert Gerard | Defeated  | N/A | N/A
| Whig | William Dolbern | Defeated  | N/A | N/A

* Note (1685): Vote totals unavailable. The candidate in this election is not the Gilbert Gerard elected in 1660, nor is he the Gilbert Gerard who was knight of the shire for Middlesex earlier in the century.

General election 21 January 1689: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
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| Whig | William Pulteney | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Whig | Philip Howard | Elected  | N/A | N/A
| Tory | Roger Langley | Defeated  | N/A | N/A
| Tory | Charles Bonython | Defeated  | N/A | N/A
| Radical | Philip Matthews | Defeated  | N/A | N/A
| Tory | Walter Clarges | Defeated  | N/A | N/A
| Radical | James Dewey | Defeated  | N/A | N/A

* Note (1689): Vote totals unavailable. Matthews and Dewey are described by Henning as radical candidates, but should not be confused with the followers of John Wilkes in the late eighteenth century or the radicals of the nineteenth century.

### Election results (Parliament of Great Britain) 1715–1800

[edit]

General election 24 January 1715: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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| Whig | Edward Wortley-Montagu | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Tory | Thomas Crosse | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
General Election 27 March 1722: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
|
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| Tory | Archibald Hutcheson | 4,024  | 32.7  | N/A
| Tory | John Cotton | 3,853  | 31.4  | N/A
| Whig | William Lowndes | 2,215  | 18.0  | N/A
| Whig | Thomas Crosse | 2,197  | 17.9  | N/A

* Robert Molesworth (W) was proposed but withdrew before the poll.
* Election declared void 6 November 1722.

By-Election 3 December 1722: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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| Whig | Charles Montagu | 4,835  | 30.9  | +30.9
| Whig | George Carpenter | 4,515  | 28.8  | +28.8
| Tory | John Cotton | 3,485  | 22.3  | −9.1
| Tory | Thomas Clarges | 2,827  | 18.1  | +18.1
General election 15 August 1727: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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| Whig | Charles Cavendish | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig | William Clayton | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
General election 22 April 1734: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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| Whig | Charles Wager | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig | William Clayton | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A

* Clayton created an Irish peer as 1st Baron Sundon 2 June 1735

General election 8 May 1741: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
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| Whig | Charles Wager | 3,686  | 27.0  | N/A
| Whig | William Clayton | 3,533  | 25.8  | N/A
| Tory | Edward Vernon | 3,290  | 24.1  | New
| Tory | Charles Edwin | 3,161  | 23.1  | New

* Election declared void 22 December 1741.

By-Election 31 December 1741: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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| Tory | John Perceval | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Tory | Charles Edwin | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
General election 1 July 1747: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Granville Leveson-Gower, Viscount Trentham | 2,873  | 42.3  | N/A
| Whig | Peter Warren | 2,858  | 42.1  | N/A
| Tory | Thomas Clarges | 544  | 8.0  | N/A
| Tory | Thomas Dyke | 514  | 7.6  | N/A

* Trentham appointed a Lord of the Admiralty

By-Election 15 May 1750: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Granville Leveson-Gower, Viscount Trentham | 4,811  | 50.8  | +8.5
| Tory | George Vandeput[15] | 4,654  | 49.2  | +49.2
Majority  | 157  | 1.6  | N/A
| Whig hold | Swing | N/A |

* After a scrutiny the member returned was unchanged and vote totals were amended to Trentham 4,103; Vandeput 3,933.
* Death of Warren 29 July 1752

By-Election 16 January 1753: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
|
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| Whig | Edward Cornwallis | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig hold | Swing | N/A |
General election 20 April 1754: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
|
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| Nonpartisan | Edward Cornwallis | 3,385  | 48.1  | N/A
| Nonpartisan | John Crosse | 3,184  | 45.2  | N/A
| Nonpartisan | James Oglethorpe | 261  | 3.7  | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Charles Sackville | 209  | 3.0  | N/A
General election 25 March 1761: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
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|
|

| Nonpartisan | Edward Cornwallis | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | William Pulteney | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A

* Cornwallis appointed Governor of Gibraltar

By-Election 27 April 1762: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
|
|

| Nonpartisan | Edwin Sandys | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |

* Death of Pulteney 11 February 1763

By-Election 15 March 1763: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
|
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| Nonpartisan | Hugh Percy | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |

* Lord Warkworth became known by the courtesy title of Earl Percy from 1766, when his father was advanced in the peerage from Earl to Duke of Northumberland

General election 16 March 1768: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
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| Nonpartisan | Edwin Sandys | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Hugh Percy | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A

* Succession of Sandys as 2nd Baron Sandys 21 April 1770

By-Election 30 April 1770: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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| Nonpartisan | Robert Bernard | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
General election 26 October 1774: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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|
|
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| Government/Northite | Hugh Percy | 4,994  | 33.8  | N/A
| Government/Northite | Thomas Pelham-Clinton | 4,774  | 32.3  | N/A
| Radical | Hervey Redmond Morres | 2,531  | 17.1  | N/A
| Radical | Charles Stanhope | 2,342  | 15.9  | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Humphrey Cotes | 130  | 0.9  | N/A

* Succession of Percy to his mother's title, as 3rd Baron Percy on 5 December 1776

By-Election 17 December 1776: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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| Nonpartisan | Charles Stanhope | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |

* Succession of Petersham as 3rd Earl of Harrington 1 April 1779

By-Election 20 April 1779: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

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| Nonpartisan | George Capell-Coningsby | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |

* Pelham-Clinton was known by the courtesy title of Earl of Lincoln, following the death of his brother in 1779

General election 10 October 1780: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | George Brydges Rodney | 4,994  | 35.6  | +35.6
| Whig | Charles James Fox | 4,878  | 34.8  | +34.8
| Tory | Thomas Pelham-Clinton | 4,157  | 29.6  | −2.7

* Note: (1780): Poll 21 days; 9,136 voted; party labels. (Source: Stooks Smith)
* Appointment of Fox as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 27 March 1782

By-Election 3 April 1782: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Charles James Fox | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig hold | Swing | N/A |

* Creation of Rodney as 1st Baron Rodney 19 June 1782

By-Election 12 June 1782: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Cecil Wray | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig hold | Swing | N/A |

* Appointment of Fox as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 2 April 1783

By-Election 7 April 1783: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Charles James Fox | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig hold | Swing | N/A |
General election 17 May 1784: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Tory | Samuel Hood | 6,588  | 35.4  | +35.4
| Whig | Charles James Fox | 6,126  | 32.9  | −1.9
| Whig | Cecil Wray | 5,895  | 31.7  | +31.7

* Note (1784): Poll 40 days; 12,301 voted. After a scrutiny the members returned were unchanged and vote totals were amended to the figures as above. Original votes Hood 6,694; Fox 6,234; Wray 5,998. (Source: Stooks Smith)
* Hood and Fox were declared elected 4 March 1785
* Appointment of Hood as a Commissioner of the Admiralty 16 July 1788

By-Election 4 August 1788: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | John Townshend | 6,392  | 53.4  | +53.4
| Tory | Samuel Hood | 5,569  | 46.6  | +11.2
Majority  | 823  | 6.9  | N/A
| Whig gain from Tory | Swing | N/A |

* Note (1788): Poll 15 days. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 2 July 1790: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Charles James Fox | 3,516  | 41.8  | +8.9
| Tory | Samuel Hood | 3,217  | 38.2  | +2.8
| Whig | John Horne Tooke | 1,679  | 20.0  | +20.0

* Note (1790): Poll 15 days. Mr Tooke proposed himself. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 13 June 1796: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Charles James Fox | 5,160  | 40.3  | −1.5
| Tory | Alan Gardner | 4,814  | 37.6  | −0.6
| Whig | John Horne Tooke | 2,819  | 22.0  | +2.1

* Expulsion of Fox from the Privy Council 9 May 1798
* Creation of Gardner as an Irish peer, 1st Baron Gardner 29 December 1800

### Election results (Parliament of the United Kingdom)

[edit]

General election 15 July 1802: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Charles James Fox | 2,671  | 39.3  | −1.0
| Tory | Alan Gardner | 2,431  | 35.8  | −1.9
| Radical | John Graham (Westminster candidate)  | 1,693  | 24.9  | New
Majority  | 4,124  | 10.9  | −4.7
Turnout | 6,795  |  |
| Whig hold | Swing |  |
| Tory hold | Swing |  |

* Note (1802): Poll 9 days. (Source: Stooks Smith)
* Appointment of Fox as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 7 February 1806

By-Election 13 February 1806: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Charles James Fox | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig hold

* Death of Fox 13 September 1806

By-Election 7 October 1806: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Hugh Percy | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig hold
General election 19 November 1806: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Tory | Samuel Hood | 5,478  | 37.2  | +1.4
| Whig | Richard Brinsley Sheridan | 4,758  | 32.3  | −7.0
| Radical | James Paull | 4,481  | 30.5  | +5.6
Majority  | 277  | 1.8  | N/A
Turnout | 14,717  |  |
| Tory hold | Swing |  |
| Whig gain from Radical | Swing |  |

* Note (1806): Poll 15 days; 10,277 voted. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 23 May 1807: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Francis Burdett | 5,134  | 37.0  | +37.0
| Whig | Thomas Cochrane | 3,708  | 26.8  | +26.8
| Whig | Richard Brinsley Sheridan | 2,615  | 18.9  | −13.5
| Tory | John Elliot (Westminster candidate)  | 2,137  | 15.4  | −21.8
| Radical | James Paull | 269  | 1.9  | −28.6
Majority  | 93  | 11.4  | N/A
Turnout | 13,594  |  |
| Whig gain from Tory | Swing |  |
| Whig hold | Swing |  |

* Note (1807): Poll 15 days; 8,622 voted. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 8 October 1812: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Francis Burdett | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig | Thomas Cochrane | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A

* Expulsion of Cochrane from the House of Commons, after being convicted of conspiracy, 5 July 1814

By-Election 16 July 1814: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Thomas Cochrane | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig hold
General election 4 July 1818: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Samuel Romilly | 5,339  | 34.3  | N/A
| Whig | Francis Burdett | 5,238  | 33.7  | N/A
| Tory | Murray Maxwell | 4,808  | 30.9  | New
| Radical | Henry Hunt | 84  | 0.5  | N/A
| Whig | Douglas Kinnaird | 65  | 0.4  | N/A
| Radical | John Cartwright | 23  | 0.2  | N/A
Majority  | 430  | 2.8  | −8.6
Turnout | 15,557  |  |
| Whig hold | Swing |  |
| Whig hold | Swing |  |

* Note (1818): Poll 15 days; 10,277 voted. (Source: Stooks Smith)
* Death of Romilly 2 November 1818

By-Election 3 March 1819: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Tory | George Lamb | 4,465  | 53.38  | +22.47
| Whig | John Hobhouse | 3,861  | 46.2  | +46.2
| Radical | John Cartwright | 38  | 0.5  | +0.3
Majority  | 604  | 7.2  | N/A
Turnout | 8,364  |  |
| Tory gain from Whig | Swing |  |

* Note (1819): Poll 15 days. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 25 March 1820: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Francis Burdett | 5,327  | 36.4  | +2.7
| Whig | John Hobhouse | 4,882  | 33.3  | +33.3
| Tory | George Lamb | 4,436  | 30.3  | −0.6
Majority  | 446  | 3.0  | +0.2
Turnout | 14,645  |  |
| Whig hold | Swing |  |
| Whig hold | Swing |  |

* Note (1820): Poll 15 days; 9,280 voted. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 1826: Westminster (2 seats)  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Francis Burdett | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
| Whig | John Hobhouse | Unopposed  | N/A | N/A
General election 1830: Westminster (2 seats)[2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | Francis Burdett | Unopposed
| Radical | John Hobhouse | Unopposed
| Radical hold
| Radical hold
General election 1831: Westminster (2 seats)[2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | Francis Burdett | Unopposed
| Radical | John Hobhouse | Unopposed
| Radical hold
| Radical hold

* Appointment of Hobhouse as Secretary at War

By-election, February 1832: Westminster[2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | John Hobhouse | Unopposed
| Radical hold
General election 1832: Westminster (2 seats)[10][2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | Francis Burdett | 3,248  | 43.1  | N/A
| Radical | John Hobhouse | 3,214  | 42.6  | N/A
| Radical | De Lacy Evans | 1,076  | 14.3  | N/A
Majority  | 2,138  | 28.3  | N/A
Turnout | 4,453  | 38.5  | N/A
Registered electors | 11,576  |  |
| Radical hold | Swing | N/A |
| Radical hold | Swing | N/A |

* Appointment of Hobhouse as Chief Secretary for Ireland

By-election, 4 April 1833: Westminster[10][2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | John Hobhouse | Unopposed
| Radical hold

* Resignation of Hobhouse, by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, after he left the Ministry in opposition to the House and Window taxes.

By-election, 11 May 1833: Westminster[10][2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | De Lacy Evans | 2,027  | 44.1  | +29.8
| Radical | John Hobhouse | 1,835  | 39.9  | −2.7
| Tory | Bickham Escott | 738  | 16.0  | New
Majority  | 1,097  | 23.8  | −4.5
Turnout | 4,600  | 39.7  | +1.2
Registered electors | 11,576  |  |
| Radical hold | Swing | N/A |
General election 1835: Westminster (2 seats)[10][2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | Francis Burdett | 2,747  | 40.0  | −3.1
| Radical | De Lacy Evans | 2,588  | 37.7  | +23.4
| Conservative | Thomas John Cochrane | 1,528  | 22.3  | N/A
Majority  | 1,060  | 15.4  | −12.9
Turnout | 4,254  | 32.1  | −6.4
Registered electors | 13,268  |  |
| Radical hold | Swing | N/A |
| Radical hold | Swing | N/A |

* Resignation of Burdett to seek re-election on changing parties.

By-election, 12 May 1837: Westminster[10][2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Francis Burdett | 3,567  | 53.9  | +31.6
| Radical | John Temple Leader | 3,052  | 46.1  | −31.6
Majority  | 515  | 7.8  | N/A
Turnout | 6,619  | 43.4  | +11.3
Registered electors | 15,262  |  |
| Conservative gain from Radical | Swing | +31.6  |
General election 27 July 1837: Westminster (2 seats)[10][2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | John Temple Leader | 3,793  | 37.5  | −2.5
| Radical | De Lacy Evans | 3,715  | 36.7  | −1.0
| Conservative | George Murray | 2,620  | 25.9  | +3.6
Majority  | 1,095  | 10.8  | −4.6
Turnout | 6,350  | 41.6  | +9.5
Registered electors | 15,262  |  |
| Radical hold | Swing | −2.2  |
| Radical hold | Swing | −1.4  |
General election 1 July 1841: Westminster (2 seats)[10][2] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Henry John Rous | 3,338  | 33.8  | +7.9
| Radical | John Temple Leader | 3,281  | 33.2  | −4.3
| Radical | De Lacy Evans | 3,258  | 33.0  | −3.7
Majority  | 57  | 0.6  | N/A
Turnout | 6,596  | 47.9  | +6.3
Registered electors | 13,767  |  |
| Conservative gain from Radical | Swing | +7.9  |
| Radical hold | Swing | −4.1  |

* Appointment of Rous as a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty

By-election, 19 February 1846: Westminster[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | De Lacy Evans | 3,843  | 56.9  | −10.7
| Conservative | Henry John Rous | 2,906  | 43.1  | +10.6
Majority  | 937  | 13.8  | N/A
Turnout | 6,749  | 45.6  | −2.3
Registered electors | 14,801  |  |
| Radical gain from Conservative | Swing | −10.7  |
General election 30 July 1847: Westminster (2 seats)[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | De Lacy Evans | 3,139  | 29.1  | −38.5
| Whig | Charles Lushington | 2,831  | 26.3  | N/A
| Whig | Charles Cochrane  | 2,819  | 26.2  | N/A
| Conservative | William Montagu | 1,985  | 18.4  | −16.1
Turnout | 7,185  | 49.3  | +1.4
Registered electors | 14,572  |  |
Majority  | 308  | 2.9  | N/A
| Radical hold | Swing |  |
Majority  | 846  | 7.9  | N/A
| Whig gain from Conservative | Swing |  |

* Note (1847): 14,125 registered (Craig's figure above used for the turnout calculation); 7,185 voted. Evans was classified as a Radical, Lushington and Cochrane as Whigs and Rous as a Tory. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 9 July 1852: Westminster (2 seats)[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | John Shelley | 4,199  | 32.2  | −20.3
| Radical | De Lacy Evans | 3,756  | 28.8  | −0.3
| Conservative | William Montagu | 3,373  | 25.9  | +7.5
| Radical | William Coningham[11] | 1,716  | 13.2  | N/A
Turnout | 6,522 (est)  | 43.8 (est)  | −5.5
Registered electors | 14,883  |  |
Majority  | 443  | 3.4  | −4.5
| Whig hold | Swing | −10.0  |
Majority  | 383  | 2.9  | —
| Radical hold | Swing | −3.9  |
General election 1857: Westminster (2 seats)[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | De Lacy Evans | Unopposed
| Whig | John Shelley | Unopposed
Registered electors | 13,182  |  |
| Radical hold
| Whig hold
General election 1859: Westminster (2 seats)[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | De Lacy Evans | Unopposed
| Liberal | John Shelley | Unopposed
Registered electors | 13,801  |  |
| Liberal hold
| Liberal hold
General election 12 July 1865: Westminster (2 seats)[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Robert Grosvenor | 4,534  | 35.2  | N/A
| Liberal | John Stuart Mill | 4,525  | 35.1  | N/A
| Liberal-Conservative | William Henry Smith | 3,824  | 29.7  | New
Majority  | 701  | 5.4  | N/A
Turnout | 8,354 (est)  | 66.6 (est)  | N/A
Registered electors | 12,546  |  |
| Liberal hold | Swing | N/A |
| Liberal hold | Swing | N/A |

* William Henry Smith described himself as a 'Liberal-Conservative' in support of Liberal prime minister Lord Palmerston.

General election 12 November 1868: Westminster (2 seats)[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Henry Smith | 7,648  | 37.3  | +7.6
| Liberal | Robert Grosvenor | 6,584  | 32.1  | −3.1
| Liberal | John Stuart Mill | 6,284  | 30.6  | −4.5
Majority  | 1,064  | 5.7  | N/A
Turnout | 14,082 (est)  | 74.6 (est)  | +8.0
Registered electors | 18,879  |  |
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +7.6  |
| Liberal hold | Swing | −3.5  |
General election 7 February 1874: Westminster (2 seats)[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Henry Smith | 9,371  | 35.7  | +17.0
| Conservative | Charles Russell | 8,681  | 33.1  | +14.4
| Liberal | Thomas Buxton | 4,749  | 18.1  | −14.0
| Liberal | William Codrington | 3,435  | 13.1  | −17.5
Majority  | 3,932  | 15.0  | +9.3
Turnout | 13,118 (est)  | 66.1 (est)  | −8.5
Registered electors | 19,845  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +16.4  |
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +15.1  |

* Appointment of Smith as First Lord of the Admiralty

By-election, 11 August 1877: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Henry Smith | Unopposed
| Conservative hold
General election 1880: Westminster (2 seats)[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Henry Smith | 9,093  | 29.3  | −6.4
| Conservative | Charles Russell | 8,930  | 28.8  | −4.3
| Liberal | John Morley | 6,564  | 21.2  | +3.1
| Liberal | Arthur Hobhouse | 6,443  | 20.8  | +7.7
Majority  | 2,366  | 7.6  | −7.4
Turnout | 15,515 (est)  | 73.6 (est)  | +7.5
Registered electors | 21,081  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | −4.8  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | −6.0  |

* Resignation of Russell

By-Election 10 February 1882: Westminster[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Algernon Percy | Unopposed
| Conservative hold

* Appointment of Smith as Secretary of State for War

By-Election 29 June 1885: Westminster[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Henry Smith | Unopposed
| Conservative hold

* Constituency reduced to one seat and boundaries changed in the redistribution of 1885

## Election results 1885–1918

[edit]

Decades: |

* 1880s
* 1890s
* 1900s
* 1910s

|

### Elections in the 1880s

[edit]

Beesly General election 1885: Westminster[16] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Burdett-Coutts | 3,991  | 69.7  | +11.6
| Liberal | Edward Spencer Beesly | 1,736  | 30.3  | −11.7
Majority  | 2,255  | 39.4  | +31.8
Turnout | 5,727  | 74.7  | +1.1 (est)
Registered electors | 7,670  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +11.7  |
General election 1886: Westminster[16] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Burdett-Coutts | Unopposed
| Conservative hold

### Elections in the 1890s

[edit]

Jones General election 1892: Westminster[16] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Burdett-Coutts | 3,548  | 64.9  | N/A
| Liberal | Leif Jones | 1,916  | 35.1  | New
Majority  | 1,632  | 29.8  | N/A
Turnout | 5,464  | 68.5  | N/A
Registered electors | 7,971  |  |
| Conservative hold
General election 1895: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Burdett-Coutts | Unopposed
| Conservative hold

### Elections in the 1900s

[edit]

General election 1900: Westminster[17][16] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Burdett-Coutts | 2,715  | 86.1  | N/A
| Ind. Conservative | H.H. Montague-Smith  | 439  | 13.9  | New
Majority  | 2,276  | 72.2  | N/A
Turnout | 3,154  | 42.8  | N/A
Registered electors | 7,367  |  |
| Conservative hold
General election 1906: Westminster[16] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Burdett-Coutts | 3,167  | 60.7  | −25.4
| Liberal | Vere Hobart | 2,054  | 39.3  | New
Majority  | 1,113  | 21.4  | −50.8
Turnout | 5,221  | 69.3  | +26.5
Registered electors | 7,539  |  |
| Conservative hold

### Elections in the 1910s

[edit]

General election January 1910: Westminster  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Burdett-Coutts | 3,917  | 69.1  | +8.4
| Liberal | Vere Hobart | 1,751  | 30.9  | −8.4
Majority  | 2,166  | 38.2  | +16.8
Turnout | 7,284  | 77.8  | +8.5
| Conservative hold | Swing | +8.4  |
General election December 1910: Westminster[18] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Burdett-Coutts | 3,397  | 73.4  | +4.3
| Liberal | Harry de Pass  | 1,228  | 26.6  | −4.3
Majority  | 2,169  | 46.8  | +8.6
Turnout | 7,284  | 63.5  | −14.3
| Conservative hold | Swing | +4.3  |

## See also

[edit]

* List of parliamentary constituencies in London
* Duration of English, British and United Kingdom parliaments from 1660

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Chap. 23. Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885". The Public General Acts of the United Kingdom passed in the forty-eighth and forty-ninth years of the reign of Queen Victoria. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1885. pp. 111–198.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 213–216. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
3. ^ a b "1818". The History of Parliament. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
4. ^ Simkin, John (August 2014). "Francis Burdett". Spartacus Educational. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
5. ^ Cousin, John William (1910), "Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse, 1st Lord", A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature, London: J. M. Dent & Sons, p. 49 - via Wikisource
6. ^ Fisher, David R. (2009). "HOBHOUSE, John Cam (1786-1869)". The History of Parliament. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
7. ^ Barker, George Fisher Russell (1891). "Hobhouse, John Cam" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 27\. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
8. ^ Bloy, Marjorie (2014). "John Cam Hobhouse, Baron Broughton (1786-1869)". A Web of English History. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
9. ^ "Postscript". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette. 11 March 1848. p. 8. Retrieved 13 May 2018 - via British Newspaper Archive.
10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
11. ^ a b c d Baer, Marc (2012). "Stories: Whig, Radical and Tory Westminster 1780–1890". The Rise and Fall of Radical Westminster, 1780–1890 (1st ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 31, 152. ISBN 9781137035295. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
12. ^ a b c Seaber, Luke (2017). Brant, Clare; Saunders, Max (eds.). Incognito Social Investigation in British Literature: Certainties in Degradation (eBook ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 3\. ISBN 9783319509624. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
13. ^ a b c "John Bull". 30 July 1837. pp. 7–9. Retrieved 24 October 2018 - via British Newspaper Archive.
14. ^ "County Chronicle, Surrey Herald and Weekly Advertiser for Kent". 1 August 1837. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 24 October 2018 - via British Newspaper Archive.
15. ^ Betham, William (1803). The Baronetage of England, Or the History of the English Baronets, &c. Vol. 3\. p. 205\. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
16. ^ a b c d e Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
17. ^ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
18. ^ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1972)
* British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
* British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1974)
* The House of Commons 1509–1558, by S.T. Bindoff (Secker & Warburg 1982)
* The House of Commons 1558–1603, by P.W. Hasler (HMSO 1981)
* The House of Commons 1660–1690, by Basil Duke Henning (Secker & Warburg 1983)
* The House of Commons 1715–1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
* The House of Commons 1754–1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
* The House of Commons 1790–1820, by R.G. Thorne (Secker & Warburg 1986)
* The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
* Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832–1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
* Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "W" (part 3)

* v
* t
* e

Historic constituencies in London

1832|

* City of London
* Finsbury
* Greenwich
* Lambeth
* Marylebone
* Southwark
* Tower Hamlets
* Westminster

1868|

* Chelsea
* City of London
* Finsbury
* Greenwich
* Hackney
* Lambeth
* Marylebone
* Southwark
* Tower Hamlets
* Westminster

1885|

* Battersea
* Bermondsey
* Bethnal Green North East
* Bethnal Green South West
* Bow and Bromley
* Brixton
* Camberwell North
* Chelsea
* City of London
* Clapham
* Deptford
* Dulwich
* Finsbury Central
* Finsbury East
* Fulham
* Greenwich
* Hackney Central
* Hackney North
* Hackney South
* Haggerston
* Hammersmith
* Hampstead
* Holborn
* Hoxton
* Islington East
* Islington North
* Islington South
* Islington West
* Kennington
* Kensington North
* Kensington South
* Lambeth North
* Lewisham
* Limehouse
* Marylebone East
* Marylebone West
* Mile End
* Newington West
* Norwood
* Paddington North
* Paddington South
* Peckham
* Poplar
* Rotherhithe
* Southwark West
* St George
* St George's Hanover Square
* St Pancras East
* St Pancras North
* St Pancras South
* St Pancras West
* Stepney
* Strand
* Walworth
* Wandsworth
* Westminster
* Whitechapel
* Woolwich

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