Yanzhou (ancient China)

One of the Nine Provinces of ancient China

See also: Yanzhou (disambiguation)

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Yanzhou

Chinese| 兗州 ／ 兖州
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Yǎnzhōu
alternative spelling
Chinese| 沇州
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Yǎnzhōu
Chinese provinces in the late Eastern Han dynasty period, 189 CE.

Yan Province or Yanzhou was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China, a list of regions compiled by Yu the Great when he toured the land after stopping the Great Flood and succeeding Emperor Yao.

## Description

[edit]

In the Shang Shu, translated by Martin Palmer, Yu's report on Yanzhou is as follows:[1]

> Yanzhou Area: between the Ji and Yellow River. Nine rivers returned to their proper way. Leixia is an area of lake once again and functioning properly. Yong and Ju rivers flows into it. Mulberry bushes grow here now – people have settled here from the hills to cultivate the fields. Soil: rich and dark. Grass – good; woodlands healthy. Tax: middling. Fields: upper middling. Note – over the past thirteen years productivity has risen. Tribute: dyes, silks – in special coloured containers. Route: via the Ji and Ta rivers into the Yellow River.

> — Confucius, translated by Martin Palmer, Shang Shu

## History

[edit]

During the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), Yanzhou covered roughly present-day southwestern Shandong, eastern Henan, and the northwestern corner of Jiangsu. The name is reflected in the modern city of Yanzhou, Jining, Shandong. [citation needed]

In 1265, during the Song dynasty, Yanzhou was upgraded to Jiande Fu, overseeing six counties: Jiande County, Chun'an County, Sui’an County, Shouchang County, Fenshui County and Tonglu County.[2]

During the Qing dynasty, Yanzhou influence started to decline.[2]

In 1912, Yanzhou was revoked and in 1914 it was integrated into the Dao (道) prefecture.[2]

## Government

[edit]

The Yanzhou government seat was located at the northern end of the central axis, halfway up the mountains, to avoid floods caused by the nearby rivers and to create "a sense of oppression" in the inner city.[2]

In 1578, the government inner walls were dismantled, with its citizens gaining access to their headquarters. The government also moved to the northern end of the city.[2]

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Chinese provinces before the Qin dynasty

Nine Provinces mentioned in
"Tribute of Yu", Classic of History|

* Ji
* Yan
* Qing
* Xu
* Yu
* Yang
* Jing
* Liang
* Yong

Nine Provinces mentioned in
"Explaining Earth", Erya|

* Ji
* Yan
* You
* Xu
* Yu
* Yang
* Jing
* Ying
* Yong

Nine Provinces mentioned in
"Clan Responsibilities", Rituals of Zhou|

* Ji
* Yan
* Qing
* You
* Yu
* Yang
* Jing
* Bing
* Yong

Nine Provinces mentioned in
"Initial Survey", Lüshi Chunqiu|

* Ji
* Yan
* Qing
* Xu
* Yu
* Yang
* Jing
* You
* Yong

Twelve Provinces in
Yao and Shun's time|

* Ji
* Yan
* Qing
* Xu
* Yu
* Yang
* Jing
* Liang
* Yong
* You
* Bing
* Ying

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Provinces and commanderies of the Han dynasty (140 AD)

Sili|

* Henan
* Henei
* Hedong
* Hongnong
* Jingzhao
* Zuopingyi
* Youfufeng

Han provinces and commanderies in 219 CE

Yu Province|

* Yingchuan
* Runan
* Liang
* Pei
* Chen
* Lu

Ji Province|

* Wei
* Julu
* Changshan
* Zhongshan
* Xindu
* Hejian
* Qinghe
* Handan
* Bohai

Yan Province|

* Chenliu
* Dong
* Dongping
* Rencheng
* Taishan
* Jibei
* Shanyang
* Jiyin

Xu Province|

* Donghai
* Langya
* Pengcheng
* Guangling
* Linhuai

Qing Province|

* Jinan
* Pingyuan
* Le'an
* Beihai
* Donglai
* Qi

Jing Province|

* Nanyang
* Nan
* Jiangxia
* Lingling
* Guiyang
* Wuling
* Changsha

Yang Province|

* Jiujiang
* Danyang
* Lujiang
* Kuaiji
* Wu
* Yuzhang

Yi Province|

* Hanzhong
* Ba
* Guanghan
* Shu
* Jianwei
* Zangke
* Yuexi
* Yizhou
* Yongchang

Liang Province|

* Longxi
* Hanyang
* Wudu
* Jincheng
* Anding
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Jiuquan
* Dunhuang

Bing Province|

* Shangdang
* Taiyuan
* Xihe
* Yunzhong
* Dingxiang
* Yanmen

Shuofang Province|

* Shuofang
* Wuyuan
* Shang
* Xihe
* Beidi

You Province|

* Zhuo
* Guangyang
* Dai
* Shanggu
* Yuyang
* Youbeiping
* Liaoxi
* Liaodong
* Xuantu
* Lelang

Jiaozhi Province|

* Nanhai
* Cangwu
* Yulin
* Hepu
* Jiaozhi
* Jiuzhen
* Rinan

Full list (202 BC – 220 AD)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Confucius (2014-07-31). The Most Venerable Book (Shang Shu). Translated by Palmer, Martin. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-14-197040-0.
2. ^ a b c d e Sun, Yuan; Wu, Yiqun; Yu, Huifang; Li, Yonghua (2024). "County-level urban forms and their correlation with local governance in Jiande, China: evidence from historical records". Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. Taylor & Francis: 1–14\. doi:10.1080/13467581.2024.2322000.

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