White House Visitors Office

Responsible for public tours and events

A June 1994 tour group exits the White House.

The White House Visitors Office is responsible for public tours of the White House, for maintaining a facility where the public can obtain information about the White House, and for other White House events such as the Easter Egg Roll, holiday open houses, spring and fall garden tours, state arrival ceremonies, and other special events.

The White House Visitor Center, which is managed and operated by the National Park Service, is located within President's Park at the north end of the Herbert C. Hoover Building (the Department of Commerce headquarters) between 14th Street and 15th Street on Pennsylvania Avenue NW, in Federal Triangle. Since September 11, 2001, it no longer serves as a starting point for those going on a reserved tour of the White House. Instead, the various exhibits within it provide an alternative visitor experience for those not able to go on a tour. The themes of the six permanent exhibits are "First Families", "Symbols and Images", "White House Architecture", "White House Interiors", "Working White House", and "Ceremonies and Celebrations". Other exhibits change throughout the year. It houses a small bookstore operated by the White House Historical Association.

The visitors office is located in the East Wing of the White House and employed seven people at the start of the 2000s.[1] Its role has been unique in that, up to 2001, the White House was the only home of a head of state that was regularly open to the public at no cost.[1] The director of the White House Visitors Office has been termed in media accounts as "the most powerful person in Washington that you've never heard of."[2]

## Early history

[edit]

Historically, the White House has offered tours to the general public. During the Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Franklin D. Roosevelt administrations, the general public could see the ground floor hallways and the East Room.[3] Those who had been given a special card given by a United States senator could additionally see the three state parlors on the first floor—Green Room, Blue Room, and Red Room—as well as the State Dining Room.[3]

The White House was closed during U.S. participation in World War II.[3] Upon reopening in November 1946, the Truman administration decided to open all the aforementioned areas to all tour visitors, no senator needed.[3] But as would always be the case, the real working areas of the White House, such as the Oval Office, were not included on tours, nor were upper floor residential areas. A schedule was established: tours took place between 10:00 and noon, Tuesday through Saturday, with desiring visitors lining up outside the East Gate.[4] About a half million people a year visited, until the operation was shut down in November 1948 for a major renovation of the entire structure.[3]

Tours were restarted in April 1952.[5] In charge of them at that time was the chief usher of the White House.[3]

Tours were suspended following the November 22, 1963, assassination of John F. Kennedy, but based upon the request of Jacqueline Kennedy, were resumed seven days later.[6]

## Tickets and methods

[edit]

The line to get same-day tour tickets stretched a long way around in June 1994, with the Washington Monument looming in the early morning distance.

In 1976 during the United States Bicentennial, long waits in line and a whole morning spent were commonplace due to large numbers in Washington, and a color-coded ticket distribution system was put in place.[7] The system was put in place for good beginning in May 1977.[7]

White House tours were often in high demand. By 1981,[8] a director of the White House Visitor Center was in charge of the operation. During the early 1980s, as many as 6,000 visitors were accommodated each day, with just as many turned away.[8] Special pleas for tours coming from Washington officials had to be dealt with frequently.[8] In 1981, there was a dispute between First Lady Nancy Reagan and New York U.S. representative Thomas Downey over his free tickets privileges having been suspended.[9] During the early 1980s recession, White House tours remained fully booked even when other Washington attractions saw declining attendance;[10] the Visitor Center continued to process well over one million visits a year.[10] White House Visitors Office personnel are constantly caught between trying to satisfy demands and expectations for tours and events, and preserving the dignity of the presidential office and setting.[1]

The White House Visitor Office is also in charge of assorted White House special events, such as the annual White House Easter Egg Roll, in the South Lawn, the State Arrival Ceremony for visiting heads of state, and a national Christmas celebration.[8][11]

The Egg Roll in particular is an important function of the office; as one former director of the office stated, "It's the single most high-profile event that takes place at the White House each year, and the White House and the first lady are judged on how well they put it on."[12] Carol McCain, director of the White House Visitors Office from 1981 to 1987, added participatory activities and doubled the size of the crowds attending the Easter Egg Roll.[13] Later, director Ellie Schafer and First Lady Michelle Obama changed the Egg Roll procedure to have a lottery system for gaining access and to allow more people to participate.[2] The lack of a director of the office in time for the April 2017 Egg Roll was seen as symptomatic of the disorganization of the incoming Donald Trump Administration of that time.[12]

In April 1995 the current White House Visitor Center facility was opened in the Herbert C. Hoover Building, two blocks from the White House.[14] The daily tour ticket distribution place was moved there,[15] with exhibits meant to spend the time until one's tour slot had come about.[14] The yearly run rate for visitors was now at 1.25 million, with as always demand exceeding supply.[14] By 1997, ticket scalping was a persistent problem, with scalpers getting from $5 to $50 a throw.[15]

Early in the George W. Bush administration, White House officials cracked down on commercialized tours trying to get into the building as well as people late getting to their tour slot.[16] Comparison were made against the more lenient policies of the Clinton administration.[16]

On July 22, 2012, the main White House Visitor Center facility closed for an extensive renovation process with the goal of including new exhibit galleries, interactive exhibits and improved visitor services. On July 28, a temporary visitor center opened near the Ellipse Visitor Pavilion at the intersection of 15th and E Street and it remained open until the main visitor center reopened on September 13, 2014.[17][18]

## In the wake of September 11

[edit]

Interior of the White House Visitors Center, April 2007. First Lady of the United States Laura Bush stands next to 51 State Eggs decorated by artists from each state and D.C.

Tours were suspended in the wake of the September 11 attacks due to terrorism concerns. In September 2003 they were resumed on a limited basis for groups making prior arrangements through their congressional representatives and submitting to background checks. They were again suspended in March 2013 during the Obama administration, due to the effects of the ongoing budget sequestration, but were resumed again in November 2013.[19]

Presently, a tour of the White House must be arranged through a member of Congress. Reservations may be made a maximum of six months ahead of time, and the White House encourages tours be submitted as close to six months in advance as possible as tours are filled on a first-come, first-served basis. The approval and reservation system was modernized under the Obama administration.[2]

Anyone aged 14 or older who is offered a tour must undergo a background check. This requires providing personal information, including name, date of birth, Social Security number, and country of citizenship.

Tours are available from 7:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Tuesday through Thursday, 7:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Fridays and Saturdays (excluding federal holidays or unless otherwise noted).[20] Tour hours will be extended when possible based on the official White House schedule. They are self-guided and free of charge. Tours are subject to last-minute cancellation.

The process used to screen potential visitors for tours has come under fire due to concerns of identity theft that can affect potential visitors.[21] Concerns include that those who apply to be visitors must provide their personal information to congressional offices, who request this information via e-mail, and in turn, send the information via e-mail to the White House. The e-mail format that is used in this process is susceptible to interception.

## Directors of the White House Visitors Office

[edit]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (June 2017)

|

Name | Term | Ref.

|
|

Michael J. Farrell | 1974–1977  | [22]
Nancy Willing | 1977–1979  | [23][24]
Carol McCain | 1981–1987  | [8][13][25]
Debra Romash | 1989–1992  | [26]
Melinda N. Bates | 1993–2001  | [12]
Clare Pritchett | 2001–2004  | [16][27]
Sara Armstrong | 2004–2007  | [28]
Amy Allman  | 2007–2009  | [29][30]
Ellie Schafer | 2009–2016  | [31][12]
Daniel Fisher  | 2017–2019  | [32]
Dana Hurtik | 2019–2021  | [33]

## See also

[edit]

* White House visitor logs

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Patterson, Bradley H. Jr. (2001). The White House Staff: Inside the West Wing and Beyond. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0-8157-6951-2. p. 400
2. ^ a b c McCormick, Kelley. "The Most Powerful Person in Washington That You've Never Heard Of". Capitol File. Archived from the original on April 27, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
3. ^ a b c d e f Furman, Bess (1952-05-11). "What a Tour of the New White House Includes". The New York Times.
4. ^ Copeland, George H (1948-02-08). "Doing the Capitol: Visitors Flock to Washington to Watch Congress in Action and See the Sights". The New York Times.
5. ^ "White House Tours to Resume April 22: Public Inspection of Lower Mansion to Be Allowed After More Than Three Years". The New York Times. 1952-04-09.
6. ^ "White House Tours to Reopen". The New York Times. United Press International. 1963-11-28.
7. ^ a b "White House Tours to Require a Ticket". The New York Times. Associated Press. 1977-05-29.
8. ^ a b c d e Gamarekian, Barbara (1981-08-30). "White House Tour Leader Courted and Criticized". The New York Times.
9. ^ Weisman, Steven R (1981-06-20). "Truce, Of Sorts, On White House Tours". The New York Times.
10. ^ a b "White House Remains Ever Popular". The New York Times. 1982-09-02.
11. ^ Naedele, Walter F (1986-11-18). "O'Neill is Weighing an Invitation For Post as Bicentennial Spokesman". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
12. ^ a b c d Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (April 11, 2017). "The Latest Test for the White House? Pulling Off Its Easter Egg Roll". The New York Times.
13. ^ a b Radcliffe, Donnie (1986-12-30). "Christmas Card Presidents". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 1, 2013.
14. ^ a b c Molotsky, Irvin (1995-04-02). "A Visitors' Center For White House Tours". The New York Times.
15. ^ a b "White House Access, for Just $5". The New York Times. 1997-08-03.
16. ^ a b c Sciolino, Elaine (2001-05-13). "Rules on Visitors Recast By Bush's White House". The New York Times.
17. ^ "White House Visitor Center Renovation". July 18, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
18. ^ "White House Visitor Center Reopens Saturday, September 13, 2014". Retrieved September 11, 2014.
19. ^ Eilperin, Julie (November 5, 2013). "As White House tours resume, the Obamas surprise visitors with a personal welcome". The Washington Post.
20. ^ whitehouse.gov
21. ^ "White House Tours Could Lead To Identity Theft". WBAL-TV. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2016-10-11.
22. ^ "Michael J. Farrell Files". www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
23. ^ "White House Stopping All Afternoon Tours". The New York Times. UPI. March 17, 1977. p. 31.
24. ^ "Tourists keep coming to visit White House". The Times-News. Twin Falls, Idaho. UPI. May 29, 1979. p. 1 - via Newspapers.com.
25. ^ Naedele, Walter F (February 19, 1987). "Bicentennial Group Adds, Loses Staff". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
26. ^ "Alumni Who Have Served in the Office of President or Vice President · News · Lafayette College". news.lafayette.edu. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
27. ^ "2004 White House Office Staff List - Alphabetical". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
28. ^ "Sara Armstrong, Former Director of the White House Visitors Office". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved 11 September 2018 - via National Archives.
29. ^ "Amy Allman, Director, White House Visitors Office". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved 2008-06-16 - via National Archives.
30. ^ "Revolving Door: Amy Allman Dean Employment Summary - OpenSecrets". www.opensecrets.org. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
31. ^ Gordon, Rachel (2009-01-28). "San Franciscan in the White House". sfgate.com. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
32. ^ www.whitehouse.gov
33. ^ www.whitehouse.gov

## External links

[edit]

* Historical tour of the White House
* Visiting the White House
* FAQs about White House tours

38°52′48″N 76°59′05″W﻿ / ﻿38.8799°N 76.9846°W﻿ / 38.8799; -76.9846

* v
* t
* e

Federal Triangle

Buildings|

* Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium
* Department of Labor Building
* Federal Trade Commission Building
* Herbert C. Hoover Building
* Internal Revenue Service Building
* John A. Wilson Building
* National Archives Building
* National Children's Museum
* Old Post Office
* Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
* Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center
* White House Visitors Office
* William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building

Public art|

* Andrew W. Mellon Memorial Fountain
* Bearing Witness
* Federal Triangle Flowers
* Guardianship
* Heritage
* Man Controlling Trade
* Past
* Present
* Statue of Alexander Robey Shepherd
* Statue of Nathan Hale

Related|

* Federal Triangle station
* Murder Bay

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

White House

* Official residence of the President of the United States (1800–1814; 1817–1948; 1952–present)
* Camp David (1938–present)
Samuel Osgood House (1789–1790)
* Alexander Macomb House (1790)
* President's House (1790–1800)
Germantown White House (1793–1794)
* The Octagon House (1814–1815)
* Seven Buildings (1815–1817)
* Blair House (1948–1952)

Executive
Residence|

| Basement|

* Chief Floral Designer

|

Ground floor|

* China Room
* collection
* Office of the Curator
* Diplomatic Reception Room
* Library
* Map Room
* Vermeil Room

State floor|

* Blue Room
* Cross Hall
* East Room
* Entrance Hall
* Family Dining Room
* Grand Staircase
* Green Room
* Red Room
* State Dining Room
* Chief Usher

Second floor|

* Center Hall
* East Sitting Hall
* Lincoln Bedroom
* Lincoln Sitting Room
* President's Bedroom
* President's Dining Room
* Queens' Bedroom
* Queens' Sitting Room
* Treaty Room
* Truman Balcony
* West Sitting Hall
* Yellow Oval Room

Roof|

* Flagpole
* Solar panels

West Wing|

* Cabinet Room
* Executive Office
* Oval Office
* desk
* call button
* clock
* Oval Office Study
* Press Briefing Room
* Roosevelt Room
* Situation Room

East Wing|

* Office of the First Lady
* Graphics and Calligraphy Office
* Presidential Emergency Operations Center
* White House Family Theater
* Social Secretary
* Visitors Office
* White House Military Office

Grounds|

* The Ellipse
* Jacqueline Kennedy Garden
* Lafayette Square
* Andrew Jackson statue
* Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben statue
* Comte de Rochambeau statue
* Tadeusz Kościuszko statue
* Marquis de Lafayette statue
* Navy Yard Urns
* St. John's Church
* North Lawn
* President's Park
* Rose Garden
* Floor Frame
* South Lawn
* Horseshoe pit
* Putting green
* Swimming pool
* Tennis and basketball court
* White House to Treasury Building tunnel
* White House vegetable garden

Annex|

* Eisenhower Executive Office Building
* New Executive Office Building
* White House Conference Center
* Blair House
* Peter Parker House
* Trowbridge House
* Presidential Townhouse

Nearby
streets|

* Constitution Avenue
* East Executive Avenue
* H Street NW
* Jackson Place
* Madison Place
* Pennsylvania Avenue
* West Executive Avenue

Related|

* Artwork
* Christmas Tree
* Reconstruction
* Replicas
* Security breaches
* Solar power at the White House
* White House Historical Association
* Decatur House
* whitehouse.gov
* President's House, Ninth Street, Philadelphia
* New York City Government House

* v
* t
* e

Executive Office of the United States President

Executive Office|

* Advisory Boards (Council for Community Solutions, Corporation for National and Community Service, Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, President's Intelligence Advisory Board, President's Management Advisory Board)
* Council of Economic Advisers
* Council on Environmental Quality
* DOGE Service
* Executive Residence (Committee for the Preservation of the White House, Office of the Curator, Office of the Chief Usher, Office of the Chief Floral Designer, Office of the Executive Chef, Graphics and Calligraphy Office)
* National Space Council
* National Security Council (Deputies Committee)
* Homeland Security Council
* Office of Administration (Office of Mail and Messenger Operations, Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Office of the Chief Administrative Officer)
* Office of Management and Budget (Office of the Chief Performance Officer, Office of E-Government and Information Technology, Office of Federal Financial Management, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs)
* Office of National Drug Control Policy
* Office of Science and Technology Policy (Office of the Chief Technology Officer, National Science and Technology Council)
* Office of the Trade Representative (Trade Representative)
* Office of the Vice President (Office of the Chief of Staff)

White House Office|

* Office of Cabinet Affairs
* Office of the Chief of Staff (Office of Senior Advisors)
* Office of Communications (Office of Media Affairs, Office of Research, Office of the Press Secretary, Office of Speechwriting)
* Counsel
* Counselor to the President
* Office of Digital Strategy
* Domestic Policy Council (Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, White House Faith Office, Office of National AIDS Policy, Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation, Rural Council)
* Fellows
* First Lady (Office of the Social Secretary)
* Office of the National Security Advisor (Homeland Security Advisor)
* Gun Violence Prevention
* Intergovernmental Affairs
* Legislative Affairs
* Management and Administration (White House Operations, White House Personnel, Visitors Office)
* National Economic Council
* National Trade Council
* Oval Office Operations (Personal Secretary)
* Office of Political Affairs
* Presidential Innovation Fellows
* Presidential Personnel
* Public Engagement (Council on Women and Girls, Jewish Liaison, Urban Affairs)
* Scheduling and Advance
* Staff Secretary (Executive Clerk, Presidential Correspondence, Office of Records Management)
* Military Office (Communications Agency, Medical Unit, Presidential Food Service, Transportation Agency)

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template