Xiangtan

For the county under the administration of the city, see Xiangtan County.

Prefecture-level city in Hunan, People's Republic of China

Xiangtan

湘潭市

Siangtan; Hsiangtan

Prefecture-level city

Jinyuan Square (2010 photo)

Location of Xiangtan Prefecture within Hunan Province.

Xiangtan

Location of the city centre in Hunan

Coordinates (Xiangtan municipal government): 27°49′53″N 112°56′43″E﻿ / ﻿27.8313°N 112.9454°E﻿ / 27.8313; 112.9454
Country| People's Republic of China
Province| Hunan
Municipal seat| Yuetang District
Government

• Mayor| Zhang Yingchun (张迎春)
• Party Secretary| Cao Jiongfang (曹炯芳)
Area

• Prefecture-level city

| 5,006 km2 (1,933 sq mi)
• Urban

(2017)[1]

| 169.02 km2 (65.26 sq mi)
• Districts[1]| 657.7 km2 (253.9 sq mi)
Population

(2010 census)

• Prefecture-level city

| 2,752,171
• Density| 550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
• Urban

(2017)[1]

| 817,600
• Urban density| 4,800/km2 (13,000/sq mi)
• Districts[1]

| 915,000
GDP[2]

• Prefecture-level city| CN¥ 269.8 billion
US$ 40.0 billion
• Per capita| CN¥ 98,947
US$ 14,713
Time zone| UTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 code| CN-HN-03
Website| www.xiangtan.gov.cn
Xiangtan

Chinese| 湘潭
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Xiāngtán
Wade–Giles| Hsiang1-tan2
IPA| [ɕjáŋtʰǎn]

Xiangtan (Chinese: 湘潭) is a prefecture-level city in east-central Hunan province, south-central China. The hometowns of several founding leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, including Chairman Mao Zedong, President Liu Shaoqi, and Marshal Peng Dehuai, are in Xiangtan's administration, as well as the hometowns of Qing dynasty and republic era painter Qi Baishi, scholar-general Zeng Guofan, and tennis player Peng Shuai.

Xiangtan forms a part of the Greater Changsha Metropolitan Region with Changsha as the core city along with Zhuzhou, also known as Changzhutan City Cluster, one of the core cities in Central China.

Xiangtan is one of the top 200 cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index.[3] It is home to Xiangtan University, a Double First-Class Construction university, and two provincial key public universities of Hunan Institute of Engineering and Hunan University of Science and Technology,[4] as well as a high-tech industrial development zone.

## Geography

[edit]

Xiangtan is located on the lower reaches of the Xiang River.

## Etymology

[edit]

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The name "Xiangtan" is derived from local geography, but the explanations for its origin vary somewhat in details. In any case, "Xiang" (湘) refers to the Xiang River, while "Tan" (潭) is a Chinese term that means "deep pool", specifically one produced by a moving current or waterfall; "Tan" in rivers generally are places where the current eddies. One reasoning is that the city was built by a large eddy in a bend of the Xiang River, and was thus called "Xiang-Tan". Another more likely story says the name originated in the Xiangzhou Eddy, today called the Zhao Eddy (昭潭). The Zhao Eddy is an ancient whirlpool located in a deep section of the Xiang River near the traditional border between Xiangtan and Changsha, and is named for King Zhao of Zhou, who is said to have died there.

## History

[edit]

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### Pre-Ming dynasty

[edit]

Relics from the Daxi culture indicate that people inhabited the Xiangtan area in the 3rd millennium BC. Shang dynasty bronzewares have been found in the region, as well as tombs from the Warring States period. During the Three Kingdoms period, the kingdom of Eastern Wu built a city in the west of modern Xiangtan City and organized the Hengyang Commandery (衡陽郡) around it. In 749, the Tang dynasty organized the area as Xiangtan County, centered at modern Yisu River (易俗河). By the time of the Northern Song dynasty, Xiangtan's good access to both land and water trade routes had established it as the major commercial center of the region.

### Ming and Qing dynasties

[edit]

Xiangtan prospered throughout the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty upon an economic foundation of trading in rice and traditional Chinese medicinal ingredients, and was sometimes referred to as "Little Nanjing" or "Golden Xiangtan". Prior to the Second Opium War, Xiangtan was a central transfer point for import and export goods going to and from ports in Canton, Shanghai, and Wuhan, supported by approximately 200,000 inhabitants.

## Population

[edit]

As of 2010 census, Xiangtan had 2,748,552 inhabitants, of whom 1,877,919 lived in the built-up area (2 urban districts plus Xiangtan county). Together with the four adjoining urban districts of Zhuzhou, its built-up area is home to 2,933,069 inhabitants. In 2007, the city was named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.[5]

## Geography and climate

[edit]

Map including Xiangtan (labeled as HSIANG-T'AN (SIANGTAN) 湘潭) (AMS, 1954)

Xiangtan has a humid subtropical climate with long, hot summers, and cool to cold, cloudy, damp winters with occasional snow flurries. Within its administrative area, the annual mean temperature is 17.4 °C (63.3 °F), with the coolest month being January, which averages 5.1 °C (41.2 °F), and the hottest July, at 29.1 °C (84.4 °F).

Climate data for Xiangtan, elevation 64 m (210 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 23.5
(74.3)  | 30.1
(86.2)  | 33.8
(92.8)  | 35.4
(95.7)  | 36.0
(96.8)  | 37.5
(99.5)  | 39.6
(103.3)  | 41.8
(107.2)  | 40.0
(104.0)  | 34.2
(93.6)  | 32.7
(90.9)  | 24.7
(76.5)  | 41.8
(107.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 8.8
(47.8)  | 11.8
(53.2)  | 16.1
(61.0)  | 22.6
(72.7)  | 27.1
(80.8)  | 30.1
(86.2)  | 33.7
(92.7)  | 33.1
(91.6)  | 28.9
(84.0)  | 23.6
(74.5)  | 17.8
(64.0)  | 11.7
(53.1)  | 22.1
(71.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 5.3
(41.5)  | 7.9
(46.2)  | 11.9
(53.4)  | 17.9
(64.2)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 25.9
(78.6)  | 29.1
(84.4)  | 28.3
(82.9)  | 24.2
(75.6)  | 18.8
(65.8)  | 13.1
(55.6)  | 7.5
(45.5)  | 17.7
(63.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 2.8
(37.0)  | 5.1
(41.2)  | 8.9
(48.0)  | 14.5
(58.1)  | 19.1
(66.4)  | 22.8
(73.0)  | 25.6
(78.1)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 20.9
(69.6)  | 15.4
(59.7)  | 9.7
(49.5)  | 4.4
(39.9)  | 14.5
(58.1)
Record low °C (°F)  | −6.2
(20.8)  | −8.0
(17.6)  | −1.6
(29.1)  | 2.4
(36.3)  | 9.6
(49.3)  | 13.2
(55.8)  | 19.3
(66.7)  | 17.1
(62.8)  | 12.1
(53.8)  | 2.0
(35.6)  | −1.4
(29.5)  | −12.1
(10.2)  | −12.1
(10.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 73.2
(2.88)  | 87.7
(3.45)  | 144.6
(5.69)  | 156.1
(6.15)  | 198.1
(7.80)  | 230.7
(9.08)  | 157.8
(6.21)  | 105.7
(4.16)  | 76.1
(3.00)  | 61.8
(2.43)  | 77.2
(3.04)  | 55.1
(2.17)  | 1,424.1
(56.06)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.9  | 14.1  | 17.7  | 17.0  | 16.6  | 15.1  | 10.3  | 11.0  | 9.0  | 10.1  | 10.4  | 10.6  | 155.8
Average snowy days  | 4.5  | 2.2  | 0.4  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0.1  | 1.6  | 8.8
Average relative humidity (%)  | 81  | 81  | 83  | 81  | 82  | 84  | 77  | 79  | 81  | 79  | 79  | 79  | 81
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 61.6  | 66.2  | 81.7  | 108.8  | 138.8  | 141.1  | 231.3  | 214.2  | 159.1  | 132.4  | 113.9  | 96.0  | 1,545.1
Percentage possible sunshine | 19  | 21  | 22  | 28  | 33  | 34  | 55  | 53  | 44  | 38  | 36  | 30  | 34
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7]

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

The city of Xiangtan has direct jurisdiction over two districts (区; qū), two county-level cities (市; shì), and one county (县; xiàn):

* Yuetang District (岳塘区)
* Yuhu District (雨湖区)
* Shaoshan City (韶山市)
* Xiangxiang City (湘乡市)
* Xiangtan County (湘潭县)

Map

Yuhu

Yuetang

Xiangtan
County

Xiangxiang
(city)

Shaoshan
(city)

Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pingyi | Population (2010) | Area (km2)
City Proper
Yuetang District | 岳塘区 | Yuètáng Qū | 501,348  | 206.4
Yuhu District | 雨湖区 | Yǔhú Qū | 457,955  | 451.39
Suburban
Shaoshan City  | 韶山市 | Sháoshān Shì | 86,036  | 247.3
Xiangxiang City  | 湘乡市 | Xiāngxiāng Shì | 787,216  | 1,912.7
Rural
Xiangtan County | 湘潭县 | Xiāngtán Xiàn | 915,997  | 2,132.8

## Economy

[edit]

In 2006, Xiangtan's nominal GDP was ¥42.2 billion (US$6.2 billion), a year-on-year growth of 13.2% from the previous year. Its per capita GDP was ¥15,455 (US$2,265).

Xiangtan is famous for its production of lotus seed and soy sauce. People in Xiangtan like to chew areca nut (槟榔; bīngláng), though the area itself doesn't grow them. Most raw areca nut fruits are from Hainan and processed locally. The history of consuming areca nut dates back to 400 years ago, when people chewed it for pandemic prevention. Nowadays, it is quite common to see people chewing areca nut in Hunan.[8] In 2003, the sales revenue of areca nut industry in Xiangtan had reached ¥800 million.

## Government

[edit]

Main article: Politics of Xiangtan

The current Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Xiangtan is Cao Jiongfang and the current mayor is Zhang Yingchun.[9][10]

## Transportation

[edit]

Xiangtan is well connected by roads, river and rail. There is a shuttle bus service connecting to Changsha Huanghua International Airport.

## Tourism

[edit]

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|

Many people continue to visit Shaoshan, Xiangtan to visit the birthplace of Mao Zedong, the former Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1976.

Some local people like to visit zhaoshan, a small mountain surrounded by trees in Xiangtan.

## Sports

[edit]

Professional tennis player Peng Shuai was born and trained in Xiangtan.[11] Xiangtan Stadium was the home to Bayi Football Team of the Chinese Football Association Jia League (now Chinese Super League) from 2002 to 2003.

## Colleges and universities

[edit]

Xiangtan is one of the top 200 cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index.[3] It is home to Xiangtan University, a Double First-Class Construction university, and two provincial key public universities, Hunan Institute of Engineering and Hunan University of Science and Technology. Following is a list of institutions with full-time bachelor programs in Xiangtan:

* Xiangtan University (湘潭大学)
* Hunan University of Science and Technology (湖南科技大学)
* Hunan Institute of Engineering (湖南工程学院)
* Xiangtan Institute of Technology [zh] (湘潭理工学院)
* Hunan Software Vocational and Technical University [zh] (湖南软件职业技术大学)

## Notable locals

[edit]

Xiangtan is the birthplace of:

* Mao Zedong
* Mao Yichang
* Mao Ning
* Peng Dehuai
* Qi Baishi
* Zeng Guofan
* James Soong
* Tang Hongbo
* Peng Shuai
* Ma Ho-ling
* Ma Ying-jeou

## See also

[edit]

* List of Catholic dioceses in China
* List of twin towns and sister cities in China

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 68\. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
2. ^ "2022年湖南省各市州地区生产总值（三季度".[permanent dead link]
3. ^ a b "Leading 200 science cities | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
4. ^ "US News Best Global Universities Ranking. Universities in Xiangtan". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
5. ^ "China's Top 10 Most Livable Cities". hnloudi.gov.cn. Hunan Loudi Official Government. 2012-03-28. Archived from the original on 2013-04-10. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
6. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
7. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
8. ^ "Despite Risks, an Addictive Treat Fuels a Chinese City" Archived 2017-03-14 at the Wayback Machine article by Dan Levin in The New York Times August 19, 2010, accessed August 20, 2010
9. ^ 重磅！张迎春提名湘潭史上首位女市长. Sohu (in Chinese). 2019-02-22.
10. ^ Peng Ting; Cao Yang (2019-03-27). 刚刚，张迎春当选湘潭市人民政府市长. hunan.voc.com.cn (in Chinese).
11. ^ Agranum, Ritz (2016-07-03). "Tennis News: Peng Shuai of China Struggling to get in top Shape Ahead of Rio Olympics". Chinatopix. Retrieved 2017-01-16.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 湘潭.

Look up Xiangtan, Hsiangtan, or Hsiang-t'an in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

* Xiangtan Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone
* German Industrial Park

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Hunan topics

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Xiangtan|

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Zhangjiajie|

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Yiyang|

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Chenzhou|

* Beihu District
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Yongzhou|

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Huaihua|

* Hecheng District
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* Chenxi County
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Loudi|

* Louxing District
* Lengshuijiang city
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Autonomous prefecture|

| Xiangxi|

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| Provinces|

| Anhui|

* *Hefei
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|

Fujian|

* *Fuzhou
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Gansu|

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Guangdong|

* *★Guangzhou
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Hainan|

* *Haikou
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* *Baoting County (Li and Miao)
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Hebei|

* *Shijiazhuang
* ✧Tangshan
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* Chengde
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Henan|

* *Zhengzhou
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Hubei|

* *★Wuhan
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jingzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou
* Enshi (Tujia and Miao)
* *Xiantao
* *Qianjiang
* *Tianmen
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Heilongjiang|

* *★Harbin
* Qiqihar
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yichun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua
* Daxing'anling Prefecture

Hunan|

* *Changsha
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi
* Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)

Jilin|

* *★Changchun
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng
* Yanbian (Korean)

Jiangsu|

* *★Nanjing
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Changzhou
* ✧Suzhou
* Nantong
* Lianyungang
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Taizhou
* Suqian

Jiangxi|

* *Nanchang
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yichun
* Fuzhou
* Shangrao

Liaoning|

* *★Shenyang
* ★Dalian
* Anshan
* Fushun
* Benxi
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Qinghai|

* *Xining
* Haidong
* Haibei (Tibetan)
* Huangnan (Tibetan)
* Hainan (Tibetan)
* Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)
* Yushu (Tibetan)
* Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)

Sichuan|

* *★Chengdu
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Bazhong
* Ziyang
* Ya'an
* Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)
* Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)
* Liangshan (Yi)

Shaanxi|

* *★Xi'an
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yulin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Shandong|

* *★Jinan
* ★Qingdao
* Zibo
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Shanxi|

* *Taiyuan
* Datong
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Taiwan|

* *Taibei
* Gaoxiong
* Xinbei
* Taizhong
* Tainan
* Taoyuan

Yunnan|

* *Kunming
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang
* Chuxiong (Yi)
* Honghe (Hani and Yi)
* Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)
* Xishuangbanna (Dai)
* Dali (Bai)
* Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)
* Nujiang (Lisu)
* Dêqên (Tibetan)

Zhejiang|

* *★Hangzhou
* ★Ningbo
* ✧Wenzhou
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Taizhou
* Lishui

Autonomous
regions|

| Guangxi|

* *Nanning
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yulin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

|

Ningxia|

* *Yinchuan
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Inner
Mongolia|

* *Hohhot
* ✧Baotou
* Wuhai
* Chifeng "Ulankhad"
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur "Bayannao'er"
* Ulanqab
* Hinggan League
* Xilingol League
* Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"

Xinjiang|

* *Ürümqi
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami
* Changji (Hui)
* Bortala (Mongol)
* Bayingolin (Mongol)
* Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)
* ( ☆Ili (Kazakh)
* Tacheng Prefecture
* Altay Prefecture )
* Aksu Prefecture
* Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture
* Hotan Prefecture
* *Shihezi
* *Aral
* *Tumxuk
* *Wujiaqu
* *Beitun
* *Tiemenguan
* *Shuanghe
* *Kokdala
* *Kunyu
* *Huyanghe
* *Xinxing

Tibet|

* *Lhasa
* Shigatse "Xigazê"
* Chamdo "Qamdo"
* Nyingchi "Linzhi"
* Shannan
* Nagqu
* Ngari Prefecture

| Direct-administered municipalities|

* Beijing
* Tianjin
* Shanghai
* Chongqing

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* Yale LUX

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