Winifred, Countess of Dundonald

Welsh countess

Winifred (Bamford-Hesketh) Cochrane

Winifred, Countess Of Dundonald.
Born| (1859-04-16)16 April 1859
Gwrych Castle, Wales[1]
Died| 16 January 1924(1924-01-16) (aged 64)
London, England
Burial|

St Cynbryd Churchyard, Llanddulas, Conwy, Wales

Spouse| Douglas Mackinnon Baillie Hamilton Cochrane (1852–1935)
Issue|

* Lady Grizel Winifred Louisa Cochrane (b.1880 – d.1976)
* Thomas Hesketh Douglas Blair Cochrane, 13th Earl of Dundonald (b.1886 – d.1958)
* Hon. Douglas Robert Hesketh Roger Cochrane (b.1893 – d.1942)
* Lady Jean Alice Elaine Cochrane (b.1887 – d.1955)
* Lady Marjorie Gwendoline Elsie Cochrane (b.1889 – d.1973)

House| Dundonald (by marriage)
Father| Robert Bamford Hesketh
Mother| Ellen Jones-Bateman
Signature|

Winifred Cochrane, Countess of Dundonald (Welsh: Winifred, Iarlles Dundonald) was born on 16 April 1859. She was a philanthropist,[2] a Lady of Grace of the Order of St John,[3] Marchioness of Maranham,[4] and was known within Wales by her bardic name, Rhiannon. She was the Welsh[5][6] wife of Douglas Mackinnon Baillie Hamilton Cochrane (1852–1935).

## Ancestry[edit]

Winifred was the second daughter and sole heir of Robert Bamford Hesketh and Ellen Jones-Bateman. She was born into the royal house of Marchudd ap Cynan, the founder of the VIII Noble Tribe of North Wales. Cynan's descendants, the Lloyds of Plas yn y Gwrych were based in the Parish of Abergele, where Winifred, through her ancestors shared co-sanguinity with Llywelyn the Great.[7]

## Personal life[edit]

Pictured is Lady Dundonald's landscape oil painting

Growing up, Winifred Bamford Hesketh lived at her family's residences in London, Torquay and Gwrych Castle. Winifred was ~6 feet tall (182 cm).

In 1878, at the age of 19, she married Lieutenant General Douglas Mackinnon Baillie Hamilton Cochrane, 12th Earl of Dundonald.

The arranged marriage[8] is thought to have been an unhappy one. The Earl spent most of his time in Scotland and fighting wars, while the Countess remained mostly in Wales.[9]

When Winifred turned 21, the money in her trust fund became available and a house was purchased in London. She had five children between 1880 and 1893.[10]

She had many friends within royal circles, who visited her at her Gwrych Castle estate. There is an account of Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein staying at Gwrych in September 1901, accompanied by the Duke and Duchess of Argyll, where they then went on a day trip to Caernarfon.[11][12]

It is believed that the Earl was landless and even through the marriage, the castle belonged solely to Winifred, according to 'The Omaha Sunday Bee'; "In fact, until his marriage, the earl of Dundonald was a very poor man, glad to receive his salary as an officer in the British army."[13]

Winifred died of heart failure on 16 January 1924, at her London residence. Her funeral was held at Llanddulas the following Saturday; it was documented as being a simple and modest service, attended by those closest to her. Her coffin was delivered by train from London to Llanddulas, where it was carried by a pony carriage. Feeling distraught, her daughter, Louisa Hamilton fainted on the platform at Chester Station whilst waiting for her connection to Abergele, on the way to the service at Llanddulas. Louisa's brother (most likely Thomas Cochrane) took her by taxi to her hotel, where she fainted again. Thomas then left Louisa in the care of the manageress so that he could attend the funeral; by the afternoon, Louisa was well enough to make her journey back to her home in London. Winifred's chief mourners were Robert Cochrane (her son) and her estranged husband, Douglas Cochrane.[14]

In her will, she stipulated that; "Each of her sons should within one year of her death adopt the surname of Hesketh before, and in addition to, that of Cochrane, the benefits to them being conditional upon compliance therewith, and she further expressed the desire that each of her sons would in the naming of his own sons perpetuate the name of Lloyd." this was to reflect their Welsh lineage, however, this request never materialised.[15]

### Work and duties[edit]

> "Lady Dundonald, says a society gossip is tall, slight and distinguished-looking. No one would give her credit for being the mother of five children, the oldest of whom is 19. She is an excellent hostess, but very quiet and unobtrusive. Her good works on her husband's property prove her a tactful Lady Bountiful. She has enthusiastically assisted her husband in his researches about the case of Admiral Cochrane, his ill-fated ancestor."

The Falkirk Herald And Midland Counties Journal \- 31 January 1900[16]

HMS Cochrane was named by Winifred, presumably to honour her husband, whose grandfather; Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald was a British naval flag officer for the Royal Navy.[17][18]

Apart from being a poet and writer in her spare time, she contributed literary works to Vogue which was owned at the time by Arthur Baldwin Turnure.[19]

Most of Winifred's correspondences were managed by her agent, Mr. John Inglis who resided at Hên Wrych (Old Gwrych).[20][21]

In the mid-1890s, she donated land to build Colwyn Bay Community Hospital which was completed in 1899, in December 1910, she returned to open a new operating theatre, soon after it was renamed to 'Colwyn Bay and West Denbighshire Hospital' which was the former name of Colwyn Bay Community Hospital.[22][23]

In 1900, she opened the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Rhyl, a hospital which was built for 'sick and needy' children[24]

The countess had a church hall built for the village of Llanddulas in 1909.

In 1914, Winifred supplied warm clothing to the Royal Welsh Fusiliers and Denbighshire Hussars, following an appeal,[25] in November of the same year, she presented a large ambulance (presumably a Ford Model T) fully equipped and accompanied by a driver to the Red Cross Society (seventh division), she also donated a great deal of anaesthetics to several hospitals, she stressed that there was urgent need for chloroform at the base hospitals.[26][27]

The Countess opened a hospital in 1914 at 87 Eaton Square, Belgravia, London, to treat the wounded of the Great War, the 'Countess of Dundonald Hospital'. It closed at the end of the war in 1918.[28]

She was a patron of 'The united Gentlewomen's Handicrafts society'[29]

Along with Prince Louis of Battenberg, she was made an associate of the 'Royal Colonial Institute' in London, England, which is now known as the Royal Commonwealth Society.[30]

### Political views[edit]

Winifred was Abergele's ruling councillor. She became an officer for Abergele's Primrose League in 1904, a division that was established at the town in 1886, the organisation followed Conservative principles. By 1913, she was no longer a member.[31]

## Gwrych Castle[edit]

The countess inherited Gwrych Castle, the seat of the Bamford-Hesketh family, on the death of her father in 1894.

In 1919, she sold some of the old buildings on the estate, along with the Llanddulas limestone quarry and some mines.

In her will, she bequeathed Gwrych to Prince George, later King George V, who was unable to accept the gift and sold the castle. It was later re-purchased by her husband, the Earl of Dundonald, for £70,000 (calculated at £4,288,000 in 2019 after inflation), although he nor his family would live there.[32]

## Participation in Welsh Culture, Heritage and National Affairs[edit]

Winifred, Countess of Dundonald (under her bardic name 'Rhianon') being awarded an ovate by the archdruid at the 1910 National Eisteddfod, Colwyn Bay, North Wales.

Winifred became a patron of the Gwynedd Ladies' Art Society. This was started by Miss Clearance Whaite, and presided over by Lady Augusta Mostyn in 1894. The society was absorbed into what would be called Mostyn gallery.[33]

She was a stout supporter of Welsh industries, she was president of the Denbighshire division of the Welsh Industrial Association.[34] In 1900, the association held an exhibition at 83 Eaton Square, (which was Winifred's address in London) at which; Princess of Wales visited.[35] In the same year, Winifred opened an exhibition at the Anglesey branch of the Welsh industries, which was held at Menai Bridge.[36]

The countess was a Welsh-speaker and a patron of Welsh art, music and literature.[37]

In the early 1900s she founded a North Wales Harp competition. She was heavily involved within the Eisteddfod, especially within the arts and crafts section where she was given the task of opening the art exhibition in 1910. She was initiated as an ovate at the Colwyn Bay National Eisteddfod in 1910.[38] She supported the organisation financially and attended it every year.

Winifred was interested in archaeology, and was involved with the Abergele Historical and Cambrian Societies, most noticeably the Cambrian Archaeological Association where she was a member.[39] She allowed excavations on ancient monuments she owned and financed the publication of their findings.[40]

It is not known for how long she held the position, however in an article from 1914, she is mentioned as being the president of 'Vale of Clwyd Toys', a company which was founded by a Mary Heaton in 1909. Mary's ambition was to employ and train Welsh villagers and disabled soldiers to build Welsh furniture and toys during the winter months. One of the most popular toys they produced was miniature models of the Gorsedd within the National Eisteddfod of Wales.[41][42][43]

## Charitable works[edit]

Knowing how vulnerable local poor people were during the winter months, like her father before her, Winifred would often donate firewood from the fell at her properties to keep them warm.[44]

On her death Winifred bequeathed £5000 and a piece of land for building almshouses in Groes Lwyd, Abergele.[45] She also bequeathed the whole Gwyrch estate to the Welsh Church.

### Advocacy of children's rights[edit]

Winifred was a member of the NSPCC, which often held parties at the Queen's Hall to raise money for preventing cruelty to children.[46]

She was also one of the leading members of the 'children's happy evenings association', an organisation which raised money to fund the purchase of sports equipment. Queen Mary was its patron.[47] [48]

### Advocacy of women's rights[edit]

On Friday, 27 February 1914, Winifred, through the Conservative and Unionist Women's Franchise Association, a women's suffrage organisation, chaired a meeting at Bechstein Hall.[49]

She contributed to the 'WI'. When the Women's Institutes came to Britain for the first time, the first organisation was held at Anglesey, where she was one of the first members.

### Advocacy of the elderly[edit]

Winifred ensured that the elderly were catered for at any given chance. When she started to sell her properties, she made sure that elderly tenants were excluded from eviction, thus; selling only when they had passed, she also hosted an event for the elderly every year at a Church house in Llanddulas to celebrate the new year where she'd pay for the tea, food and entertainments.[50][51] On her death in 1924, a large sum of money was set aside to found the Winifred Bamford Hesketh Almshouses. The charity is based in Groes Llwyd, Abergele and owns ten purpose-built, one bedroom bungalows for elderly residents. There is also an eleventh bungalow, with two bedrooms and a garage, especially for the resident Warden.

### Advocacy of animal rights[edit]

As well as being a humanitarian, Winifred also fought for the rights of animals. She was a patron of the society for the abolition of vivisection, whose goal was the "total suppression of vivisection, or putting animals to death by torture"[52]

## References[edit]

1. ^ Kilmarnock Herald and North Ayrshire Gazette - Friday 03 August 1906
2. ^ The Sketch - Wednesday 12 March 1913
3. ^ First Aid Journal 1916 - 1917 [Page 206], Published on May 17, 2016
4. ^ Daily Mirror - Thursday 24 February 1916
5. ^ "THE NATIONAL EISTEDDFOD EXHIBITION.|1910-09-01|The Welsh Coast Pioneer and Review for North Cambria – Welsh Newspapers". Newspapers.library.wales.
6. ^ "LORD COCHRANE^ COMING OF AGE.¡|907-11-02|Llandudno Advertiser and List of Visitors – Welsh Newspapers". Newspapers.library.wales.
7. ^ "Discovering Old Welsh Houses" (PDF). Discoveringoldwelshhouses.co.uk. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
8. ^ "Illustrated London News 73.1878". Archive.org.
9. ^ Mark Baker. "The Development of the Welsh Country House" (PDF). Orca.cf.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
10. ^ "Discovering Welsh Houses" (PDF). Discoveringoldwelshhouses.co.uk.
11. ^ The Times (London) – 2 September 1901, page 7
12. ^ Montgomery County Times and Shropshire and Mid-Wales Advertiser - Saturday 07 September 1901
13. ^ The Omaha Sunday Bee, December 22, 1907
14. ^ St. Andrews Citizen – 26 January 1924, page 5
15. ^ Thomson's Weekly News, Saturday 18 April 1925 - https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001780/19250418/024/0002
16. ^ "The Falkirk Herald And Midland Counties Journal". 31 January 1900 - via British Newspaper Archive.
17. ^ Shields Daily Gazette - Monday 22 May 1905 - www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000287/19050522/047/0003
18. ^ The heir-apparent to an earldom uses the Earl's next-highest title as a courtesy title; see Earl for details.
19. ^ Vogue 1902.12.11 - Vol.20, Issue 24
20. ^ Abergele & Pensarn Visitor, Saturday 21 May 1898 - www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003684/18980521/005/0005
21. ^ "Old Gwrych - Recorded name - Historic Place Names".
22. ^ "Annual report : 1928". Archive.org. 1928.
23. ^ The North Wales Weekly News \- 16 December 1910, page 2
24. ^ Liverpool Mercury (Liverpool, Merseyside, England) – 13 September 1900, page 8
25. ^ The Guardian, (London, Greater London, England) – 11 December 1914, page 12
26. ^ "London Evening Standard". 10 November 1914 - via British Newspaper Archive.
27. ^ "Dundee Evening Telegraph". 11 November 1914 - via British Newspaper Archive.
28. ^ The Times (London, Greater London, England) 29 November 1916, page 27
29. ^ The Daily Mirror \- 8 October 1908, page 11
30. ^ "Newcastle Daily Chronicle". 20 June 1913 - via British Newspaper Archive.
31. ^ Thomas Wyn Williams (December 2008). "The Conservative party in north-east Wales, 1906-1924" (PDF). Core.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
32. ^ "The National Library of Wales". Archives.library.wales.
33. ^ Cheshire Observer (Chester, Cheshire, England) 29 December 1894, page 5
34. ^ The Gentlewoman \- 24 September 1910, (page 407 - 'Women at the Recent Eisteddfod.')
35. ^ Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), 9 June 1900
36. ^ North Wales Chronicle, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, 8 September 1900, page 5
37. ^ The Times Dispatch – July 26, 1903
38. ^ "Royal National Eisteddfod.|1910-09-02|The North Wales Weekly News - Welsh Newspapers". Newspapers/library.wales.
39. ^ Western Mail - Monday 24 November 1924 (page 6)
40. ^ "Gwrych Castle". Gwrychcastle.co.uk.
41. ^ Ivor Nicholson, O.B.E; Trevor Lloyd-Williams, M.A. Wales: Its part in the war (PDF). Hodder And Stoughton. p. 158.
42. ^ Sheffield Daily Telegraph \- 5 May 1914, page 9
43. ^ "Collections Online". Museum.wales.
44. ^ "Papers Past | Newspapers | Dominion | 15 November 1919 | BOWLS". Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.
45. ^ "Winifred Bamford Hesketh Almshouses". Bamfordheskethalmshouses.co.uk.
46. ^ The Boston Herald – June 3, 1906
47. ^ "CHILDREN'S HAPPY EVENINGS ASSOCIATION GIFT FUND - Charity 1003523". Register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
48. ^ Banbury Guardian \- 28 November 1912 [Page 5]
49. ^ National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. "The Common Cause February 20 1914". Retrieved 2 July 2022 - via JSTOR. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
50. ^ Abergele & Pensarn Visitor - Tuesday 31 December 1996
51. ^ North Wales Weekly News - Friday 13 August 1909
52. ^ "Evidence given before the Royal commission on vivisection: George Richard Jesse". Archive.org. 1875.