Wildlife of Cyprus

Cyprus flora and fauna

Male Cypriot mouflon Cyprus wheatear Troodos lizard Cyprus water frogs Female Persian blue damselfly

The wildlife of Cyprus includes its flora and fauna and their natural habitats. Cyprus has a rich flora and a diverse fauna albeit with relatively few mammals. Like most modern countries, the natural habitats in Cyprus have been steadily disappearing, currently retaining only 20% of its original habitat due to rapid urbanization, usage of forests for commercial purposes, tourism and various other reasons.[1] One of the features of Cyprus' habitats is the wild and sharp differences in elevations and habitats on the island as well as climate, all of which supply a diverse habitat for an array of fauna and flora.[2] Terra Cypria was established as a trust in 1992 to conserve the Cypriot environment and its biodiversity.[3]

## Fauna[edit]

### Amphibians[edit]

Main article: List of amphibians of Cyprus

The fauna of Cyprus has four amphibians.

### Birds[edit]

Main article: List of birds of Cyprus

Cyprus also has over 380 species of bird due to being on migration routes between Africa, Europe and western Asia including Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae), flamingo and the imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca). There are two endemic species of songbirds, the Cyprus warbler (Sylvia melanothorax) and the Cyprus wheatear (Oenanthe cypriaca). Both only breed on the island of Cyprus and migrate south to overwinter.[4]

### Mammals[edit]

Main article: List of mammals of Cyprus

Cyprus is currently home to 21 known mammals, of which three are endangered.[5] The largest wild animal and mammal currently residing in Cyprus is the endemic Cypriot mouflon. Other notable mammals are the large endangered Mediterranean monk seal[6] and the endemic Cypriot mouse, which is the only remaining endemic rodent on the Mediterranean islands.[7] During the Late Pleistocene, the Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus, the Cyprus dwarf elephant and a species of genet (Genetta plesictoides) were also native to the island, but became extinct at the beginning of the Holocene, following the arrival of humans to Cyprus.[8]

### Reptiles[edit]

Main article: List of reptiles of Cyprus

Most of the reptiles of Cyprus are harmless, and non-venomous such as the Cyprus whip snake (Hierophis cypriensis) and the European blind snake (Typhlops vermicularis). Other snakes, European cat snake (Telescopus fallax) and Montpellier snake (Malpolon monspessulanus) are nominally venomous, but neither aggressive nor particularly dangerous. In contrast, the Cyprian blunt-nosed viper, (Macrovipera lebetina lebetina), though not aggressive, is a large, front-fanged viper. Its bite is dangerous even to large mammals, including people.[9] Three of the reptile species on Cyprus, including Macrovipera lebetina, are endangered.[5]

Cyprus has several species of lizards and a few species of turtles such as loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta).

### Arachnids[edit]

Cyprus has an especially wide array of arachnids with around 60 species of spiders, including such spectacular spiders as the European tarantula (Lycosa tarantula).[10]

## Flora[edit]

The flora of Cyprus contains about 1800 species, of which circa 128 are endemic.[1] The flora also include invasive species such as prickly pears and the yellow oxalis.

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b "Cyprus Mediterranean forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
2. ^ World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001). "Cyprus Ecoregion profile". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
3. ^ Sparrow, David J; Sparrow, Rosalyn & De Knijf, Geert, in: Sparrow, David J. and John, Eddie (Eds.) (2016). An Introduction to the Wildlife of Cyprus. Terra Cypria. ISBN 978-9963-601-45-5.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ^ "RSPB Mass killing continues on British military base in Cyprus". BirdGuides. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
5. ^ a b "Biodiversity and Protected Areas - Cyprus" (PDF). EarthTrends. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-29. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
6. ^ "Animal Info - Cyprus". Animal Info. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
7. ^ Wagner, Thomas (October 13, 2006). "'Living fossil' mouse found on Cyprus". North County Times. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
8. ^ Athanassiou, Athanassios; van der Geer, Alexandra A.E.; Lyras, George A. (August 2019). "Pleistocene insular Proboscidea of the Eastern Mediterranean: A review and update". Quaternary Science Reviews. 218: 306–321. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.028.
9. ^ Atatür, M. K and Göçmen, B. (2001). Amphibians and Reptiles of Northern Cyprus (1st Edition), Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi, No. 170, Ege Üniversitesi Basimevi, Bornova-Izmir, 63 pp. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
10. ^ Norman, Alix. "The world of the Cypriot spider". Cyprus Mail. Retrieved 16 March 2016.

* v
* t
* e

Wildlife of Asia

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* East Timor (Timor-Leste)
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

* v
* t
* e

Wildlife of Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

* v
* t
* e

Cyprus articles

History|

| Prehistoric|

* Alasiya
* Eteocypriot
* Cypro-Minoan syllabary
* Cypriot syllabary

|

Ancient|

* Neo-Assyrian Empire
* Ten city-kingdoms
* Achaemenid Persian Empire
* Ionian Revolt
* Ptolemaic dynasty
* Roman Cyprus
* Kitos War

Medieval|

* Byzantine Cyprus
* Arab Empire
* Crusades
* Kingdom
* Venetian rule

Modern|

* Ottoman rule
* Cyprus Convention
* British Cyprus
* Governors
* Post-1878 overview
* Enosis
* Taksim
* Intercommunal violence
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* Turkish invasion
* Refugees
* Cyprus dispute
* Cypriot S-300 crisis
* Annan Plan
* EU accession

Geography|

* Cities, towns and villages
* Climate
* Districts
* Earthquakes
* Islands
* Lakes
* Mountains
* Rivers
* Wildlife

Politics|

* Chief Justice
* Constitution
* Corruption
* Cyprus dispute
* Northern Cyprus
* UN resolutions
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Human rights
* LGBT rights
* Military
* Chief
* Police
* Political parties
* President

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Banks
* Energy
* Stock Exchange
* Telecommunications
* Tourism
* Trade unions
* Transport
* 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis

Society|

* Cypriot nationality law
* Languages
* Education
* Health
* COVID-19 pandemic and Deltacron hybrid variant
* Name
* Poverty
* Public holidays
* Religion

Culture|

* Art
* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Wine
* Literature
* Media
* Music
* Sport
* World Heritage Sites

Demographics|

* Greek Cypriots
* diaspora
* Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus
* Turkish Cypriots
* Linobambaki
* diaspora
* Settlers from Turkey
* Armenian Cypriots
* Maronite Cypriots

Symbols|

* Anthem
* Coat of arms
* Flag

* Outline
* Index

* Category
* Portal

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template