Whanganui (New Zealand electorate)

Electoral district in New Zealand

Whanganui

Single-member constituency
for the New Zealand House of Representatives

Location of Whanganuiwithin Manawatū-Whanganui and Taranaki

Region| Manawatū-Whanganui and Taranaki
Major settlements| Hāwera, Whanganui
Current constituency
Created| 1860
Current MP| Carl Bates
Party| National

Whanganui (known as Wanganui until 1996) is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was first established in 1860 for the 3rd Parliament and has existed continuously since then.

It is held by Carl Bates of the National Party, who won it in the 2023 general election.

## Establishment

[edit]

In the 1860 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of representatives by 12, reflecting the immense population growth since the original electorates were established in 1853. The redistribution created 15 additional electorates with between one and three members, and the Wanganui and Rangitikei electorate was split into two separate electorates: the Rangitikei electorate and the Wanganui electorate, with one member each.[1]

## Population centres

[edit]

The current electorate is based on the urban area of Whanganui, the towns Ōpunake and Hāwera, and smaller centres Kaponga, Eltham, Normanby, Manaia, Patea and Waverley; broadly speaking, the Whanganui and South Taranaki local government districts.

## History

[edit]

Henry Shafto Harrison was the first representative. His 7 February 1861 election was declared invalid. He stood again in the 1861 by-election and was elected again. He then served the electorate until the end of the term in 1866.[2][3]

Harrison, John Bryce and John Garner contested the 1866 election. The nomination meeting was held on Friday, 2 March 1866. Harrison, Bryce and Garner received 51, 102 and 7 votes, respectively, at the election on the following day. Bryce was thus declared elected.[4] Bryce resigned in 1867.[5]

The resulting 6 May 1867 by-election was won by Harrison, and he served until the dissolution of Parliament on 30 December 1870.[2]

Bryce was again elected in the 30 January 1871 election. This time, he served three parliamentary terms until the dissolution in November 1881.[5]

Wanganui became a two-member electorate for the 12 January 1876 election. Apart from Bryce, Julius Vogel was elected, who was later to become Premier. Vogel resigned on 9 September 1876. [6]

The resulting 2 October 1876 by-election was won by William Fox, resulting in his second period of representation of a Whanganui-centred electorate. He served until the end of the term on 15 August 1879.[7]

Bryce and John Ballance won the 1879 election. They both served until the end of the term, with Parliament being dissolved on 8 November 1881. [8]

For the 1881 election, the electorate reverted to being represented by a single member. The election, held on 9 December, was won by William Hogg Watt. He served until the end of the term, with Parliament being dissolved on 27 June 1884.[9]

The 1884 election was once again won by John Ballance. This time, he would serve in three successive Parliaments. He died in office on 27 April 1893 during the 11th Parliament. [8] Ballance formed the Liberal Party after the 1890 election and became its leader, and thus introduced party politics to New Zealand. The Liberal Government of New Zealand would last for 21 years and is the longest serving government in New Zealand's history.

Ballance's death triggered the 1893 by-election, which was held on 13 June and won by Archibald Willis, who was re-elected at the 1893 election a few months later.[10]

Gilbert Carson was successful in the 1896 election. He served one term.[11] He was succeeded by Willis in the 1899 election, who served two more terms for the electorate.[10]

James Thomas Hogan won the 1905 election. He served two terms[12] and was defeated in the 1911 election by Bill Veitch.

Veitch had a long career in the electorate, serving until 1935, when he defeated. He was initially an Independent, but joined the Liberal Party in 1925, and changed to the United Party in 1928.

Joe Cotterill won the electorate in the 1935 election for the Labour Party. He also had a long career, retiring in 1960 from the Wanganui seat.

He was succeeded by his party colleague George Spooner in the 1960 election, who served three terms and was defeated in 1969 election by Bill Tolhurst from the National Party.

Tolhurst served one term and at the 1972 election, the electorate returned to Labour. Russell Marshall served six terms and retired in 1990.

In the 1990 election, Cam Campion secured the seat for National. He retired in 1993 and died two years after that.

The seat returned to Labour again, with Jill Pettis winning the 1993 election. She was the first woman to represent Wanganui. She served four terms, until her defeat in the 2005 election by Chester Borrows of the National Party.[13] Pettis served an additional term as a List MP until 2008. Borrows announced in 2016 that he would not seek reelection at the 2017 general election[14] and the seat was won by Harete Hipango, retaining it for the National Party. She however, was defeated after one term by Labour's Steph Lewis.

Several members (Fox, Vogel and Ballance) became Premier. Terry Heffernan stood in the electorate five times for four parties, from 1981 to 1993.

### Members of Parliament

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at a general election.

Key

Independent Liberal Conservative Liberal–Labour

Independent Labour United Labour United Labour National

#### single-member electorate

[edit]

Election  | Winner

|

1861 election |  | Henry Harrison
1861 by-election
1866 election |  | John Bryce
1867 by-election |  | Henry Harrison (2nd time)
1871 election |  | John Bryce (2nd time)

#### multi-member electorate

[edit]

Election  | Winners

|

1876 election |  | John Bryce  |  | Julius Vogel
1876 by-election |  | William Fox
1879 election |  | John Ballance

#### single-member electorate

[edit]

Election  | Winner

|

1881 election |  | William Watt
1884 election |  | John Ballance (2nd time)
1887 election
1890 election |
1893 by-election |  | Archibald Willis
1893 election
1896 election |  | Gilbert Carson
1899 election |  | Archibald Willis (2nd time)
1902 election
1905 election |  | James Thomas Hogan
1908 election
1911 election |  | Bill Veitch
1914 election |
1919 election |
1922 election |
1925 election
1928 election |
1931 election
1935 election |  | Joe Cotterill
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election |  | George Spooner
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election |  | Bill Tolhurst
1972 election |  | Russell Marshall
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election |  | Cam Campion
1993 election |  | Jill Pettis
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election |  | Chester Borrows
2008 election
2011 election
2014 election
2017 election |  | Harete Hipango
2020 election |  | Steph Lewis
2023 election |  | Carl Bates

### List MPs

[edit]

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election  | Winner

|

1996 election |  | Peter Gresham
2005 election |  | Jill Pettis
2021  |  | Harete Hipango[a]

## Election results

[edit]

### 2023 election

[edit]

2023 general election: Whanganui[15]

Notes:  |

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%  | Party votes  | %  | ±%
| National | Carl Bates | 18,484  | 47.1  | \+  | 14,567  | 36.8  | \+
| Labour | N Steph Lewis | 12,972  | 33.1  | \-  | 11,002  | 27.8  | \-
| NZ First | William Arnold  | 3,139  | 8.0  |  | 4,494  | 11.4  |
| Green | Marion Sanson  | 2,049  | 5.2  | —  | 2,980  | 7.5  |
| ACT | Craig Dredge  | 1,683  | 4.3  | —  | 3,749  | 9.5  | —
| Animal Justice Party | Sandra Kyle  | 402  | 1.0  | —  | 0.3  |  | —
| Māori Party |  | 602  | 1.5  |
| New Zealand Loyal |  | 544  | 1.4  |
| Opportunities |  | 463  | 1.2  |
| NewZeal |  | 315  | 0.8  |
| Legalise Cannabis |  | 214  | 0.5  |
| New Conservatives |  | 105  | 0.3  |
| Freedoms NZ |  | 88  | 0.2  |
| DemocracyNZ |  | 77  | 0.2  |
| Women's Rights |  | 30  | 0.1  |
| Leighton Baker Party |  | 20  | 0.1  |
| New Nation |  | 17  | 0.0  |
Informal votes  | 511  |  |  | 210  |  |
Total valid votes | 39,240  |  |  | 39,576  |  |
| National gain from Labour | Majority | 5512  | 14.1  |  |

### 2020 election

[edit]

2020 general election: Whanganui[16]

Notes:  |

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%  | Party votes  | %  | ±%
| Labour | Steph Lewis | 22,299  | 54.32  | +13.98  | 21,228  | 51.39  | +14.95
| National | N Harete Hipango | 14,108  | 34.37  | -10.54  | 10,828  | 26.21  | -18.52
| Green | Alan Clay  | 1,491  | 3.63  | -1.91  | 2,004  | 4.85  | +0.15
| New Conservative | Johnathan Marshall  | 784  | 1.91  | —  | 690  | 1.67  | +1.42
| Advance NZ | Charlotte Weber  | 773  | 1.88  | —  | 531  | 1.28  | —
| Independent | Hillary Kieft  | 367  | 0.89  | —  |
| Social Credit | Heather Marion Smith  | 188  | 0.46  | —  | 63  | 0.46  | +0.41
| ACT |  | 3,260  | 7.89  | +7.45
| NZ First |  | 1,368  | 3.31  | -6.71
| Opportunities |  | 390  | 0.94  | -0.75
| Māori Party |  | 222  | 0.54  | +0.11
| Legalise Cannabis |  | 198  | 0.48  | +0.07
| ONE |  | 189  | 0.46  | —
| Outdoors |  | 43  | 0.10  | +0.03
| Sustainable NZ |  | 24  | 0.06  | —
| Vision NZ |  | 10  | 0.02  | —
| TEA |  | 5  | 0.01  | —
| Heartland |  | 2  | 0.00  | —
Informal votes  | 1,035  |  |  | 253  |  |
Total valid votes | 41,045  |  |  | 41,308  |  |
| Labour gain from National | Majority | 8,191  | 19.96  | +24.53  |

### 2017 election

[edit]

2017 general election: Whanganui[17]

Notes:  |

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%  | Party votes  | %  | ±%
| National | Harete Hipango | 16,751  | 44.91  | −8.24  | 16,874  | 44.73  | −2.4
| Labour | Steph Lewis | 15,045  | 40.34  | +0.03  | 13,748  | 36.44  | +10.99
| NZ First | Reg Skipworth  | 2,580  | 6.92  | —  | 3,783  | 10.02  | −1.9
| Green | Nicola Patrick  | 2,067  | 5.54  | —  | 1,775  | 4.70  | −2.49
| ACT | Alan Davidson  | 294  | 0.79  | +0.07  | 168  | 0.44  | −0.03
| Opportunities |  | 639  | 1.69  | —
| Māori Party |  | 162  | 0.43  | −0.15
| Legalise Cannabis |  | 154  | 0.41  | −0.13
| Conservative |  | 94  | 0.25  | −4.75
| Ban 1080 |  | 56  | 0.15  | −0.01
| Outdoors |  | 25  | 0.07  | —
| People's Party |  | 23  | 0.06  | —
| United Future |  | 23  | 0.06  | −0.15
| Democrats |  | 20  | 0.05  | −0.11
| Mana |  | 12  | 0.03  | −0.7[b]
| Internet |  | 7  | 0.02  | −0.71[c]
Informal votes  | 560  |  |  | 161  |  |
Total valid votes | 37,297  |  |  | 37,724  |  |
| National hold | Majority | 1,706  | 4.57  | −8.27  |

### 2014 election

[edit]

2014 general election: Whanganui[18]

Notes:  |

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%  | Party votes  | %  | ±%
| National | Y Chester Borrows | 18,649  | 53.15  | -0.54  | 16,687  | 47.13  | -0.43
| Labour | Hamish McDouall | 14,144  | 40.31  | +2.80  | 9,012  | 25.45  | -1.96
| Conservative | Kim MacIntyre  | 872  | 2.49  | +2.49  | 1,771  | 5.00  | +1.77
| Māori Party | Nancy Tuaine  | 610  | 1.74  | +1.74  | 205  | 0.58  | +0.13
| ACT | Alan Daniel Davidson  | 252  | 0.72  | +0.29  | 167  | 0.47  | -0.61
| Democrats | Heather Marion Smith  | 208  | 0.59  | +0.20  | 57  | 0.16  | +0.01
| NZ First |  | 4,221  | 11.92  | +2.39
| Green |  | 2,546  | 7.19  | -1.77
| Internet Mana |  | 259  | 0.73  | +0.49
| Legalise Cannabis |  | 190  | 0.54  | -0.01
| United Future |  | 75  | 0.21  | -0.24
| Ban 1080 |  | 56  | 0.16  | +0.16
| Civilian |  | 22  | 0.06  | +0.06
| Focus |  | 14  | 0.04  | +0.04
| Independent Coalition |  | 13  | 0.04  | +0.04
Informal votes  | 350  |  |  | 112  |  |
Total valid votes | 35,085  |  |  | 35,407  |  |
| National hold | Majority | 4,505  | 12.84  | -3.34  |

### 2011 election

[edit]

2011 general election: Whanganui[19]

Notes:  |

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%  | Party votes  | %  | ±%
| National | Y Chester Borrows | 16,743  | 53.69  | -2.61  | 15,151  | 47.56  | +1.25
| Labour | Hamish McDouall | 11,697  | 37.51  | -0.10  | 8,733  | 27.41  | -8.10
| Green | John Milnes  | 1,444  | 4.63  | +0.19  | 2,855  | 8.96  | +3.68
| NZ First | Ian Brougham  | 1,043  | 3.34  | +3.34  | 3,035  | 9.53  | +4.39
| ACT | Alan Daniel Davidson  | 135  | 0.43  | -0.56  | 345  | 1.08  | -1.99
| Democrats | Heather Marion Smith  | 121  | 0.39  | -0.28  | 47  | 0.15  | -0.07
| Conservative |  | 1,030  | 3.23  | -+3.23
| Māori Party |  | 225  | 0.71  | -0.29
| Legalise Cannabis |  | 176  | 0.55  | +0.21
| United Future |  | 143  | 0.45  | -0.20
| Mana |  | 75  | 0.24  | +0.24
| Libertarianz |  | 22  | 0.07  | +0.02
| Alliance |  | 21  | 0.07  | -0.02
Informal votes  | 616  |  |  | 235  |  |
Total valid votes | 31,183  |  |  | 31,858  |  |
| National hold | Majority | 5,046  | 16.18  | -2.51  |

Electorate (as at 11 November 2011): 43,350[20]

### 2008 election

[edit]

2008 general election: Whanganui[21]

Notes:  |

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%  | Party votes  | %  | ±%
| National | Y Chester Borrows | 19,072  | 56.30  |  | 15,869  | 46.30  |
| Labour | Hamish McDouall | 12,739  | 37.61  |  | 12,170  | 35.51  |
| Green | John Milnes  | 1,503  | 4.44  |  | 1,809  | 5.28  |
| ACT | Alan Davidson  | 336  | 0.99  |  | 1,052  | 3.07  |
| Democrats | Heather Marion Smith  | 225  | 0.66  |  | 73  | 0.21  |
| NZ First |  | 1,761  | 5.14  |
| Māori Party |  | 342  | 1.00  |
| Progressive |  | 253  | 0.74  |
| Bill and Ben |  | 249  | 0.73  |
| United Future |  | 224  | 0.65  |
| Kiwi |  | 186  | 0.54  |
| Legalise Cannabis |  | 116  | 0.34  |
| Family Party |  | 91  | 0.27  |
| Alliance |  | 28  | 0.08  |
| Libertarianz |  | 18  | 0.05  |
| Workers Party |  | 16  | 0.05  |
| Pacific |  | 10  | 0.03  |
| RONZ |  | 3  | 0.01  |
| RAM |  | 2  | 0.01  |
Informal votes  | 304  |  |  | 162  |  |
Total valid votes | 33,875  |  |  | 34,272  |  |
| National hold | Majority | 6,333  |  |  |

### 2005 election

[edit]

2005 general election: Whanganui[22]

Notes:  |

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%  | Party votes  | %  | ±%
| National | Chester Borrows | 15,846  | 49.28  | +9.70  | 13,417  | 41.13  |
| Labour | N Jill Pettis | 13,444  | 41.81  | -4.56  | 13,045  | 39.99  |
| Green | John Milnes  | 1,171  | 3.64  |  | 1,466  | 4.49  |
| United Future | David Ball  | 502  | 1.56  |  | 885  | 2.71  |
| Māori Party | Aaron Makutu  | 429  | 1.33  |  | 265  | 0.841  |
| Progressive | Debbie Lucas  | 371  | 1.15  |  | 448  | 1.37  |
| One NZ | Ian Brougham  | 214  | 0.67  |  | 52  | 0.16  |
| Democrats | Malcolm Murchie  | 175  | 0.54  |  | 68  | 0.21  |
| NZ First |  | 2,185  | 6.70  |
| ACT |  | 296  | 0.91  |
| Destiny |  | 282  | 0.86  |
| Legalise Cannabis |  | 68  | 0.21  |
| Christian Heritage |  | 62  | 0.19  |
| Alliance |  | 31  | 0.10  |
| 99 MP |  | 18  | 0.06  |
| Libertarianz |  | 16  | 0.05  |
| Family Rights |  | 7  | 0.02  |
| RONZ |  | 7  | 0.02  |
| Direct Democracy |  | 6  | 0.02  |
Informal votes  | 376  |  |  | 144  |  |
| National gain from Labour | Majority | 2,402  | 7.47  | +14.26  |

### 1999 election

[edit]

Refer to Candidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#Whanganui for a list of candidates.

### 1993 election

[edit]

1993 general election: Wanganui[23] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Jill Pettis | 7,399  | 36.62  | +5.58
| National | Gael Donoghue  | 4,028  | 19.93  |
| NZ First | Terry Heffernan | 3,621  | 17.92  | −11.36
| Independent | Cam Campion | 2,525  | 12.49  | −20.55
| Alliance | Fred Frederiske  | 2,253  | 11.15  |
| Christian Heritage | J Rush  | 378  | 1.87  |
Majority  | 3,371  | 16.68  |
Turnout | 20,204  | 85.56  | −1.17
Registered electors | 23,612  |  |

### 1990 election

[edit]

1990 general election: Wanganui[24] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National | Cam Campion | 6,751  | 33.04  |
| Labour | Jill Pettis | 6,342  | 31.04  |
| Democrats | Terry Heffernan | 5,983  | 29.28  | −5.58
| Green | Terry Sarten  | 762  | 3.72  |
| NewLabour | M Blakely  | 446  | 2.18  |
| Social Credit | G Butler  | 123  | 0.60  |
| Independent | C Fackney  | 22  | 0.10  |
Majority  | 409  | 2.00  |
Turnout | 20,429  | 86.73  | −4.59
Registered electors | 23,554  |  |

### 1987 election

[edit]

1987 general election: Wanganui[25] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Russell Marshall | 7,548  | 36.05  | −10.67
| Democrats | Terry Heffernan | 7,300  | 34.86  | +5.76
| National | Allan Anderson  | 6,089  | 29.08  |
Majority  | 248  | 1.18  | −15.13
Turnout | 20,937  | 91.32  | −1.48
Registered electors | 22,925  |  |

### 1984 election

[edit]

1984 general election: Wanganui[25] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Russell Marshall | 10,391  | 46.72  | +6.28
| Social Credit | Terry Heffernan | 6,473  | 29.10  | −3.47
| National | Sue Westwood  | 4,579  | 20.58  |
| NZ Party | Ian David Harrex  | 751  | 3.37  |
| Independent | T L Sullivan  | 47  | 0.21  |
Majority  | 3,918  | 17.61  | +9.75
Turnout | 22,241  | 92.80  | +2.53
Registered electors | 23,965  |  |

### 1981 election

[edit]

1981 general election: Wanganui[25] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Russell Marshall | 8,572  | 40.44  | −6.33
| Social Credit | Terry Heffernan | 6,904  | 32.57  |
| National | Jennifer Tolhurst  | 5,719  | 26.98  |
Majority  | 1,668  | 7.86  | −7.09
Turnout | 21,195  | 90.27  | +15.50
Registered electors | 23,477  |  |

### 1978 election

[edit]

1978 general election: Wanganui[25] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Russell Marshall | 9,703  | 46.77  | +0.15
| National | John Rowan  | 6,601  | 31.82  | −8.57
| Social Credit | Oliver Marks  | 3,956  | 19.07  | +9.38
| Values | Ross Holmes  | 449  | 2.16  |
| Independent | T L Sullivan  | 34  | 0.16  | +0.08
Majority  | 3,102  | 14.95  | +8.73
Turnout | 20,743  | 74.77  | −13.27
Registered electors | 27,741  |  |

### 1975 election

[edit]

1975 general election: Wanganui[25] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Russell Marshall | 9,313  | 46.62  | −7.75
| National | John Rowan  | 8,069  | 40.39  |
| Social Credit | Oliver Marks  | 1,937  | 9.69  |
| Values | Roger Angus  | 541  | 2.70  |
| Christian Democratic | Tom Fouhy  | 100  | 0.50  |
| Independent | T L Sullivan  | 16  | 0.08  | −0.19
Majority  | 1,244  | 6.22  | −9.45
Turnout | 19,976  | 88.04  | −4.04
Registered electors | 22,689  |  |

### 1972 election

[edit]

1972 general election: Wanganui[25] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Russell Marshall | 9,987  | 54.37  |
| National | Bill Tolhurst | 7,108  | 38.70  | −9.34
| Social Credit | J S Humphreys  | 1,168  | 6.35  | −2.73
| New Democratic | R A Dowdie  | 53  | 0.28  |
| Independent | T L Sullivan  | 50  | 0.27  | +0.09
Majority  | 2,879  | 15.67  |
Turnout | 18,366  | 92.08  | +0.72
Registered electors | 19,944  |  |

### 1969 election

[edit]

1969 general election: Wanganui[26] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National | Bill Tolhurst | 8,233  | 48.04  |
| Labour | George Spooner | 7,274  | 42.44  | +0.59
| Social Credit | J S Humphreys  | 1,557  | 9.08  |
| Independent | D M Lewis  | 40  | 0.23  |
| Independent | T L Sullivan  | 32  | 0.18  |
Majority  | 959  | 5.59  |
Turnout | 17,136  | 91.36  | +1.34
Registered electors | 18,755  |  |

### 1966 election

[edit]

1966 general election: Wanganui[26] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | George Spooner | 6,499  | 41.85  | −4.42
| National | John Grace  | 5,591  | 36.01  | −1.56
| Social Credit | Percival John Dempsey  | 3,206  | 20.64  | +4.50
| Christian Democratic | D G Tumery  | 233  | 1.50  |
Majority  | 908  | 5.84  | −2.86
Turnout | 15,529  | 90.02  | −3.01
Registered electors | 17,249  |  |

### 1963 election

[edit]

1963 general election: Wanganui[26] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | George Spooner | 7,430  | 46.27  | +6.11
| National | John Grace  | 6,033  | 37.57  |
| Social Credit | Percival John Dempsey  | 2,593  | 16.14  |
Majority  | 1,397  | 8.70  | +7.65
Turnout | 16,056  | 93.03  | +0.51
Registered electors | 17,258  |  |

### 1960 election

[edit]

1960 general election: Wanganui[26] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | George Spooner | 6,071  | 40.16  |
| National | E J Crotty  | 5,911  | 39.10  |
| Social Credit | Roly Marks | 3,132  | 20.72  | −1.71
Majority  | 160  | 1.05  |
Turnout | 15,114  | 92.52  | −2.12
Registered electors | 16,335  |  |

### 1957 election

[edit]

1957 general election: Wanganui[26] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Joe Cotterill | 6,550  | 43.49  | +5.05
| National | Alice Kathleen Maclean  | 5,131  | 34.07  |
| Social Credit | Roly Marks | 3,378  | 22.43  | −2.96
Majority  | 1,419  | 9.42  | +7.13
Turnout | 15,059  | 94.64  | +3.29
Registered electors | 15,911  |  |

### 1954 election

[edit]

1954 general election: Wanganui[26] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Joe Cotterill | 5,115  | 38.44  | −12.41
| National | Jack Rumbold  | 4,810  | 36.15  |
| Social Credit | Roly Marks | 3,378  | 25.39  |
Majority  | 305  | 2.29  | +0.59
Turnout | 13,303  | 91.35  | +2.43
Registered electors | 14,562  |  |

### 1951 election

[edit]

1951 general election: Wanganui[26] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Joe Cotterill | 6,779  | 50.85  | −2.89
| National | Ernest Victor O'Keefe  | 6,553  | 49.15  | +2.89
Majority  | 226  | 1.70  | −5.76
Turnout | 13,332  | 88.92  | −2.93
Registered electors | 14,993  |  |

### 1949 election

[edit]

1949 general election: Wanganui[27] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Joe Cotterill | 7,336  | 53.74  | −3.31
| National | Ernest Victor O'Keefe  | 6,317  | 46.26  |
Majority  | 1,019  | 7.46  | −6.62
Turnout | 13,653  | 91.85  | −0.84
Registered electors | 14,863  |  |

### 1946 election

[edit]

1946 general election: Wanganui[28] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Joe Cotterill | 7,833  | 57.05  | +8.00
| National | Eric Merewether  | 5,899  | 42.95  |
Majority  | 1,934  | 14.08  | +3.78
Turnout | 13,732  | 92.69  | −4.00
Registered electors | 14,814  |  |

### 1943 election

[edit]

1943 general election: Wanganui[29] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Joe Cotterill | 6,691  | 49.05  | −15.34
| National | Eric James Kirk  | 4,254  | 31.18  |
| Real Democracy | Roly Marks | 1,722  | 12.62  |
| Democratic Labour | Sydney Duffy  | 832  | 6.09  |
Informal votes  | 142  | 1.04  | +0.58
Majority  | 2,437  | 17.86  | +11.38
Turnout | 13,641  | 96.69  | +1.95
Registered electors | 14,107  |  |

### 1938 election

[edit]

1938 general election: Wanganui[30] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Joe Cotterill | 8,630  | 64.39  | +18.09
| National | Henry Charles Veitch  | 4,710  | 35.14  | +3.70
Informal votes  | 62  | 0.46  | −0.20
Majority  | 3,920  | 29.24  | +14.38
Turnout | 13,402  | 94.74  |
Registered electors | 14,145  |  |

### 1935 election

[edit]

1935 general election: Wanganui[31] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Joe Cotterill | 4,887  | 46.66  |
| Democrat | Bill Veitch | 3,318  | 31.68  | −21.39
| Reform | Norman Rhind Bain  | 1,754  | 16.74  |
| Independent Liberal | James Thomas Hogan | 524  | 5.00  |
Informal votes  | 61  | 0.58  | +0.06
Majority  | 1,569  | 14.98  |
Turnout | 10,473  | 91.59  | +8.41
Registered electors | 11,434  |  |

### 1931 election

[edit]

1931 general election: Wanganui[32] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| United | Bill Veitch | 5,096  | 53.07  | +5.52
| Labour | Bill Rogers | 4,506  | 46.93  | +19.79
Majority  | 590  | 6.14  | −14.26
Informal votes  | 50  | 0.52  | −0.05
Turnout | 9,652  | 83.18  | −4.55
Registered electors | 11,604  |  |

### 1928 election

[edit]

1928 general election: Wanganui[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| United | Bill Veitch | 4,979  | 47.55  | +4.28
| Labour | Bill Rogers | 2,842  | 27.14  | +4.80
| Reform | N. G. Lewis  | 2,650  | 25.31  |
Majority  | 2,137  | 20.41  | +11.52
Informal votes  | 60  | 0.57  | −0.11
Turnout | 10,531  | 87.73  | −4.09
Registered electors | 12,004  |  |

### 1925 election

[edit]

1925 general election: Wanganui[34] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Bill Veitch | 4,339  | 43.27  | −8.12
| Reform | John Coull[35] | 3,448  | 34.39  |
| Labour | Bill Rogers | 2,240  | 22.34  |
Majority  | 891  | 8.89  | −2.96
Informal votes  | 69  | 0.68  | −0.06
Turnout | 10,096  | 91.82  | +0.83
Registered electors | 10,996  |  |

### 1922 election

[edit]

1922 general election: Wanganui[36] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Bill Veitch | 4,648  | 51.39  | −0.77
| Reform | John Coull  | 3,576  | 39.54  |
| Labour | James Ross  | 752  | 8.31  |
Informal votes  | 67  | 0.74  | −0.18
Majority  | 1,072  | 11.85  | −8.61
Turnout | 9,043  | 90.99  | +11.88
Registered electors | 9,938  |  |

### 1919 election

[edit]

1919 general election: Wanganui[37] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent Labour | Bill Veitch | 4,340  | 52.16  | +9.98
| Reform | William J. Cuttle  | 2,637  | 31.69  |
| Labour | Lew McIlvride | 1,266  | 15.21  |
Informal votes  | 77  | 0.92  | −0.03
Majority  | 1,703  | 20.46  | +9.67
Turnout | 8,320  | 79.21  | −5.27
Registered electors | 10,503  |  |

### 1914 election

[edit]

1914 general election: Wanganui[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| United Labour | Bill Veitch | 3,330  | 42.18  | −15.81
| Independent | Frederick Pirani | 2,478  | 31.39  |
| Liberal–Labour | James Thomas Hogan | 2,086  | 26.42  | −15.27
Informal votes  | 75  | 0.95  | +0.64
Majority  | 852  | 10.79  | −5.50
Turnout | 7,894  | 84.48  | +4.49
Registered electors | 9,344  |  |

### 1911 election

[edit]

1911 general election: Wanganui, first ballot[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent Labour | Bill Veitch | 2,295  | 31.01  |
| Liberal–Labour | James Thomas Hogan | 2,220  | 30.00  | −15.85
| Reform | George Hutchison | 1,690  | 22.84  | −5.53
| Independent | Charles Mackay | 1,117  | 15.09  | −10.69
Informal votes  | 51  | 0.68  |
Turnout | 7,399  | 83.40  | +5.34
Second ballot result
| Independent Labour | Bill Veitch | 4,115  | 57.99  | +26.98
| Liberal–Labour | James Thomas Hogan | 2,959  | 41.69  | +11.69
Informal votes  | 22  | 0.31  | −0.37
Majority  | 1,156  | 16.29  |
Turnout | 7,096  | 79.99  | −3.41
Registered electors | 8,871  |  |

### 1908 election

[edit]

1908 general election: Wanganui, first ballot[40] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal–Labour | James Thomas Hogan | 3,041  | 45.85  |
| Conservative | George Hutchison | 1,882  | 28.37  |
| Independent | Charles Mackay | 1,710  | 25.78  |
Majority  | 1,159  | 17.47  |
Turnout | 6,633  | 78.06  |
Registered electors | 8,497  |  |
Second ballot result
| Liberal–Labour | James Thomas Hogan | 3,602  | 54.30  | +8.46
| Conservative | George Hutchison | 2,860  | 43.12  | 14.74
Majority  | 742  | 11.19  | −6.29
Turnout | 6,462  | 76.05  | −2.01
Registered electors | 8,497  |  |

### 1899 election

[edit]

1899 general election: Wanganui[41][42] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Archibald Willis | 2,878  | 55.83  |
| Conservative | Gilbert Carson | 2,169  | 42.08  |
| Independent Liberal | John Michael Murphy  | 108  | 2.10  |
Majority  | 709  | 13.75  |
Turnout | 5,155  | 80.53  |
Registered electors | 6,401  |  |

### 1893 by-election

[edit]

1893 Wanganui by-election[43] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Archibald Willis | 1,031  | 62.37  |
| Conservative | Gilbert Carson | 622  | 37.62  |
Majority  | 409  | 24.74  |
Turnout | 1,653  |  |

### 1890 election

[edit]

1890 general election: Wanganui[44] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | John Ballance | 808  | 50.85  | −15.95
| Conservative | Gilbert Carson | 781  | 49.15  | +15.95
Majority  | 27  | 1.69  | −31.9
Turnout | 1,589  | 75.20  | −4.19
Registered electors | 2,113  |  |

### 1887 election

[edit]

1887 general election: Wanganui[45] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent | John Ballance | 865  | 66.80  |
| Independent | Gilbert Carson | 430  | 33.20  |
Majority  | 435  | 33.59  |
Turnout | 1,295  | 79.39  |
Registered electors | 1,631  |  |

### 1884 election

[edit]

1884 general election: Wanganui[46] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent | John Ballance | 541  | 60.11  | +10.36
| Independent | George Hutchison | 205  | 22.77  |
| Independent | William Hogg Watt | 154  | 17.11  | −33.14
Majority  | 336  | 37.33  | 2.69
Turnout | 900  | 66.86  |
Registered electors | 1,346  |  |

### 1881 election

[edit]

1881 general election: Wanganui[47] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent | William Hogg Watt | 397  | 50.25  |
| Independent | John Ballance | 393  | 49.75  | −18.28
Majority  | 4  | 0.50  |
Turnout | 790  | 64.17  | +4.44
Registered electors | 1,231  |  |

### 1879 election

[edit]

1879 general election: Wanganui[48] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent | John Bryce | 560  | 69.65  |
| Independent | John Ballance | 547  | 68.03  |
| Independent | Sir William Fox | 501  | 62.31  |
Majority  | 46  | 5.72  |
Turnout | 804  | 59.73  |
Registered electors | 1,346  |  |

### 1876 by-election

[edit]

1876 Wanganui by-election[49] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent | William Fox | 256  | 60.81  |
| Independent | John Morgan  | 165  | 39.19  |
Turnout | 421  |  |
Majority  | 91  | 21.62  |

### 1867 by-election

[edit]

1867 Wanganui by-election[50] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Independent | Henry Shafto Harrison | 143  | 57.66  |
| Independent | William Hutchison | 105  | 42.34  |
Turnout | 248  |  |
Majority  | 38  | 15.32  |

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Hipango entered Parliament on 11 June 2021, following the resignation of Nick Smith.
2. ^ 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
3. ^ 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election

## References

[edit]

1. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 32f.
2. ^ a b Scholefield 1925, p. 100.
3. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 203.
4. ^ "The Wanganui Election". Wellington Independent. Vol. XXI, no. 2331\. 6 March 1866. p. 4. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
5. ^ a b Scholefield 1925, p. 81.
6. ^ Scholefield 1925, pp. 142–143.
7. ^ Scholefield 1925, p. 94.
8. ^ a b Scholefield 1925, p. 77.
9. ^ Scholefield 1925, p. 145.
10. ^ a b Scholefield 1925, p. 147.
11. ^ Scholefield 1925, p. 84.
12. ^ Scholefield 1925, p. 103.
13. ^ "Hon Chester Borrows". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
14. ^ Moir, Jo (29 November 2016). "In hindsight National's Chester Borrows says he "could have had more fights" as an MP". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
15. ^ "Official Count Results -- Whanganui". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
16. ^ "Official Count Results -- Whanganui". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
17. ^ "Official Count Results -- Whanganui". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
18. ^ 2014 election results
19. ^ 2011 election results
20. ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
21. ^ 2008 election results
22. ^ 2005 election results
23. ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993.
24. ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
25. ^ a b c d e f Norton 1988, pp. 385.
26. ^ a b c d e f g Norton 1988, pp. 384.
27. ^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
28. ^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
29. ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
30. ^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
31. ^ The General Election, 1935. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
32. ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
33. ^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 5. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
34. ^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 3. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
35. ^ "Local and General News". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXII, no. 19163\. 31 October 1925. p. 12. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
36. ^ The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. 1923. p. 2. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
37. ^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
38. ^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
39. ^ "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
40. ^ AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 30.
41. ^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
42. ^ "Electoral District of Wanganui". Wanganui Chronicle. Vol. XLIII, no. 1500\. 5 December 1899. p. 3. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
43. ^ "Wanganui Election". Woodville Examiner. Vol. VIII, no. 2054\. 12 June 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
44. ^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
45. ^ "The General Election, 1887". National Library. 1887. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
46. ^ Cooper, G. S. (1884). The General Election, 1884. National Library. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
47. ^ Cooper, G. S. (1882). Votes Recorded for Each Candidate. Government Printer. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
48. ^ "Wanganui Election". Wanganui Herald. Vol. XII, no. 9507\. 6 September 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
49. ^ "Local and General". The Oamaru Mail. 3 October 1876.
50. ^ "Wanganui". Wellington Independent. 4 May 1867.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Mansfield, F. W. (1909). The General Election, 1908. National Library. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
* McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
* Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
* Scholefield, Guy (1925) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record (2nd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
* Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

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[edit]

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