William John Patterson

6th Premier of Saskatchewan (1935–1944)

For other people with the same name, see William Patterson (disambiguation).

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The Honourable

William John Patterson

10th Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan
In office
June 25, 1951 – February 3, 1958
Monarchs| George VI
Elizabeth II
Governors General| The Viscount Alexander of Tunis
Vincent Massey
Premier| Tommy Douglas
Preceded by| John Michael Uhrich
Succeeded by| Frank Lindsay Bastedo
6th Premier of Saskatchewan
In office
November 1, 1935 – July 10, 1944
Monarchs| George V
Edward VIII
George VI
Lieutenant Governor| Hugh Edwin Munroe
Archibald Peter McNab
Preceded by| James G. Gardiner
Succeeded by| Tommy Douglas
Leader of the Opposition
In office
July 10, 1944 – August 6, 1946
Preceded by| John Brockelbank
Succeeded by| Walter Tucker
MLA for Pipestone
In office
June 9, 1921 – June 19, 1934
Preceded by| Richard James Phin
Succeeded by| Riding abolished
MLA for Cannington
In office
June 19, 1934 – April 2, 1949
Preceded by| Samson Wallace Arthur
Succeeded by| Rosscoe Arnold McCarthy
Personal details
Born| May 13, 1886
Grenfell, District of Assiniboia, North-West Territories
Died| June 10, 1976(1976-06-10) (aged 90)
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Political party| Liberal

William John Patterson (May 13, 1886 – June 10, 1976) was a Liberal politician and the sixth premier of Saskatchewan from 1935 to 1944. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in the 1921 election. He succeeded James G. Gardiner to become the province's first Saskatchewan-born premier.

Patterson's leadership was considered to be uninspired.[according to whom?] He was unable to resist the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation's rise to power in the 1944 election under Tommy Douglas. Patterson's Liberals were reduced to five seats in the Legislature. He resigned as Liberal leader in 1946.

Patterson served as the tenth lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan from 1951 to 1958, becoming the first person to have been both premier and lieutenant governor of the province.

## Early life

[edit]

Paterson was born on May 13, 1886, in Grenfell in what was then the District of Assiniboia of the North-West Territories. His father, John Patterson, had moved to Grenfell in 1882 to work as a railway section foreman during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. His mother, Catherine Fraser, was an immigrant from Scotland.

Patterson left school at 15 and found work first at a bank and then in the Saskatchewan Department of Telephones. Following the outbreak of World War I, Patterson in 1916 enlisted in the Canadian Army, serving as a cavalry officer. He was wounded in September 1918.

Upon his return to Saskatchewan after the war, he studied law in Grenfell under lawyer G.C. Neff and then moved to Windthorst, Saskatchewan to set up a financial and insurance agency.

## Politics

[edit]

Patterson ran in the Saskatchewan general election of 1921, as the Saskatchewan Liberal Party's candidate for the constituency of Pipestone. Patterson won the district and took his seat in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.[1] Patterson held several cabinet positions in governments headed by Premier James Garfield Gardiner. He was reelected in the 1925 election and the 1929 election, but in the latter case, the Liberals lost the election and so Patterson moved to the Opposition. In the 1934 election, the Liberals returned to power, and Patterson returned to cabinet.

In 1935, Premier Gardiner left provincial politics to become Canadian Minister of Agriculture under Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. Patterson was elected as Gardiner's successor as leader of the Liberal Party of Saskatchewan and Premier of Saskatchewan. Taking office in the midst of the Great Depression, Patterson sought to extend social programs to assist those in need. His government increased funding for education, enacted pension and debt relief legislation, and expanded public funding for treatment of tuberculosis, cancer, and polio.

However, Patterson subscribed to the conventional wisdom of the day that deficit spending would ruin the province's credit and he thus therefore refused to run a budget deficit, instead funding the increased government spending through a new sales tax. His government also passed legislation making it easier to form credit unions, permitting the formation of unions, and increasing labour standards.

Patterson won re-election in the 1938 election and continued to serve as premier. In the 1944 election, however, the Liberals were easily defeated by the Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, under the leadership of Tommy Douglas. Patterson served as Leader of the Opposition until 1946, when he resigned as Liberal leader. He remained a Member of the Legislative Assembly and was a candidate in the 1948 election, and was re-elected as the member from Cannington.

Following his resignation, Patterson took up a position with the federal Board of Transport Commissioners.

Patterson during his time as Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan

In 1951, Patterson was appointed as the first Saskatchewan-born Lieutenant Governor. He served in this post until 1958. Upon Patterson's retirement, Douglas introduced special legislation to provide Patterson with a pension to thank for his many years of service to the province.

Patterson then lived quietly in retirement until his death in Regina, on June 10, 1976.[2]

## Electoral record

[edit]

### Saskatchewan general elections, 1938 and 1944

[edit]

#### 1938 General election

[edit]

For more detailed tables of election results, see 1938 Saskatchewan general election.

For information about the 9th Legislature, 1938 to 1944, see 9th Saskatchewan Legislature.

Patterson led the Liberals in the general election of 1938. He won a solid majority government. The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation under George Hara Williams came in second place and continued as the Official Opposition.

Saskatchewan General Election: June 8, 1938 Party | Leaders | Seats Won | Popular Vote | Popular Vote
Percentage

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | William John Patterson1 | 38 | 200,334 | 45.45%
| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | George Hara Williams2 | 10 | 82,529 | 18.73%
| Social Credit | Joseph Needham | 2 | 70,084 | 15.90%
| Unity | - | 2 | 9,848 | 2.24%
| Conservative | John Diefenbaker | 0 | 52,315 | 11.87%
| Independent Labour | - | 0 | 12,039 | 2.73%
| Labour Progressive | - | 0 | 8,514 | 1.93%
| Independent | - | 0 | 4,023 | 0.91%
| Independent Conservative | - | 0 | 828 | 0.19%
| Independent Social Credit | - | 0 | 228 | 0.05%
Total | 52 | 440,742 | 100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1938

1 Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

#### 1944 General election

[edit]

For more detailed tables of election results, see 1944 Saskatchewan general election.

For information about the 10th Legislature, 1944 to 1948, see 10th Saskatchewan Legislature.

Provincial elections are normally held between four and five years after the previous election, but this election was delayed because of World War II. Patterson again led the Liberals in the general election of 1944, but this time was soundly defeated by Tommy Douglas and the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.

Saskatchewan General Election: June 15, 1944 Party | Leaders | Seats Won | Popular Vote | Popular Vote
Percentage

|
|
|
|

| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Tommy Douglas1 | 47 | 211,364 | 53.13%
| Liberal | William John Patterson2 | 5 | 140,901 | 35.42%
| Progressive Conservative | Rupert Ramsay | 0 | 42,511 | 10.69%
| Labour Progressive | - | 0 | 2,067 | 0.52%
| Independent | - | 0 | 705 | 0.18%
| Social Credit | Joseph Needham | 0 | 249 | 0.06%
| Independent Liberal | - | 0 | 5 | 0.00%3
Total | 52 | 397,802 | 100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1944

1 Member of the federal Parliament until shortly before the election was called; Premier after election.
2 Premier when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.
3 Rounds to zero.

### Saskatchewan constituency elections

[edit]

Patterson stood for election to the Legislative Assembly eight times, in two different ridings, Pipestone and Cannington. He was elected once by acclamation and seven times in contested elections. Although he normally won by healthy pluralities or majorities, in one case, 1944, he won by only six votes.[3]

#### 1921 General election: Pipestone

[edit]

Saskatchewan General Election, June 9, 1921: Pipestone Party  | Candidate | Popular Vote | %

|
|
|

| Liberal | E William John Patterson | 1,624 | 47.95%
| Independent | Thomas Harkness | 1,530 | 45.17%
| Independent | Allan Brown Potter | 233 | 6.88%
Total | 3,387 | 100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[3]

E Elected.

#### 1925 General election: Pipestone

[edit]

Saskatchewan General Election, June 2, 1925: Pipestone Party  | Candidate | Popular Vote | %

|
|
|

| Liberal | E X William John Patterson | 2,046 | 64.52%
| Progressive | Elias Parmlee St. John | 1,125 | 35.48%
Total | 3,171 | 100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[3]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

#### 1926 By-election: Pipestone

[edit]

Provincial Ministerial By-Election, March 18, 1926: Pipestone Party | Candidate | Popular Vote | %

|
|
|

| Liberal | E X William John Patterson | Acclaimed | -
Total | - | -
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[3]

The by-election was called on Patterson accepting the position of Provincial Treasurer in the Cabinet of Premier Gardiner, an office of profit under the Crown, on February 26, 1926.
E Elected.
X Incumbent.

#### 1929 General election: Pipestone

[edit]

Saskatchewan General Election, June 6, 1929: Pipestone Party  | Candidate | Popular Vote | %

|
|
|

| Liberal | E X William John Patterson | 2,507 | 58.34%
| Conservative | Frederick Gore Leggett | 1,790 | 41.66%
Total | 4,297 | 100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[3]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

#### 1934 General election: Cannington

[edit]

Saskatchewan General Election, June 19, 1934: Cannington Party  | Candidate | Popular Vote | %

|
|
|

| Liberal | E William John Patterson | 4,222 | 49.97%
| Farmer–Labour | Donald Kenneth Cameron | 2,152 | 25.47%
| Conservative | X Samson Wallace Arthur | 2,075 | 24.56%
Total | 8,449 | 100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[3]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

#### 1938 General election: Cannington

[edit]

Saskatchewan General Election, June 8, 1938: Cannington Party  | Candidate | Popular Vote | %

|
|
|

| Liberal | E X William John Patterson | 4,473 | 56.26%
| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Gladys Strum | 3,477 | 43.74%
Total | 7,950 | 100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[3]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

#### 1944 General election: Cannington

[edit]

Saskatchewan General Election, June 15, 1944: Cannington Party  | Candidate | Popular Vote | %

|
|
|

| Liberal | E X William John Patterson | 3,210 | 45.20%
| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Gladys Strum | 3,204 | 45.12%
| Progressive Conservative | William Armstrong Brigden | 687 | 9.67%
Total | 7,101 | 99.99%1
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[3]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.
1 Rounding error.

#### 1948 General election: Cannington

[edit]

Saskatchewan General Election, June 24, 1948: Cannington Party  | Candidate | Popular Vote | %

|
|
|

| Liberal | E X William John Patterson | 4,687 | 54.44%
| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Ralph Hjertaas | 3,422 | 39.75%
| Social Credit | Peter Franchuk | 500 | 5.81%
Total | 8,609 | 100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[3]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Saskatchewan Election Results By Electoral Division" (PDF). Saskatchewan Archives Board. December 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
2. ^ "William John Patterson | the Canadian Encyclopedia".
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division.

## External links

[edit]

* William John Patterson, Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

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