Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics and computational biology involve the use of techniques including applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry and biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level. Research in computational biology often overlaps with systems biology. Major research efforts in the field include sequence alignment, gene finding, genome assembly, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of gene expression and protein-protein interactions, and the modeling of evolution.

The terms bioinformatics and computational biology are often used interchangeably. However bioinformatics more properly refers to the creation and advancement of algorithms, computational and statistical techniques, and theory to solve formal and practical problems posed by or inspired from the management and analysis of biological data. Computational biology, on the other hand, refers to hypothesis-driven investigation of a specific biological problem using computers, carried out with experimental and simulated data, with the primary goal of discovery and the advancement of biological knowledge. A similar distinction is made by National Institutes of Health in their working definitions of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, where it is further emphasized that there is a tight coupling of developments and knowledge between the more hypothesis-driven research in computational biology and technique-driven research in bioinformatics. Computational biology also includes lesser known but equally important subdisciplines such as computational biochemistry and computational biophysics.

A common thread in projects in bioinformatics and computational biology is the use of mathematical tools to extract useful information from data produced by high-throughput biological techniques such as genome sequencing. A representative problem in bioinformatics is the assembly of high-quality genome sequences from fragmentary "shotgun" DNA sequencing. Other common problems include the study of gene regulation using data from microarrays or mass spectrometry.

## Prerequisite

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To understand Bioinformatics it is necessary to know  basic computer operation and  Molecular Biology. For advanced study it may be necessary to know some Mathematics, Computer Administration, and Computer Programming

## Learning materials and learning projects

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* How to access the genome databases

### Sequence alignment exercises

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* Dot-matrix_methods

## Reference

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* Wikibooks: Bioinformatics

## Scientific Journals

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Journals found at Directory of Open Access Journals

### Open Access Bioinformatics Online Courses

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* EMBL-EBI Train Online e-learning Portal
* SIB online courses
* NCBI tutorials

### Open Access Journals

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* EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
* Advances in Bioinformatics
* BMC Bioinformatics
* Advances and Applications in Bioinformatics and Chemistry
* Evolutionary Bioinformatics
* In Silico Biology
* International Journal of Biometrics and Bioinformatics
* International Journal of Integrative Biology
* Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics
* The Open Bioinformatics Journal
* Proteome Science
* Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling
* Türk Biyokimya Dergisi (Turkish Journal of Biochemistry)

### Hybrid Access Journals

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* Bioinformatics