Zhang Yinhuan

Chinese diplomat (1837–1900)

In this Chinese name, the family name is  Zhang.

Zhang Yinhuan

GCMG

Minister of Zongli Yamen
In office
March 29, 1890 – September 24, 1898
In office
June 8 – September 3, 1884
3rd Chinese ambassador to the United States
In office
July 27, 1885 – September 28, 1889
Preceded by| Zheng Zaoru
Succeeded by| Tsui Kwo Yin
Personal details
Born| 1837
Nanhai, Foshan
Died| 1900 (aged 62-63)
Xinjiang

Zhang Yinhuan GCMG (Chinese: 張蔭桓; pinyin: Zhāng Yīnhuán; 1837–1900), courtesy names Haoluan (Chinese: 皓巒) and Qiaoye (Chinese: 樵野), was the third Chinese Ambassador to the United States during the Qing dynasty.

## Biography

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At a young age, he attempted to take the imperial examination, but when he did not pass, he gave up, in 1862, he followed his uncle to Jinan, paid money, and obtained the status of Zhixian. Afterward, he became a staff officer in the Shandong Census, and his abilities were evaluated by the Shandong Census and Ding Baozhen, and he was recommended to the Taoist, and was promoted to Azechi.

Eventually, he was called to Beijing and joined the Prime Minister's Department of Foreign Affairs, where he was promoted to Sajuro Tobe, and after that held successive positions in the Engineering Department, Criminal Affairs Department, Military Department, Religious Affairs Department, and Office Department. In 1885, he became minister to the United States, Spain, and Peru.[1][2] During his tenure, he consulted on the issues of overseas Chinese workers.

In 1895, due to the crushing defeat of the Beiyang Fleet in the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing court dispatched Yinhuan and Shao Youlian, the commander of Hunan, as ambassadors with plenipotentiary power to make peace. However, he was refused negotiations in Hiroshima and was eventually replaced by Li Hongzhang and his adopted son Li Jingfang, who signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki.

In 1897, he visited the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Germany, and Russia. In March 1898, he served as deputy plenipotentiary for the Russo-Qing Treaty on Port Arthur and Dalian Concession, which was signed in Beijing (the chief plenipotentiary was Li Hongzhang).

Yinhuan supported the law reform movement and was close to Kang Youwei, so he was exiled to Xinjiang Province after the Hundred Days' Reform. In 1900, he was executed in exile during the Boxer Rebellion.

## References

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1. ^ Unno 1992, p. 69–73.
2. ^ Shunshin 1983, p. 44–50.

### Bibliography

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* Unno, Fukuju (1992). 集英社版 日本の歴史18 日清・日露戦争 [Shueisha Edition Japanese History 18: Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars] (in Japanese). Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-195018-0.
* Shunshin, Chin (1983). 中国の歴史14 中華の躍進 [History of China 14: China's breakthrough] (in Japanese). Heibonsha. ISBN 4582487149.

* v
* t
* e

Ambassador of China to the United States

Qing minister
1875–1912|

* Chen Lanbin 1875–81
* Cheng Tsao-Ju 1881–85
* Zhang Yinhuan 1885–89
* Tsui Kwo Yin 1889–93
* Yang Yü 1893–96
* Wu Tingfang 1896–1902
* Liang Cheng 1902–07
* Wu Tingfang 1907–09
* Zhang Yintang 1909–11
* Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1911–12

Republic of China
Envoy
1912–35|

* Zhang Yintang 1912–13
* Xia Xiefu 1913–15
* V. K. Wellington Koo 1915–20
* Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1920–29
* Wu Chaoshu 1929–31
* Yan Huiqing 1931–33
* Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1933–35

Republic of China
Ambassador
1935–79|

* Alfred Sao-ke Sze 1935–36
* Chengting T. Wang 1936–38
* Hu Shih 1938–42
* Wei Tao-ming 1942–46
* Wellington Koo 1946–56
* Hollington Tong 1956–58
* George Yeh 1958–61
* Tsiang Tingfu 1961–65
* Zhou Shukai 1965–71
* James Shen 1971–79

People's Republic of China
Liaison Office Chief
1973–79|

* Huang Zhen 1973–77
* Chai Zemin 1978–79

People's Republic of China
Ambassador
1979–present|

* Chai Zemin 1979–82
* Zhang Wenjin 1983–85
* Han Xu 1985–89
* Zhu Qizhen 1989–93
* Li Daoyu 1993–98
* Li Zhaoxing 1998–2001
* Yang Jiechi 2001–05
* Zhou Wenzhong 2005–10
* Zhang Yesui 2010–13
* Cui Tiankai 2013–21
* Qin Gang 2021–23
* Xie Feng 2023-present

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* Germany
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