World War II United States Merchant Navy

Fleet of merchant vessels that took part of World War II for the United States

This article is about the merchant navy and the merchant marine of United States. For a more general article on the subject, see ship transport.

A United States World War II recruiting poster for the merchant marine

World War II United States Merchant Navy was the largest civilian Navy in the world, which operated during World War II. With the United States fighting a world war in all the world oceans, the demand for cargo and fuel was very high. Cargo and fuel was needed around the world for the United States Navy, United States Army, United States Marine Corps, United States Army Air Forces, United States Coast Guard and the support of the allied nations of the United States.[1][2] American steamship companies chartered ships from the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration to meet the demand. Many United States Merchant Marine ships were newly built in the Emergency Shipbuilding Program, other ships were older World War I ships that were put back in service, or private ships acquired under Emergency war requisitions. The Merchant Navy operated in the Pacific War and European war.[3][4] Over 200 US Merchant ships took part in the D-day Normandy landings. To make a Normandy breakwater Harbor, called Mulberry harbour, 33 merchant ships were sunk 1,000 yards from shore. Some of the ghosts merchant ships used were damaged and others were deemed too old.[5][6][7]

## Crew

[edit]

Further information: Maritime history of the United States during World War II

The ships were operated by volunteer civilian crews, that were employed and trained by private shipping and passenger companies.[8][4][9] Most ships had armament for self defense, most ships had deck guns manned by United States Navy Armed Guard from the US Navy Troops. The 144,857 strong Navy Armed Guards also operated the radio, semaphore-signal flags, and the signal lamp. Navy Armed Guard were also training in first aid. United States Navy Armed Guard operated on 6,200 ships by the end of the war. Cross training with the ship's crew to cover roles was often completed.[10][11][12][13] In 1943 the United States Merchant Marine Academy was founded to train Merchant Marine officers.[14][15][16]

> The men of our American Merchant Marine have pushed through despite the perils of the submarine, the dive bomber and the surface raider. They have returned voluntarily to their jobs at sea again and again, because they realized that the life-lines to our battle fronts would be broken if they did not carry out their vital part in this global war. . . In their hands, our vital supply lines are expanding. Their skill and determination will keep open the highway to victory and unconditional surrender. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1943[17]

## Losses

[edit]

Merchant Navy at its peak had over 215,000 men operating the Merchant Navy ships. The losses by the end of the war was 8,651 crew deaths. Merchant Marine were killed at a per capita rate much higher than those of the combined United States Armed Forces.[18] Merchant Navy crews were killed at a rate of 1 in 26 (US Navy rate was 1 in 114).[19] The greatest loss was in the Battle of the Atlantic due to U-boat torpedo or deck gun attacks. During the war 3.1 million tons of US merchant ships were sunk in 733 ships. Merchant ships were lost due to submarines, destroyers, naval mines, armed raiders, gun boats, aircraft attacks, kamikaze attacks, grounding and ocean storms. Convoy system with destroyers, escort carriers, submarine chasers, planes and other support, reduced losses by 1944.[20][21] Merchant Navy ship sunk or captured by Imperial Japan caused 609 crewmen to be captured as prisoners of war, many died in prison.[4][22][23][24]

## Ships

[edit]

A Victory ship of World War II Liberty ship of World War II

The Emergency Shipbuilding Program built many types of ships to support the war. The most numerous ships were the 2,710 cargo Liberty ships.[25] Liberty ships were built between 1941 and 1945, with a new module assembly process so that about three ships were built every two days.[26] Victory ships were a faster replacement ship for the Merchant Navy. Between 1944 and 1946, 531 Victory ships were built, with some to the US Navy and 414 to the Merchant Navy.[27][28] The Merchant Navy also operated: other cargo ships like: Type N3, Type C1, Type C2, Type C3, and the largest Type C4. Merchant Navy operated tanker ships like: T1 tanker, T2 tanker and the largest T3 Tankers for fuel oil, aviation gasoline, and Diesel fuel. Merchant Navy operated special ships like: Type L6, called Lakers, Type P1 small Passenger ships, Type P2 Passenger, Type R, refrigerated cargo ships, Type B Barges and Type V Tugboats. The Merchant Navy operated Troopships, both passenger ships and cargo ships converted to troopships. For World War II 97 Victory ships temporarily were converted to troopship.[29] By the end of the war over 11,000 ships were under the control of the War Shipping Administration.[4][30][31]

Many World War 2 surplus merchant ships were removed from the National Defense Reserve Fleet and put into action to support the Korean War and Vietnam War.[32][33]

## Post war

[edit]

At the end of the war, the US Merchant Navy was given the task of helping bring Troops and for some their war brides home, called Operation Magic Carpet. Some traveled on Navy ships, but many of the 3,500,000 men and women came home on Merchant Navy ships, call troopships.[34] Some of the US Merchant Navy continued in post-war relief efforts and general cargo shipping to help nations around the world recover from the devastating war. The Seagoing cowboys did United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation work from 1945 to 1947. Seagoing cowboys use cargo ships with added cages and horse stalls to take livestock to war-torn nations.[35][36][37][38] Many merchant ships were placed in the Reserve Fleet after the war, some were sold, many scrapped and a few became museum ships.[39][40][41][42]

## Legacy

[edit]

* American Merchant Marine Veterans Memorial in San Pedro, California.
* World War II Merchant Marine Memorial Coyote Point Park in San Mateo County, California[43]
* American Merchant Mariners Memorial in Battery Park, New York Harbor[44]
* Navy – Merchant Marine Memorial in Washington, D.C.
* Action in the North Atlantic 1943 movie with Humphrey Bogart.
* The Rebels of PT-218, (The Rebels of World War II) a 2021 movie about the a Liberty ship that became a war ship.[45]
* The Men Who Sailed the Liberty Ships Film of Veterans of the American merchant marine in World War II tell their story.[46]
* Forgotten Victory SS Lane Victory 2021 Documentary [47]
* Onboard a Liberty Ship, 1940s US Navy, WWII US Navy color film
* SS Hannibal Victory 1945 Documentary film.
* List of United States Merchant Navy Film and TV shows
* Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park

## Notable ships

[edit]

* SS Cynthia Olson's crew were the first American casualties of the war on 8 AM on December 7, 1941.
* SS Jean Nicolet, torpedoed by a Japanese submarine I-8 on July 2, 1944, off Ceylon. Crew saved and then most killed by Japanese.[48][49]
* SS American Victory, SS Lane Victory, SS Red Oak Victory, SS John W. Brown, SS Jeremiah O'Brien, SS Arthur M. Huddell, survived the war and scrapping to become museum ships.
* SS Canada Victory, SS Hobbs Victory, SS Logan Victory, SS John Burke, SS Lewis L. Dyche each an ammunition ship, were attacked and sank with an explosion after kamikaze attack in 1945.
* Ships of Convoy PQ 17, 24 merchant ships sunk and 153 merchant mariners killed in 1942.
* SS E. A. Bryan had a munitions explosion on July 17, 1944, at Port Chicago, California.
* SS Patrick Henry was built in 4 days, 15 hours and 29 minutes, a record.[50]
* SS Albert M. Boe, the last Liberty ship built, is now the headquarters of Trident Seafoods in Kodiak, Alaska.
* SS Ohio was attacked in a Malta convoy and was still able to deliver needed fuel in Operation Pedestal to Malta (called the saviour of the beleaguered island).[51][52]
* SS Stephen Hopkins sank the German commerce raider Stier in a ship-to-ship gun battle in 1942.[53]
* SS St. Lawrence Victory and SS Winthrop Victory were present in Tokyo Bay on Victory over Japan Day on September 2, 1945.
* SS Lawton B. Evans became a war ship in the Battle of Anzio, an eight-day battle the ship shot down five German planes.[54]

## Ship operators

[edit]

War Shipping Administration and United States Merchant Navy routes during World War 2 'Merchant seamen deliver what it takes to blast the Axis' - poster SS Lane Victory at dock, a museum ship Los Angeles, California

> "The men and ships of the Merchant Marine have participated in every landing operation by the United States Marine Corps from Guadalcanal to Iwo Jima -- and we know they will be at hand with supplies and equipment when American amphibious forces hit the beaches of Japan itself." Lt. Gen. Alexander A. Vandegrift, U. S. Marine Corps Commandant[55]

At its peak, about 130 companies served as ship operators for the War Shipping Administration.[56] American steamship companies operating merchant ships in World War II:[57]

75 To 100 Ships |

|

Operator | Headquarters City
Alaska Steamship Company | Seattle
American Export Lines | New York City
American Hawaiian Steamship Company | New York City
American President Lines | San Francisco
Grace Line Inc. | New York City
Isthmian Steamship Company | New York City
Lykes Brothers Steamship Company | New Orleans
Matson Navigation Company | San Francisco
Moore McCormack Lines | New York City
United Fruit Company | Boston
United States Line | New York City
Waterman Steamship Corporation | Mobile
51 To 75 Ships |

|

Agwilines Inc. | New York City
Alcoa Steamship Company | New York City
American Mail Line | Seattle
American South African Line | New York City
A. H. Bull & Company, Inc. | New York City
Luckenbach Steamship Company | New York City
Marine Transport Line | New York City
Mississippi Shipping Company | New Orleans
Mccormick Steamship Company | San Francisco
Pacific-Atlantic Steamship Company | Vancouver
Seas Shipping Company | New York City
South Atlantic Steamship Lines | Savannah
Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company | Newark
26 To 50 Ships |

|

American West African Line, Inc. | New York City
Black Diamond Steamship Company | New York City
Calmar Steamship Corporation | New York City
Coastwise Line | San Francisco
International Freighting Corporation | New York City
Mystic Steamship, a Division of Eastern Gas and Fuel Associates | Boston
Sprague Steamship Company | Boston
Sudden & Christenson Company | San Francisco
J. H. Winchester & Company | New York City
5 To 25 Ships |

|

Alaska Packers' Association | San Francisco
Alaska Transportation Company | Seattle
American Foreign Steamship Corporation | New York City
American Range-Liberty Lines, Inc. | New York City
Blidberg Rothchild Company | New York City
Boland and Cornelius Company | Buffalo
A. L. Burbank & Company, Ltd. | New York City
Burns Steamship Company | Los Angeles
W. R. Chamberlin & Company | San Francisco
Cosmopolitan Shipping Company | New York City
De La Rama Steamship Company, Inc. | New York City
Dichmann, Wright & Pugh, Inc. | Norfolk
Eastern Steamship Lines | Boston
Fall River Navigation Company | Fall River
General Steamship Corporation | San Francisco
James Griffiths & Sons, Inc. | Seattle
Hammond Shipping Company | San Francisco
Isbrandtsen Line | New York City
Interocean Steamship Corporation | San Francisco
Merchants & Miners Transportation Company | Baltimore
R. A. Nicol & Company | New York City
North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company | New York City
Northland Transportation Company | Seattle
Norton Lilly Management Corporation | New York City
Oliver J. Olson & Company | San Francisco
Olympic Steamship Company | Seattle
Ore Steamship Company | New York City
Overlakes Freight Corporation | New York City
Parry Navigation Company | New York City
Pocahontas Steamship Company | New York City
Polarus Steamship Company | New York City
Pope & Talbot, Inc. | San Francisco
Prudential Steamship Corporation | New York City
William J. Rountree Company | New York City
Shepard Steamship Company | Boston
Smith & Johnson | New York City
Sword Line Inc. | New York City
Standard Fruit & Steamship Company | New Orleans
States Marine Corporation | New York City
T. J. Stevenson & Company, Inc. | New York City
Stockard Steamship Corporation | New York City
M & J Tracy Inc. | New York City
United States Navigation Company | New York City
Union Sulphur Company | New York City
Wessel Duval & Company | New York City
West India Steamship Company | New York City
Wilmore Steamship Company | Boston
1 To 5 Ships |

|

American Republic Corporation (SS Oscar F. Barrett)[58] | Houston
Bulk Carriers Coprp. (SS Edward B. Dudley) [59] | New York City
Coastwise Transportation Corp. (SS Raymond T. Baker)[60] | Boston
Intercoastal Packing Company (SS Ogontz) | Juneau
Nicholson Transit Company | Ecorse
Norwegian Shipping and Trade Mission | New York City
Pacific Far East Line | San Francisco
Pacific Lighterage Company | Seattle
Simpson Spence & Young | New York City
Wellart Steamship Company (SS Selwyn Eddy) [61] | Boston

## Tanker operators

[edit]

The T2 tanker Hat Creek in August 1943 USS Niobrara, a T3 tanker

American steamship companies operating merchant tanker ships in World War II:[57]

75 To 100 Tankers |

|

Standard Oil Company of New Jersey | New York City
51 To 75 Tankers |

|

Pacific Tankers Inc. | San Francisco
War Emergency Tankers | New York City
26 To 50 Tankers |

|

Deconhil Shipping Company | San Francisco
Gulf Oil Corporation | New York City
Keystone Shipping Company | Philadelphia
Los Angeles Tanker Operators | Los Angeles
Socony-Vacuum Oil Company | New York City
The Texas Company | New York City
5 To 25 Tankers |

|

American Petroleum Transport Corporation | New York City
American Republics Corporation | Houston
American Trading & Production Corporation | New York City
Atlantic Refining Company | Philadelphia
Barber Asphalt Company | New York City
Bernuth-Lembcke Company | New York City
Cities Services Oil Company | New York City
National Bulk Carriers | New York City
Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company | New York City
Republic Oil Refining Company | Houston
Richfield Oil Corporation | Los Angeles
Sabine Transportation Company | Port Arthur
Sieling & Jarvis | New York City
Sinclair Refining Company | New York City
Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc. | New York City
Standard Oil Company of California | San Francisco
Sun Oil Company | Philadelphia
Tidewater Associated Oil Company | New York City
Union Oil Company | Los Angeles
1 To 5 Ships |

|

Tankers Company (SS Lafcadio Hearn) [62] | New York City

## See also

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Merchant Marine.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Victory ships.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberty ships.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to T2 tanker.

* Merchant Marine Act of 1936
* James River, Reserve Fleet
* History of the United States Merchant Marine
* Awards and decorations of the United States Merchant Marine
* United States Maritime Service
* Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)
* Royal Fleet Auxiliary
* The Marine Society
* United States home front during World War II

## External links

[edit]

* youtube How A Cargo Ship Helped Win WW2: The Liberty Ship Story
* American Merchant Marine at War Archived 2011-02-28 at the Wayback Machine
* Casualty statistics World War II Archived 2006-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Recipients of Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal
* United States Merchant Marine in history[usurped]
* ibiblio.org United States Maritime Commission
* ibiblio.org Defense of Merchant Navy
* ibiblio.org, US Armed Guards

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "American Merchant Marine in World War 2". www.usmm.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
2. ^ American merchant ships at War
3. ^ UN Navy, Beans, Bullets, and Black Oil, The Story of Fleet Logistics Afloat in the Pacific During World War II
4. ^ a b c d "Supplying Victory: The History of Merchant Marine in World War II". The National WWII Museum | New Orleans. 7 February 2022.
5. ^ "American Merchant Marine Ships at Normandy in June 1944". www.usmm.org.
6. ^ "U.S. Ships Sunk or Damaged in Murmansk Run, Normandy, Northeast Atlantic, Northern European ports". www.usmm.org.
7. ^ ibiblio.org, U.S. Merchant Marine at War
8. ^ Magazine, Smithsonian. "The Merchant Marine Were the Unsung Heroes of World War II". Smithsonian Magazine.
9. ^ "General Quarters! All Hands to Battle Stations! General Quarters!". American Merchant Marine at War. March 30, 2002. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
10. ^ "U.S. Navy Armed Guard and U.S. Merchant Marine in World War II - A Little-Known Story". Project Liberty Ship. February 11, 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
11. ^ "Mariners and Armed Guard Together at the Guns". American Merchant Marine at War. April 24, 2002. Retrieved March 30, 2002.
12. ^ "Clarification of Gun duties and training of Merchant Marine Mariners aboard ship". American Merchant Marine at War. February 25, 2002. Archived from the original on 4 August 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
13. ^ "Armed Guard - Sea Lane Vigilantes". Project Liberty Ship. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
14. ^ "New School To Train Ships Officers" Popular Science, May 1935
15. ^ "A Brief History". Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
16. ^ American Merchant Marine Heroes and their Gallant Ships in World War II
17. ^ "Quotes about American Merchant Marine from Presidents, Military and National Leaders". www.usmm.org.
18. ^ armed-guard.com Ships sunk
19. ^ "American Merchant Marine Casualties". www.usmm.org. Archived from the original on 2006-10-25. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
20. ^ American Merchant Marine Casualties, USMM, archived from the original on 2006-10-25, retrieved 2013-07-23.
21. ^ "U.S. Merchant Marine Flag". U.S. Maritime Administration. Archived from the original on 2007-07-15. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
22. ^ usmm.org Merchant Marine POW's and MIA's, by Captain George W. Duffy
23. ^ usmm.org Women Mariners in World War II, 5 killed
24. ^ American Merchant Marine Prisoners of War or Civilian Internees during World War II
25. ^ "Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in War (Teaching with Historic Places) (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.
26. ^ "Liberty Ships built by the United States Maritime Commission in World War II". usmm.org. American Merchant Marine at War. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2021-11-28. "(2,710 ships were completed, as one burned at the dock.)"
27. ^ Jaffee, Capt. Walter W., The Lane Victory: The Last Victory Ship in War and in Peace, 2nd ed., p. 14, The Glencannon Press, Palo Alto, CA, 1997.
28. ^ "Victory Ship | MARAD". www.maritime.dot.gov.
29. ^ usmm.org Troopships
30. ^ "Merchant Ship Shapes". NHHC.
31. ^ "World War Two Ships: Ship Types". www.ww2ships.com.
32. ^ "American Merchant Marine Ships Participating in Korean War". www.usmm.org. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
33. ^ "U.S. Merchant Marine in Vietnam". www.usmm.org. Archived from the original on 2013-01-20. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
34. ^ Milstein, Stewart B (April 2008). "Operation Magic Carpet" (PDF). Universal Ship Cancellation Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
35. ^ "Seagoing Cowboys notes (CPS), Swarthmore College Peace Collection". www.swarthmore.edu.
36. ^ "seagoingcowboys.com, The UNRRA Years, shipments by date" (PDF).
37. ^ "Cowboy Stories". October 23, 2015.
38. ^ "Seagoing cowboy obituaries – The Seagoing Cowboys". The Seagoing Cowboys. 31 March 2023.
39. ^ "James River Reserve Fleet | MARAD". www.maritime.dot.gov.
40. ^ "James River Reserve Fleet". www.virginiaplaces.org.
41. ^ "The Mothball Fleet". 7 November 2019 – via www.youtube.com.
42. ^ "The USN Mothball Fleet - Storing up for a rainy day". 21 July 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
43. ^ Rosato, Joe Jr. (3 December 2011). "World War II Merchant Marine Memorial Finally Gets a Head".
44. ^ "The American Merchant Mariners Memorial NEEDS YOUR HELP NOW".
45. ^ "The Rebels of PT-218 (2021) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.
46. ^ "The Men Who Sailed the Liberty Ships" – via IMDb.
47. ^ "Forgotten Victory". September 1, 2021 – via IMDb.
48. ^ Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (July 1, 2016). "IJN Submarine I-8: Tabular Record of Movement". combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
49. ^ Edwards, Bernard (1997). Blood and Bushido: Japanese Atrocities at Sea 1941–1945. New York: Brick Tower P0ress. ISBN 1-883283-18-3.
50. ^ "Liberty Ships". August 28, 2014.
51. ^ Holland, James (2005). Fortress Malta: An Island Under Siege, 1940–1943. Cassell Military. ISBN 0-304-36654-4.
52. ^ Spooner, Tony (1996). Supreme Gallantry: Malta's Role in the Allied Victory, 1939–1945. London.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
53. ^ Sawyer, L. A. and Mitchell, W. H. The Liberty Ships: The History of the "Emergency" Type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During the Second World War, Second Edition, pp. 13, 141-2, Lloyd's of London Press Ltd., London, England, 1985. ISBN 1-85044-049-2.
54. ^ Jacobs, Randall (1944-06-24). "SS Lawton B. Evans Commendation" (PDF). Letter to O'ROURKE, Calvin Stoddard, Seaman First Class, United States Reserve. Washington, DC: Navy Department, Bureau of Naval Personnel. Pers-68-MH MM/822 62 83. Retrieved 2020-11-01 – via Wikimedia Commons.
55. ^ Benefits to Merchant Seamen: Hearings Before the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries, 1945, page 63
56. ^ ibiblio.org, War Shipping Administration
57. ^ a b "Steamship Company Operators of American Flag Ships during World War II". www.usmm.org. Archived from the original on 2021-09-27. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
58. ^ aukevisser.nl, SS Oscar F. Barrett
59. ^ oclc.org, SS Edward B. Dudley
60. ^ dot.gov, SS Raymond T. Baker
61. ^ greatlakesvesselhistory.com, SS Selwyn Eddy
62. ^ aukevisser.nl, SS Lafcadio Hearn

* v
* t
* e

Liberty ships

Lists|

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* Ja-Je
* J. F-J. W
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* R
* S-Z

Subtypes|

* Acubens-class general stores issue ship
* Armadillo class tanker
* Crater-class cargo ship
* Guardian-class radar picket ship
* List of Subtypes

Survivors|

* SS John W. Brown
* SS Jeremiah O'Brien
* SS Arthur M. Huddell
* SS Albert M. Boe

Other|

* Liberty Fleet Day
* Port Chicago disaster
* Project Liberty Ship

See also|

* Park ship (Canadian equivalent)
* Fort ship (British equivalent)
* Ocean ship (Anglo-American predecessor)
* Victory ship (American follow-on)
* Empire ship (British ships owned by the Ministry of War Transport)

* Category
* List

* v
* t
* e

Victory ships

Lists|

* List of Victory ships

Subtypes|

* Haskell-class attack transport
* Boulder Victory-class cargo ship
* Greenville Victory-class cargo ship
* Kingsport-class telemetry ship
* Range Sentinel-class telemetry ship
* List of Subtypes

Museum ships|

* SS American Victory
* SS Lane Victory
* SS Red Oak Victory

Other|

* Port Chicago disaster
* Attack on the SS Baton Rouge Victory
* SS Columbia Eagle incident

Sunk in action|

* SS Canada Victory
* SS Hobbs Victory
* SS Logan Victory

Damaged in action|

* SS Bozeman Victory
* SS Brown Victory
* SS Bucknell Victory
* USS Colbert
* SS Elmira Victory
* USS Hinsdale
* USS La Grange
* SS Minot Victory
* SS Oshkosh Victory
* SS Pratt Victory
* SS Swarthmore Victory
* USS Telfair
* SS United Victory

Sunk in service|

* SS Clarksdale Victory
* SS Drexel Victory
* SS Escanaba Victory
* SS Georgetown Victory
* SS Luray Victory
* SS Middlebury Victory
* SS Northeastern Victory
* SS Park Victory
* SS Quinault Victory

Damaged in service|

* SS Attleboro Victory
* SS Baton Rouge Victory
* SS Baylor Victory
* SS Colombia Victory
* SS Berea Victory
* SS Cuba Victory
* SS Enid Victory
* SS Frontenac Victory
* SS Morgantown Victory
* SS St. Lawrence Victory

Sank in private use|

* SS Alamo Victory
* SS Augustana Victory
* SS Brainerd Victory
* SS Cody Victory
* SS Hagerstown Victory
* SS Lewiston Victory
* SS Lincoln Victory
* SS Luxembourg Victory
* SS India Victory
* SS New Bern Victory
* SS Mandan Victory
* SS Philippines Victory
* SS Rushville Victory
* SS Rutland Victory
* SS Skagway Victory
* SS Smith Victory
* SS St. Albans Victory
* SS Tufts Victory
* SS U.S.S.R. Victory

Seagoing cowboys ships|

* SS Adrian Victory
* SS Attleboro Victory
* SS Battle Creek Victory
* SS Beloit Victory
* SS Blue Island Victory
* SS Boulder Victory
* SS Bucknell Victory
* SS Calvin Victory
* SS Carroll Victory
* SS Cedar Rapids Victory
* SS Clarksville Victory
* SS Creighton Victory
* SS DePauw Victory
* SS Earlham Victory
* SS Flagstaff Victory
* SS Frontenac Victory
* SS Gainesville Victory
* SS Harvard Victory
* SS Hattiesburg Victory
* SS Jefferson City Victory
* SS Lahaina Victory
* SS Lanaina Victory
* SS Lindenwood Victory
* SS Mercer Victory
* SS Moline Victory
* SS Morgantown Victory
* SS Norwalk Victory
* SS Occidental Victory
* SS Ouachita Victory
* SS Park Victory
* SS Pass Christian Victory
* SS Pierre Victory
* SS Plymouth Victory
* SS Queens Victory
* SS Rock Hill Victory
* SS Rockland Victory
* SS Roswell Victory
* SS Saginaw Victory
* SS Santa ClaraVictory
* SS South Bend Victory
* SS Spartanburg Victory
* SS Villanova Victory
* SS Virginia City Victory
* SS Wesleyan Victory
* SS Woodstock Victory
* SS Yugoslavia Victory

See also|

* Liberty ship (predecessor)

* Article
* Category
* List

See also, similar role:- Empire ship, Fort ship, Park ship, Ocean ship.

* v
* t
* e

Type T2-SE-A1 tankers

Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding Company

* Abiqua
* Ackia
* Apache Canyon
* Arickaree
* Ash Hollow
* Autossee
* Beaver Dam
* Beecher Island
* Birch Coolie
* Blue Licks
* Boonesborough
* Buffalo Wallow
* Cahawba
* Callabee
* Camas Meadows
* Canyon Creek
* Cayuse
* Cedar Mills
* Chicaca
* Cottonwood Creek
* Crow Wing
* Evans Creek
* Fort Pitt
* Fort Ridgely
* Fort Robinson
* Four Lakes
* Golden Hill
* Grand River
* Hat Creek
* Honningsvaag
* Horseshoe
* Julesburg
* Kaposia
* Kathio
* Little Big Horn
* Little Butte
* McClellan Creek
* Mobile Bay
* Palo Duro
* Pawnee Rock
* Pine Ridge
* Piqua
* Pit River
* Powder River
* Quemado Lake
* Red Canyon
* Rogue River
* Rosebud
* Sandy Lake
* Sappa Creek
* Sideling Hill
* Skull Bar
* Spirit Lake
* Sweetwater
* The Yakima
* Touchet
* Wagon Box
* Wahoo Swamp
* War Bonnet
* Washita
* White River
* Wolf Mountain
* Wood Lake
* Wyoming Valley

Marinship

* Antelope Hills
* Baldwin Hills
* Buena Vista Hills
* Coalinga Hills
* Elk Hills
* Inglewood Hills
* Kettleman Hills
* Lost Hills
* McKittrick Hills
* Midway Hills
* Montebello Hills
* Newhall Hills
* Potrero Hills
* Rincon Hills
* Signal Hills
* Sunset Hills
* Ventura Hills
* Whittier Hills

Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co.

* Allatoona
* Amiens
* Appomattox
* Averysboro
* Ball's Bluff
* Bennington
* Black Jack
* Blackstocks Ford
* Blackwater
* Bloody Marsh
* Boundbrook
* Brandy Station
* Brandywine
* Buena Vista
* Bull Run
* Bunker Hill
* Bushy Run
* Caddo
* Cantigny
* Caribbean
* Carnifax Ferry
* Catawba Ford
* Catham
* Cedar Creek
* Cedar Mountain
* Cerro Gordo
* Chadd's Ford
* Champion's Hill
* Chancellorsville
* Chantilly
* Chapultepec
* Charlestown
* Chateau-Thierry
* Cherry Valley
* Chesapeake Capes
* Chickamauga
* Chrysler's Field
* Churubusco
* Conastoga (MC hull number 350)
* Conastoga (MC hull number 352)
* Contreras
* Corinth
* Corsicana
* Cowpens
* Cross Keys
* Crown Point
* Diamond Island
* Drewry's Bluff
* Edge Hill
* Esso Camden
* Esso Memphis
* Esso New Haven
* Esso Portland
* Esso Roanoke
* Esso Scranton
* Esso Springfield
* Esso Utica
* Eutaw Springs
* Fairfax
* Fisher's Hill
* Five Forks
* Fort Cornwallis
* Fort Cumberland
* Fort Duquesne
* Fort Lee
* Fort Necessity
* Fort Niagara
* Fort Schuyler
* Fort Stanwick
* Fredericksburg
* French Creek
* Frenchtown
* Front Royal
* Gaines Mill
* Germantown
* Gettysburg
* Glorieta
* Great Meadows
* Groveton
* Guilford/Colina
* Hanging Rock
* Harlem Heights
* Harpers Ferry
* Hegra
* Hobkirk's Hill
* Hubbardton
* Jalapa
* James Island
* Karsten Wang
* Kenesaw Mountain
* Kernstown
* Kettle Creek
* Kittanning
* La Mesa
* Lake Erie
* Lake George
* Lone Jack
* Lookout Mountain
* Louisburg
* Lyon's Creek
* Malvern Hill
* Manassas
* Marne
* Mauvilla
* McDowell
* Meuse-Argonne
* Mill Spring
* Missionary Ridge
* Molino del Rey
* Monmouth
* Monocacy
* Moor's Fields
* Murfreesboro
* Musgrove Mills
* New Hope
* New Market
* Newtown
* Opequon
* Paoli
* Perote
* Perryville
* Pine Bluff
* Point Pleasant
* Port Republic
* Port Royal
* Prairie Grove
* Princeton
* Pueblo
* Rich Mountain
* Ridgefield
* Rum River
* Sag Harbor
* Saint Mihiel
* Salmon Falls
* San Antonio
* San Pasqual
* Sandy Creek
* Santiago
* Sedan
* Seven Pines
* Sharpsburg
* Shiloh
* Somme
* South Mountain
* Spottsylvania
* Spring Hill
* Stillwater
* Tampico
* Ticonderoga
* Trenton/Calusa
* Trevilian
* Tullahoma
* Turkey Island
* Valley Forge
* Valverde
* Vera Cruz
* Vicksburg
* Vincennes
* Wauhatchie
* Waxhaws
* White Plains
* Whitehorse
* Williamsburg
* Winchester
* Yellow Tavern

Swan Island Shipyard

* Bandelier
* Battle Mountain
* Battle Rock
* Beacon Rock
* Blacks Hills
* Bladensburg
* Brookfield
* Camp Namanu
* Casa Grande
* Castle Pinckney
* Celilo
* Chaco Canyon
* Chalmette
* Champoeg
* Coquille
* Corvallis
* Coulee Dam
* Crater Lake
* Donner Lake
* Egg Harbor
* El Morro
* Elk Basin
* Fallen Timbers
* Forbes Road
* Fort Charlotte
* Fort Clatsop
* Fort Dearborn
* Fort Donelson
* Fort Erie
* Fort George
* Fort Henry
* Fort Matanzas
* Fort McHenry
* Fort Meigs
* Fort Moultrie
* Fort Stephenson
* Fort Sumter
* Fort Washington
* Fort William
* Fort Winnebago
* Fort Wood
* Gervais
* Glacier Park
* Grand Mesa
* Grand Teton
* Grande Ronde
* Hadley
* Hood River
* Hovenweep
* Idaho Falls
* Jacksonville
* Klamath Falls
* Lack Champlain
* Laurel Hill
* Lundy's Lane
* Meacham
* Mechanicsville
* Mesa Verde
* Montezuma Castle
* Nehalem
* New London
* Newberg
* Nickajack Trail
* Northfield
* Ochoco
* Oregon Trail
* Owyhee
* Pendleton
* Pequot Hill
* Pilot Butte
* Pioneer Valley
* Pipe Spring
* Plattsburg
* Pulpit Rock
* Quebec
* Queenstown Heights
* Rainier
* River Raisin
* Sackett's Harbor
* Schenectady
* Scotts Bluff
* Shawnee Trail
* Silverpeak
* Smoky Hill
* Stony Creek
* Stony Point
* Swan Island
* Table Rock
* The Dalles
* Tillamook
* Tonto
* Trailblazer
* Tumacacori
* Tuolumne Meadows
* Umatilla
* Verendrye
* W.L.R. Emmet
* Wallowa
* Warrior Point
* White Oak
* Wolf Creek
* Yamhill
* York

* v
* t
* e

Type C1-A ships

* Adabelle Lykes
* Cape Arago
* Cape Avinoff
* Cape Barnabas
* Cape Barrow
* Cape Beale
* Cape Blanco
* Cape Bon
* Cape Borda
* Cape Boyer
* Cape Breton
* Cape Canaveral
* Cape Canso
* Cape Carthage
* Cape Charles
* Cape Comfort
* Cape Constantine
* Cape Corwin
* Cape Decision
* Cape Diamond
* Cape Douglas
* Cape Ducato
* Cape Falcon
* Cape Farewell
* Cape Faro
* Cape Fear
* Cape Florida
* Cape Frio
* Cape Gaspe
* Cape Hatteras
* Cape Henlopen
* Cape Henry
* Cape Horn
* Cape Igvak
* Cape Juby
* Cape Lookout
* Cape Lopex
* Cape Matapan
* Cape Mohican
* Cape Nome
* Cape North
* Cape Nun
* Cape Palmas
* Cape Pembroke
* Cape Pillar
* Cape Poge
* Cape Porpoise
* Cape Race
* Cape River
* Cape Romano
* Cape Sable
* Cape Sable
* Cape San Antonio
* Cape San Blas
* Cape San Lucas
* Cape Sebastian
* Cape Spencer
* Cape St. Elias
* Cape St. George
* Cape Texas
* Cape Trafalgar
* Cape Ugal
* Marina
* Mormacdale

* v
* t
* e

Type C1-B ships

* Agwimonte
* Agwiprince
* Alcoa Partner
* Alcoa Pathfinder
* Alcoa Patriot
* Alcoa Pegasus
* Alcoa Pennant
* Alcoa Pilgrim (1941)
* Alcoa Pilgrim (1943)
* Alcoa Pioneer
* Alcoa Planter
* Alcoa Pointer
* Alcoa Polaris
* Alcoa Prospector
* Alcoa Puritan (1941)
* Alcoa Puritan (1943)
* American Builder
* American Leader
* American Manufacturer
* American Packer
* American Press
* Cape Alava
* Cape Alexander
* Cape Ann
* Cape Archway
* Cape Catoche
* Cape Chalmers
* Cape Cleare
* Cape Cod
* Cape Constance
* Cape Cumberland
* Cape Domingo
* Cape Edmont
* Cape Elizabeth
* Cape Fairweather
* Cape Flattery
* Cape Friendship
* Cape Georgia
* Cape Greig
* Cape Isabel
* Cape John
* Cape Johnson
* Cape Junction
* Cape Kildare
* Cape Kumukaki
* Cape Lambert
* Cape Lilibeo
* Cape Martin
* Cape May
* Cape Meares
* Cape Mendocino
* Cape Meredith
* Cape Neddick
* Cape Newenham
* Cape Orange
* Cape Perpetua
* Cape Possession
* Cape Romain
* Cape San Diego
* Cape San Juan
* Cape San Martin
* Cape San Martin
* Cape Sandy
* Cape Saunders
* Cape Spear
* Cape Stephens
* Cape Trinity
* Cape Tryon
* Cape Victory
* Comfort
* Fred Morris (1940)
* Fred Morris (1943)
* Hope
* Idaho
* James Lykes
* James McKay
* Jean Lykes
* John Lykes
* Joseph Lykes
* Liscomb Lykes
* Mercy
* Mormacdove
* Mormacgull
* Mormachawk
* Mormaclark
* Mormactern
* Mormacwren
* Nancy Lykes
* Oregon
* Reuben Tipton
* Solon Turman (1941)
* Solon Turman (1943)
* Stella Lykes
* Thompson Lykes
* Zoella Lykes

* v
* t
* e

Type C1-M ships

Type C1-M-AV1|

* Alamosa
* Alcona
* Acorn Knot / Sgt. George D Keathley
* Amador
* Anchor Bend
* Anchor Hitch
* Antrim
* Autauga
* Beaverhead
* Becket Bend / Private John F. Thorson
* Becket Hitch
* Bell Ringer / Captain Arlo L. Olson
* Beltrami
* Bight Knot
* Blackwall Hitch
* Blount
* Boatswain's Hitch
* Bowline Knot
* Brevard
* Bullock
* Buntline Hitch
* Cabell
* Cable Splice
* Caledonia
* Cape Somerset
* Cape Stanhope
* Capstan Knot
* Carrick Bend
* Cat's Paw
* Chain and Crown
* Charlevoix
* Chatham
* Check Knot / Sgt. Joseph E. Muller
* Chicot
* Cinch Knot
* Claiborne
* Clarion
* Clove Hitch
* Coastal Captain
* Coastal Charger
* Coastal Courser
* Coastal Crusader
* Coastal Guide / Sgt. George Peterson
* Coastal Mariner
* Coastal Monarch
* Coastal Monitor
* Coastal Rambler
* Coastal Ranger
* Coastal Telegrapher
* Codington
* Colquitt
* Craighead
* Crossing Hitch
* Crown and Diamond
* Crown Knot
* Diamond Hitch
* Diamond Knot
* Doddridge
* Double Loop
* Dragon Fly
* Duval
* Elmer J. Burr
* Emerald Knot
* Fairfield
* Faribault
* Fentress
* Fiador Knot
* Fisherman's Bend
* Flagler
* Flemish Knot
* Gadsden
* Glacier
* Grainger
* Grass Knot
* Gunner's Knot
* Gwinnett
* Habersham
* Half Hitch
* Half Knot
* Harold W. Roberts
* Hawser Bend
* Hawser Eye
* Hawser Splice
* Hennepin
* Herkimer
* Hickory Bay
* Hickory Beck
* Hickory Bourne
* Hickory Brae
* Hickory Brook
* Hickory Burn
* Hickory Cairn
* Hickory Cape
* Hickory Coll
* Hickory Crest
* Hickory Dale
* Hickory Dell
* Hickory Dyke
* Hickory Ghyll
* Hickory Glen
* Hickory Isle
* Hickory Knoll
* Hickory Lake
* Hickory Mount
* Hickory Stream
* Hickory Tarn
* Hickory Tor
* Hidalgo
* Honda Knot
* Hook Hitch
* Horseshoe Splice
* Jacob's Ladder
* Jumper Hitch
* Kenneth E. Gruennert / Grommet Reefer
* Kenosha
* Knob Knot
* Lancaster
* Lanyard Knot
* Leader Loop
* Lebanon
* Lehigh
* Lever's Bend
* Lewis Hall
* Link Splice / Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley
* Lock Knot
* Long Eye
* Long Splice / Private Frank J. Petrarca
* Loop Knot
* Magnus Hitch
* Maiden's Eye / Colonel William J. O'Brien
* Mainsheet Eye
* Manrope Knot
* Marengo
* Mariner's Splice
* Marline Hitch
* Marlingspike Hitch
* Masthead Knot
* Midland
* Minidoka
* Mooring Hitch
* Mooring Knot
* Muscatine
* Muskingum
* Nicollet
* Ocean Plat
* Pembina
* Pemiscot
* Phoebe Knot
* Pinellas
* Pipestone
* Pitkin
* Poinsett
* Pontotoc
* Reef Knot
* Reeving Eye
* Richland
* Rigger's Eye
* Ring Hitch
* Ring Knot
* Ring Splice
* Roband Hitch
* Rockdale
* Rolling Hitch
* Rose Knot
* Round Splice / Private Jose F. Valdez
* Running Knot
* Sailmaker's Splice
* Sailor's Splice
* Salmon Knot
* Sampan Hitch
* Schuyler
* Screven
* Sebastian
* Shamrock Knot
* Sheepshank
* Sheet Bend
* Shell Bar
* Short Splice
* Sinnet
* Snakehead
* Snug Hitch
* Somerset / Coastal Sentry
* Span Splice
* Spanish Bowline
* Spar Hitch
* Spindle Eye / Sgt. Curtis F. Shoup
* Spool Sinnet
* Square Knot
* Square Sinnet
* Star Knot
* Studding Sail
* Sussex
* Sword Knot
* Tag Knot
* Tapir Splice
* Tarrant
* Terminal Knot
* Thimble Eye
* Timber Hitch
* Tipton
* Traverse
* True Knot
* Tucked Bend
* Tulare
* Turk's Head
* Wall Knot
* Water Knot
* Westchester
* William G. Fournier
* William N. Nelson
* Yard Hitch

Type C1-M-AV7|

* Coastal Liberator

Type C1-M-AV8|

* Crossing Knot
* Flat Knot
* Marline Bend
* Persian Knot
* Single Hitch
* Solid Sinnet

Type C1-MT-BU1|

* Arizona Pine
* California Redwood
* Oregon Fir
* Washington Cedar

* v
* t
* e

Type C1-S ships

* Cape Argos
* Cape Berkeley
* Cape Comorin
* Cape Compass
* Cape Girardeau
* Cape Gregory
* Cape Lobos
* Cape Marshall
* Cape Pine
* Cape St. Roque
* Cape St. Vincent
* Cape Turner
* Cape Washington

* v
* t
* e

World War II Maritime Commission ship designs

Cargo designs|

* Type C1
* Type C2
* Type C3
* Type C4
* Type C5
* (Type C6)
* (Type C7)
* (Type C8)
* (Type C9)
* Type N3

Emergency cargo|

* Liberty ship ("EC2-S-C1")
* Victory ship ("VC2-S-AP1")

Tanker|

* T1 tanker
* T2 tanker
* T3 tanker
* Liberty ship ("Z-ET1-S-C3")

Special-purpose|

* Type S2 ("Tacoma-class frigate")
* Type S3-S2-BP ("Landing Ship, Tank")
* Type S3-S2-BP1 ("Neptune-class cable layer")
* Type S4-S2-BB3 ("Casablanca-class escort carrier")
* Type S4-SE2-BD1 ("Gilliam-class attack transport")
* Type S4-SE2-BE1 ("Artemis-class attack cargo ship")
* "Crane vessel-Derrick Barge"

Miscellaneous-cargo|

* Type L6 ("Lakers")
* Type N ("Coastal Cargo")
* Type P1 ("Passenger")
* Type P2 ("Passenger")
* Type R ("Refrigerated")
* Type B ("Barge")

Tugs|

* Type V ("Tugs")

See also:- Empire ship, Fort ship, Park ship, Ocean ship.

* v
* t
* e

United States naval ship classes of World War II

Aircraft carriers|

* Lexington
* RangerS
* Yorktown
* WaspS
* Essex
* MidwayC

Light aircraft carriers|

* Independence
* SaipanC

Escort carriers|

* Long Island
* Charger
* Bogue
* Sangamon
* Casablanca
* Commencement Bay

Battleships|

* Wyoming
* New York
* Nevada
* Pennsylvania
* New Mexico
* Tennessee
* Colorado
* North Carolina
* South Dakota
* Iowa
* MontanaX

Large cruisers|

* Alaska

Heavy cruisers|

* Pensacola
* Northampton
* Portland
* New Orleans
* WichitaS
* Baltimore
* Oregon CityC
* Des MoinesC

Light cruisers|

* Omaha
* Brooklyn
* Atlanta
* Cleveland
* FargoC
* JuneauC
* WorcesterC
* CL-154X

Gunboats|

* Dubuque
* SacramentoS
* Asheville
* PlymouthS
* WilliamsburgS
* St. AugustineS
* VixenS
* Erie
* PGM-1
* PGM-9

Destroyers|

* Sampson
* Caldwell
* Wickes
* Clemson
* Farragut
* Porter
* Mahan
* Gridley
* Bagley
* Somers
* Benham
* Sims
* Benson
* StevensonX
* Gleaves
* Fletcher
* Allen M. Sumner
* Robert H. Smith
* Gearing

Destroyer escorts|

* Evarts
* Buckley
* Cannon
* Edsall
* Rudderow
* John C. Butler

Patrol frigates|

* Asheville
* Tacoma

Patrol boats|

* Action
* PT boat

Minelayers|

* OglalaS
* WassucS
* MonadnockS
* MiantonomahS
* TerrorS
* KeokukS
* SalemS
* WeehawkenS
* Camanche
* Chimo

Minesweepers|

* Lapwing
* Raven
* Auk
* EagleS
* Hawk
* Admirable

Submarines|

* O
* R
* S
* Barracuda
* ArgonautS
* Narwhal
* DolphinS
* Cachalot
* Porpoise
* Salmon
* Sargo
* Tambor
* Mackerel
* Gato
* Balao
* Tench

Tankers|

* T1 tanker
* T2 tanker
* T3 tanker

Cargo ships|

* Liberty
* Victory
* Haskell
* Andromeda
* Arcturus
* Artemis
* Tolland
* Alstede
* Aldebaran
* Adria
* Acubens
* Arctic
* Denebola
* Hyades
* Mizar

Auxiliary ships|

* Ammunition
* Floating drydock
* Repair dock
* Barracks
* Collier
* Combat stores
* Destroyer tender
* Depot
* High-speed transport
* Hospital
* Ice cream barge
* Net laying
* Motor torpedo boat tender
* Reefer
* Oiler
* Repair
* Seaplane tender
* Submarine tender
* Underway replenishment

Completed after the war

Single ship of class

Cancelled
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