Windsor Framework

2023 agreement between the EU and UK

Rishi Sunak and Ursula von der Leyen in Windsor on 27 February 2023 to announce the finalised deal Part of a series of articles on

Brexit

Withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union

* * *

Glossary of terms

Background

* European Communities Act
* 1975 EC membership referendum
* UK rebate
* Bruges speech
* No. No. No.
* Maastricht Rebels
* Black Wednesday
* European Union (Amendment) Act 2008
* European Union Act 2011
* UK opt-outs from EU legislation
* Euroscepticism in the UK
* UK opinion polling on EU membership
* Campaigns for a referendum
* People's Pledge
* Labour for a Referendum
* Bloomberg speech
* In or Out
* 2013–14 EU (Referendum) Bill (unsuccessful)
* 2014 European Parliament election
* 2014 UK Parliament by-elections
* Clacton
* Heywood and Middleton
* Rochester and Strood
* 2015 UK general election
* 2015–16 EU membership renegotiation

2016 referendum

* EU Referendum Act (Gibraltar)
* EU Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations
* EU Referendum (Conduct) Regulations
* Issues
* Endorsements
* Opinion polling
* UK Government pro-EU leaflet

* * *

Campaigns

Leave campaigns

* Vote Leave (official)
* Business for Britain
* Conservatives for Britain
* BeLeave
* Leave.EU
* Bpoplive
* The Freedom Association
* Better Off Out
* Grassroots Out
* Labour Leave
* Get Britain Out
* Bruges Group
* Campaign for an Independent Britain
* Brexit: The Movie

Remain campaigns

* Britain Stronger in Europe (official)
* Labour In for Britain
* European Movement UK
* Britain in Europe
* British Influence
* Business for New Europe
* Nucleus
* Project Fear

* * *

Outcome

* Results
* Causes for result
* International reactions
* Immediate aftermath
* 2016 Conservative Party election
* 2016 Labour Party election
* 2016 UKIP election
* Department for Exiting the EU
* Department for International Trade
* Allegations of unlawful campaigning
* Alleged Russian interference

Notice of withdrawal

* Article 50 process
* Miller case (Article 50)
* EU (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017
* Brexit plan
* Repeal Bill plan
* 2017 UK general election

Negotiations

* Negotiation positions
* EU negotiation mandate
* Chequers agreement
* Timeline: 2017, 2018, 2019
* 2019 European Parliament election
* 2019 UK general election

Withdrawal agreement

* Brexit divorce bill
* Fish for finance
* Irish backstop
* No-deal Brexit
* Northern Ireland Protocol
* Northern Ireland Protocol Bill
* Windsor Framework

Legislation

* Withdrawal Act 2018 (Gibraltar)
* Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018
* Cooper–Letwin Act
* Benn Act
* 2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs
* Public Vote Bill (not passed)
* Terms of Withdrawal Bills (not passed)
* Scottish EU Continuity Bill (blocked)
* Withdrawal Agreement Act (Gibraltar)
* Scottish EU Continuity Act
* Internal Market Act
* EU (Future Relationship) Act
* Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Act

Impact

* Impact on the Irish border
* Good Friday Agreement
* Impact on the EU
* Economic effects
* Effects on Gibraltar
* Scientific cooperation
* Effects on popular culture
* Retained EU law
* 2021 Jersey dispute

EU–UK relations

* Relations pre- and post-Brexit
* EU–UK trade negotiation
* EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA)
* Partnership Council
* Partnership Assembly

* * *

Relations with EU member states

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Ireland–UK border
* British–Irish Council
* North/South Ministerial Council
* Italy
* Lithuania
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Spain
* Status of Gibraltar
* Gibraltar–Spain border
* Sweden

* * *

* Conjectured EEA membership

Opposition

* Post-referendum opinion polling
* New initiatives
* Change Britain
* More United
* Open Britain
* The New European
* Unite to Remain
* Led By Donkeys
* Revoke Article 50 petition
* Postcards from the 48%
* Proposed second Scottish independence referendum

* * *

Calls for a second referendum

* People's Vote
* Britain for Europe
* European Movement UK
* For our Future's Sake
* Healthier IN the EU
* InFacts
* Open Britain
* Our Future Our Choice
* Scientists for EU
* Other organisations
* Best for Britain
* Bollocks to Brexit
* Change UK
* Liberal Democrats
* Right to Vote

Timeline

|  Bloomberg speech|  Jan 2013

|

Referendum Bill blocked| Jan 2014
European Parliament election|  May 2014
2015 general election|  May 2015
Renegotiation begins|  Jun 2015
Referendum Act passed|  Dec 2015
Renegotiation concluded|  Feb 2016
Referendum held|  Jun 2016
David Cameron resigns as PM|  Jul 2016
Theresa May becomes PM|  Jul 2016
Article 50 judgement|  Jan 2017
Brexit plan presented| Feb 2017
Notification Act passed|  Mar 2017
Article 50 invoked|  Mar 2017
Repeal Bill plan presented| Mar 2017
2017 general election|  Jun 2017
Brexit negotiations begin|  Jun 2017
Withdrawal Act passed| Jun 2018
Chequers plan presented|  Jul 2018
Withdrawal agreement plan presented|  July 2018
Withdrawal agreement released|  Nov 2018
Scottish Continuity Bill blocked| Dec 2018
Meaningful votes|  Jan–Mar 2019
Brexit delayed until 12 April|  Mar 2019
Cooper–Letwin Act passed|  Apr 2019
Brexit delayed until 31 October|  Apr 2019
European Parliament election|  May 2019
Theresa May resigns as PM|  Jul 2019
Boris Johnson becomes PM|  Jul 2019
Prorogation and annulment|  Aug–Sep 2019
Benn Act passed|  Sep 2019
Withdrawal agreement revised|  Oct 2019
Brexit delayed until 31 January|  Oct 2019
2019 general election|  Dec 2019
Agreement Act passed|  Jan 2020
UK leaves the European Union|  Jan 2020
Implementation period begins|  Jan 2020
UK–EU trade deal agreed|  Dec 2020
Future Relationship Act passed|  Dec 2020
Scottish Continuity Act passed|  Dec 2020
Implementation period ends|  Dec 2020
New EU–UK relationship begins|  Jan 2021
UK–EU trade deal ratified|  Apr 2021
Windsor Framework released|  Feb 2023
Windsor framework adopted|  Mar 2023

* EU portal
* UK portal

* v
* t
* e

The Windsor Framework is a post-Brexit legal agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom which adjusts the operation of the Northern Ireland Protocol. The Framework was announced on 27 February 2023, formally adopted by both parties on 24 March 2023[1] and came into effect on 1 October 2023.[2] The UK Government announced plans for revisions to the Framework's operation in January 2024.[3]

The Framework was negotiated to address political concerns in the UK and especially among Ulster Unionists about the Northern Ireland Protocol.[4] Under the terms of the Protocol, Northern Ireland, unlike the rest of the UK, remains in the EU single market for goods.[5] This puts in place a de facto Irish Sea trade border for goods moving to Northern Ireland from Great Britain.[6][a] The Framework changes aspects of the Protocol's operation, particularly to ease custom checks on goods arriving from Great Britain. It gives UK government more control over VAT rates applying in Northern Ireland and states that medicines placed on the market in Northern Ireland will be regulated by the UK and not the EU. It gives the Northern Ireland administration and UK government a mechanism to object to, pause, and potentially disapply updated and amended EU laws, mainly concerning goods.[7]

Following the Framework's announcement, Ulster Unionist politicians, while stating that the Framework was an improvement on the original implementation of the Protocol, remained concerned that the nature of Northern Ireland's participation in the UK Internal Market was diminished by the Protocol's very existence.[8] These concerns were a key factor in the refusal of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), from February 2022, to allow the operation of the Northern Ireland Assembly, thus suspending devolved government in Northern Ireland.[9] In January 2024 the UK Government and DUP reached agreement on proposed revisions to the Framework's operation, the end of the DUP boycott, and thereby the restoration of devolved government.[3]

## Contents of the agreement

[edit]

The agreement relates to goods crossing the Irish Sea from Great Britain to Northern Ireland.[10] It introduces "conceptual" green and red lanes to reduce checks and paperwork on goods that are destined for Northern Ireland, and separates them from goods at risk of moving into the EU Single Market.[11] It also includes a number of agreements on medicine control, VAT and alcohol duty.[12]

### "Not for EU"

[edit]

An element of the agreement that facilitates minimal checks on (mainly) food items being shipped from Great Britain, is the use of "not for EU" labels.[11] This label indicates that the product is not guaranteed to conform to EU standards and thus may not legally be sold (or resold) in the EU.[b] The requirement for these labels was phased in over three years. "Meat and fresh dairy products are to be labelled from October 2023, all other dairy products from October 2024, and composite products, fruit, vegetables, and fish from July 2025".[13] The Framework only requires these labels to be used on GB goods intended for sale in Northern Ireland, but the Government has decided that they should be used in Great Britain too, beginning in October 2024.[11] It was later decided that in September 2024, the plan to implement the 'not for EU' label requirement UK-wide was scrapped.[14]

### Stormont brake

[edit]

The framework introduces a mechanism called the "Stormont brake", which would allow the Northern Ireland Assembly to temporarily stop any changes to EU goods regulations from applying in Northern Ireland if the Assembly feared that the changes would have "significant and lasting effects on everyday lives".[15]

According to the agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly can trigger the brake on any new "significantly different" rule being implemented if 30 Members of the Legislative Assembly from two or more parties object, giving way to a 14-day consultation period before reference to the UK Government for consideration.[12] Cross-community consent (support from both unionists and nationalists) is not required. However, "the government says a decision on whether to permanently block an EU rule, once suspended and following discussion in the Joint Committee, would not happen 'in the absence of a cross-community vote'".[16]

As part of the Stormont brake, the Windsor Framework Democratic Scrutiny Committee was established.

## Agreement and signing of the Framework

[edit]

The agreement was named after the meeting of the UK Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, and the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, at the Fairmont Hotel at Windsor Great Park.[17] After meeting the Prime Minister and announcing the deal at the Windsor Guildhall, von der Leyen then had tea with King Charles III in Windsor Castle.[18]

The agreement was reached in accordance with Article 14 and Article 15 of the protocol and did not formally need parliamentary approval.[19] However, the Prime Minister promised that MPs should have an opportunity to vote on it: the vote took place in the House of Commons on 22 March 2023 and the Framework was passed with a large majority.[20][21] The adoption halted both the Northern Ireland Protocol Bill which the UK government had been taking forward, and the infringement procedures by the European Commission brought against the UK in relation to the bill.[22][23]

On the EU side, there was no single vote or decision on the Framework as a whole. Some of the changed arrangements to be put in place under the Framework required agreement through qualified majority in the Council of the European Union. Some parts of the agreement required the consent of the European Parliament.[24][25]

## Reactions

[edit]

The command paper presented to the UK Parliament on 27 February 2023

### Ireland

[edit]

Leo Varadkar, the Taoiseach, welcomed the agreement and said: "The Irish Government will do all we can to make these new arrangements work in the interest of people and enterprises in Northern Ireland, here in the Republic of Ireland while protecting the European Single Market and the Common Travel Area between Ireland and the United Kingdom and the Good Friday Agreement."[26] Sinn Féin president Mary Lou McDonald indicated her support for the agreement.[15]

### Northern Ireland

[edit]

Vice President of Sinn Féin Michelle O'Neill said "I rarely find myself agreeing with a British prime minister but access to both markets has to be grabbed with both hands".[27]

Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) leader Sir Jeffrey Donaldson's initial reaction to the agreement was one in which he said progress was made in several areas with several obstacles outstanding, adding that the framework would have to hold up to the party's seven tests on a suitable replacement to the Northern Ireland Protocol. Sammy Wilson expressed scepticism toward the Stormont brake, saying that "[DUP MPs] still fear our position in the United Kingdom is not going to be restored".[28] On 20 March 2023, Donaldson announced that the DUP would oppose the framework, with the party and other unionists arguing that the agreement would continue to require Northern Ireland to comply with EU law.[29]

Alliance Party deputy leader Stephen Farry and Social Democratic and Labour Party leader Colum Eastwood both expressed concerns about the Stormont Brake and the need for dual access to the UK and European markets.[28][30]

### United Kingdom

[edit]

On 2 March 2023, former prime minister Boris Johnson said it will be "very difficult" for him to vote for the Windsor Framework. Johnson said the deal was "not about the UK taking back control".[31] Former prime minister Liz Truss fully concurred with Johnson and stated that the Windsor Framework does not "satisfactorily resolve the issues thrown up by the Northern Ireland Protocol".[32]

On 21 March 2023, the European Research Group (ERG), a faction of Conservative MPs, denounced the framework as "practically useless" but confirmed they would not vote as a bloc against it.[33]

On 22 March 2023, the date of the parliamentary vote, 22 Conservative MPs and six DUP MPs voted against the government legislation.[34] The vote ultimately passed by 515 votes to 29.[34]

### International

[edit]

US President Joe Biden called the framework an "essential step to ensuring that the hard-earned peace and progress of the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement is preserved and strengthened".[35]

## See also

[edit]

* Brexit withdrawal agreement
* Petition of concern – To require cross-community consent

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Northern Ireland Protocol § Articles 4 and 5 govern movement of goods from Great Britain to Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland Protocol § Article 6 affirms that goods from Northern Ireland shall have unfettered access to the rest of the UK internal market. So the issue only arises for westbound traffic.
2. ^ This does not mean that the product would not meet EU standards but only that it is not warranted to do so.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "UK and EU formally adopt new Brexit Windsor Framework deal". BBC News. 24 March 2023.
2. ^ McClafferty, Enda (2 October 2023). "Windsor Framework: New NI trade rules 'will work unbelievably well'". BBC News.
3. ^ a b "DUP agrees to drop boycott of Northern Ireland power-sharing". Politico. 31 January 2024.
4. ^ Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister (27 February 2023). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). United Kingdom: House of Commons. col. 575.
5. ^ "Brexit Questions and Answers". Northern Ireland Assembly. 2023.
6. ^ "Brexit: What is in Boris Johnson's new deal with the EU?". BBC. October 2019.
7. ^ "Northern Ireland Protocol: The Windsor Framework" (PDF). House of Commons Library. March 2023.
8. ^ McCormick, Andrew (29 June 2023). "Destructive ambiguity - Northern Ireland, the Union and the Windsor Framework". UK in a Changing Europe.
9. ^ Hughes, Brendan (17 October 2023). "DUP: Jeffrey Donaldson's Windsor Framework dilemma". BBC News.
10. ^ Culbertson, Alix (27 February 2023). "Rishi Sunak promises 'beginning of a new chapter' as he unveils 'Windsor Framework' deal on Brexit". Sky News. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
11. ^ a b c "Windsor Framework: How will the next stage of the Brexit deal work?". BBC News. 1 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
12. ^ a b "Northern Ireland Brexit deal: At-a-glance". BBC News. 27 February 2023. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
13. ^ Whitten, Lisa Claire; Phinnemore, David (3 October 2023). "Implementing the Windsor Framework". UK in a Changing Europe. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
14. ^ "Brexit: plans for UK-wide 'Not for EU' labelling dropped". BBC News. 30 September 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
15. ^ a b Sparrow, Andrew (27 February 2023). "What is the Stormont brake and will it help restore power sharing in Northern Ireland?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
16. ^ McCormack, Jayne (28 February 2023). "Brexit: What is the Stormont brake?". BBC News. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
17. ^ Ng, Ellie (27 February 2023), "Fairmont Windsor Park hotel delighted to be part of 'historic occasion'", Evening Standard, retrieved 28 February 2023
18. ^ Elgot, Jessica (27 February 2023), "How No 10 sweetened up the EU president with a royal cup of tea", The Guardian, ISSN 0261-3077, retrieved 28 February 2023
19. ^ Webber, Jude; Wright, Robert; Pickard, Jim (28 February 2023). "Rishi Sunak threatens to push through Brexit deal on Northern Ireland without DUP". Financial Times. Retrieved 2 March 2023. "The deal was reached under provisions set out by the protocol for the amendment of its rules, and does not technically require ratification"
20. ^ "Rishi Sunak promises MPs vote on 'Windsor Framework' Brexit deal". Independent. London. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
21. ^ "How did your MP vote on the Windsor framework?". The Guardian. 22 March 2023.
22. ^ "Brexit: UK and EU leaders hail 'extraordinary' deal on Northern Ireland protocol – live". The Guardian. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
23. ^ "Questions and Answers: political agreement in principle on the Windsor Framework, a new way forward for the Protocol on Ireland / Northern Ireland". European Commission. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023. "These arrangements, when implemented, mean that there will no longer be grounds for the existing Commission legal proceedings against the United Kingdom relating to the Protocol on Ireland / Northern Ireland."
24. ^ Pronczuk, Monika (27 February 2023). "Britain and E.U. Agree on Northern Ireland Trade Deal". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 February 2023. "On the E.U. side, the deal has to be green lighted by the super majority of member nations, E.U. officials said, with the decision expected in the next couple of weeks. Some parts of the agreement have to be approved both by member nations and the European Parliament, a process that could take several months."
25. ^ O'Leary, Naomi (27 February 2023). "Windsor Framework: What are the main points of the new UK-EU deal?". The Irish Times. Retrieved 28 February 2023. "Some will need the agreement of the 27 EU member states, which would take a few weeks, while others would need to go to the European Parliament, something that could take months."
26. ^ "Taoiseach welcomes positive outcome in Protocol talks". RTÉ. 27 February 2023. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
27. ^ "Stormont: We need government and we need it now – Sinn Féin". BBC News. 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
28. ^ a b Scott, Jennifer (27 February 2023). "The Windsor Framework: How have MPs reacted to the new post-Brexit Northern Ireland deal?". Sky News. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
29. ^ "N.Ireland unionists oppose key part of Brexit trade deal". France 24. London: Agence France-Presse. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
30. ^ "DUP 'ready to engage' in any required re-working of Windsor Framework". ITV News. 27 February 2023. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
31. ^ Francis, Sam (2 March 2023). "Boris Johnson says he will find it hard to vote for Rishi Sunak's Brexit deal". BBC News. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
32. ^ McGrath, Dominic (22 March 2023). "Windsor Framework: Boris Johnson and Liz Truss to vote against Rishi Sunak's Brexit deal – 'The best course of action is to proceed with the Northern Ireland Protocol Bill'".
33. ^ "Brexit-backing Tory MPs undecided on Rishi Sunak's Northern Ireland deal vote". BBC.
34. ^ a b "'Not true' Brexit deal was propped up by Labour, Rishi Sunak insists after Tory rebellion led by Boris Johnson". i. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
35. ^ Biden, Joe (27 February 2023). "Statement from President Joe Biden on the Windsor Framework". White House. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website (UK) - Contains political and legal documents
* "Windsor Framework unveiled to fix problems of the Northern Ireland Protocol" (Press release). United Kingdom Prime Minister's Office. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
* "A new way forward on the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland: political agreement in principle on the Windsor Framework" (Press release). European Commission. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
* Murray, Colin (12 May 2023). "From the Protocol to the Windsor Framework". NILQ. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
* Reland, Joël (4 May 2023). "Why the Windsor Framework could come back to bite Sunak". UK in a changing Europe. Retrieved 4 May 2023.

* v
* t
* e

2016 UK European Union Membership referendum and Brexit

* Renegotiation
* Referendum results
* Invocation of Article 50
* Negotiations
* Withdrawal agreement
* Northern Ireland protocol
* Trade negotiation
* Trade and Cooperation Agreement
* Windsor Framework
* Timeline

Referendum question|

"Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?"

Referendum legislation|

* European Union Referendum Act 2015
* Gibraltar
* European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations 2016
* The European Union Referendum (Conduct) Regulations 2016

Background|

| Treaties|

* Rome
* 1972 Accession Treaty
* Single European Act
* Maastricht
* Amsterdam
* Nice
* European Constitution
* Lisbon
* UK opt-outs from EU legislation

|

Legislation|

* European Communities Act 1972
* Amendments: 1986
* 1993
* 1998
* 2002
* 2008
* 2011
* European Economic Area Act 1993

Proposed bills|

* European Union Bill 2004–05
* European Communities Act 1972 (Repeal) Bills
* European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013–14

Elections|

* 2014 European Parliament election
* 2015 general election

By-elections|

* 2014 Clacton
* 2014 Heywood and Middleton
* 2014 Rochester and Strood

Other|

* UK accession
* 1973 EC enlargement
* UK membership
* 1975 EC membership referendum
* UK rebate
* Bruges speech
* No. No. No.
* Black Wednesday
* EEA
* Maastricht Rebels
* The European Union: In or Out
* Bloomberg speech
* Russian interference
* Balance of Competences Review
* 2015–16 renegotiation
* Euroscepticism in the UK

Campaign|

* Issues
* Opinion polling
* Endorsements
* Project Fear
* Unlawful campaigning allegations
* Brexit: The Movie
* Pro-EU leaflet
* Breaking Point (UKIP poster)

Campaign
organisations|

| Remain|

* Britain Stronger in Europe (official campaign)
* Labour In for Britain

|

Leave|

* Vote Leave (official campaign)
* Vote Leave bus
* Leave.EU
* BeLeave
* Grassroots Out
* Labour Leave
* Campaign for an Independent Britain
* The Freedom Association
* Better Off Out
* Get Britain Out
* Bruges Group

Aftermath of
referendum|

| Political party
leadership elections|

* Conservative
* 2016
* 2019
* Scottish, February 2020
* Labour
* UKIP

|

Opposition to Brexit|

* Proposed second referendum
* People's Vote
* Petition to revoke Article 50
* Led By Donkeys
* Bollocks to Brexit

Elections|

* 2017 local
* 2017 general
* 2018 local
* 2019 local
* 2019 European Parliament
* Brexit Party
* 2019 general

By-elections|

* 2016 Witney
* 2016 Richmond Park
* 2016 Sleaford and North Hykeham
* 2017 Copeland
* 2017 Stoke-on-Trent Central
* 2019 Peterborough
* 2019 Brecon and Radnorshire

Other|

* International reactions
* March to Leave
* Brexit Alliance
* Blue Collar Conservativism
* Brexit Party
* Independent Alliance for Reform

Brexit process|

* Miller I case
* Invocation of Article 50
* Negotiations
* Brexit divorce bill
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* Withdrawal agreement
* Parliamentary votes
* No-deal Brexit
* Operation Yellowhammer
* Prorogation of Parliament
* Miller II / Cherry case
* Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU
* Fish for finance
* EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA)

Impact of Brexit
and
potential effects|

| on Northern Ireland and
the Republic of Ireland|

* 2024 Northern Ireland Executive formation
* Brexit and the Irish border
* Northern Ireland Protocol
* proposed changes
* Irish Sea border
* Windsor Framework

|

Other|

* on Gibraltar
* on the EU
* Science and technology
* Economic effects
* EU–UK relations after Brexit

Brexit legislation|

| White papers|

* Brexit plan
* Repeal Bill plan
* Chequers plan
* Brexit withdrawal agreement plan

|

Enacted|

* Notification of Withdrawal Act 2017
* Withdrawal Act 2018 (Gibraltar)
* Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018
* Cooper–Letwin Act
* Benn Act
* Withdrawal Agreement Act 2020 (Gibraltar)
* Internal Market Act 2020
* Future Relationship Act 2020
* UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2020
* Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Act 2023

Proposed|

* Terms of Withdrawal from EU (Referendum) Bills
* UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill 2018
* European Union Withdrawal Agreement (Public Vote) Bill 2017–19

Related|

* Brexit 50p coin
* Change Britain
* Change UK
* Chaos with Ed Miliband
* European Research Group
* "Enemies of the People"
* Leave Means Leave
* Led By Donkeys
* More United
* Northern Future Forum
* The New European
* Open Britain
* Proposed second Scottish independence referendum
* Reform UK
* Rue du Brexit
* Terminology (Glossary)
* Tufton Street
* United Ireland
* Voting pencil conspiracy theory
* Retained EU law
* 2017 Diane Abbott–David Davis controversy

Media depictions|

* Remainiacs (2017)
* Postcards from the 48% (2018)
* Not Tonight (2018)
* Brexit: The Uncivil War (2019)
* @BorderIrish (2018–2020)

* Category

* v
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Rishi Sunak

* Leader of the Opposition (2024)
* 57th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2022–2024)
* 18th Leader of the Conservative Party (2022–2024)
* Chancellor of the Exchequer (2020–2022)
* 33rd Chief Secretary to the Treasury (2019–2020)
* Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Local Government (2018–2019)
* MP for Richmond and Northallerton (2024–present)
* MP for Richmond (Yorks) (2015–2024)

Premiership|

* Ministry
* Chancellorship of Jeremy Hunt
* November 2022 autumn statement
* 2023 budget
* November 2023 autumn statement
* March 2024 budget
* Cost-of-living crisis
* Industrial disputes
* Postal workers' strikes
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* War in Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy
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* 2023 cabinet reshuffles
* February
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* Lockdown Files
* Coronation of Charles III and Camilla
* 2023 G7 summit
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* English Channel migrant crossings
* "Stop the boats"
* Rwanda asylum plan
* Illegal Migration Act 2023
* Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Act 2024
* War in Gaza
* 2023 State Opening of Parliament
* Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Act 2024
* 2024 G7 summit
* 2024 Conservative manifesto
* International trips
* Election betting scandal
* Leadership succession

Chancellorship|

* COVID-19 pandemic
* government response
* economic impact
* lockdown
* vaccinations
* contracts
* contract controversies
* Eat Out to Help Out
* furlough scheme
* Partygate
* July 2022 government crisis
* inquiry
* Budgets and statements
* 2020 budget
* July 2020 summer statement
* Winter Economy Plan
* March 2021 budget
* October 2021 budget

Electoral history|

* September 2022 Party leadership election
* October 2022 Party leadership election
* 2024 general election

Family|

* Akshata Murty (wife)
* N. R. Narayana Murthy (father-in-law)
* Sudha Murty (mother-in-law)

Related|

* Shadow Cabinet
* Opposition frontbench
* Kirby Sigston Manor (constituency home)
* Spitting Image
* This England
* Partygate (TV drama)

* ← Liz Truss
* Keir Starmer→

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