Ying (state)

Chinese state (c. 1030–646 BCE)

Ying

c. 1030–646 BCE

Ying 應 is located to the north of Chu and southeast of Zhou; it is not to be confused with Ying 英, a different state to the east of Chu.

Status| Vassal state
Capital| Pingdingshan
Common languages| Old Chinese
Religion

| Chinese folk religion
Ancestor veneration
Government| Monarchy
Historical era| Zhou dynasty

• Established

| c. 1030 BCE

• Disestablished

| 646 BCE
Today part of| China

Ying (traditional Chinese: 應; simplified Chinese: 应; pinyin: Yīng) was a minor kingdom in eastern China that existed from c. 1030 to 646 BCE. Sometime after its establishment it became a vassal state of the Western Zhou, which extended into the Spring and Autumn period. Ying briefly became a vassal state of Chu in the early-600s BCE, but was annexed by the Chu in 646 BCE. Ying was in modern-day Pingdingshan, Henan province, where many artifacts from the state have been unearthed.[1]

## History

[edit]

The state of Ying was founded around 1030 BCE by Ying Hou, a younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou.[2]: 312

### Partial list of rulers

[edit]

* 1\. Ying Hou (應侯) younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou[1]
* 2\. Ying Hou Xiangong (應侯見工), son of Ying Hou[3]

(Unknown intermediary king[s])

* Ying Ligong (or Xigong, 應釐公)[4]

(Unknown intermediary king[s])

* Ying Houcheng (應侯爯)[4]

(Unknown later king[s])

## See also

[edit]

* Warring States period

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Shaughnessy, Edward L. (2001). "New Sources of Western Zhou History: Recent Discoveries of Inscribed Bronze Vessels". Early China. 26/27: 73–98\. doi:10.1017/S0362502800007240. ISSN 0362-5028. JSTOR 23354199. S2CID 163754190.
2. ^ Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999-03-13). The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521470308.
3. ^ Wang, Longzheng (2009). "新见应侯见工簋铭文考释" [Explanation of the New Discoveries of Ying Hou Xiangong's gui Inscription]. Central Plains Historical Relics (in Chinese). 5: 54–58 - via Ai Xueshu.
4. ^ a b "应侯簋考释" [Examination of Ying Hou's gui Inscription]. Cultural Sinology Reports (in Chinese). 15: 1–5 - via Baidu.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Liu, Yuan (Spring 2005). "读《西周封国考疑》" [Commentary on Verifying Western Zhou Vassals]. Chinese Historical Research Trends (in Chinese): 28–29
* Ying, Weiqiang 古应国文明史 [Ancient History of the Ying Civilization]. (in Chinese)

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