Data Coding and Information Decoding

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Introduction to Computers

1. What is a computer?
2. Hardware
3. Numeral systems
4. Data sizes and speeds
5. Data Coding and Information Decoding
6. Types of computers
7. What is a motherboard?
8. Computer networks
9. Software
10. Information technology

## Unique Code

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Data consists of numbers, text, sounds, images, videos, etc. In order to define them in the real world, we are using numbers (0-9), letters (A-Z) and symbols (@,[,\, etc) or a combination thereof. For example:

* 2012 (number)
* Wikiversity (letters)
* 3<5 (combination of numbers and symbols)
* X=(Y*Z)+W-U (combination of alphabet and symbols)
* N123 (combination of letters and numbers)

Computers, however, don't understand the definitions for numbers (0-9), letters (A-Z) and symbols (@,[,\, etc), so in order to process those pieces of information a unique code must be assigned to each of them. The unique code for numbers, letters, and symbols is a binary numeral.

Coding and decoding process

show 1,0 in binary numbers

In practical use, each "0" and "1" in binary number uses a Physical attribute that is electrical or magnetic. The smallest part of that Physical attribute is named "Bit", the existence of the Physical attribute is "1", and the absence of the Physical attribute is "0"; 8 bits grouped up are called 1 Byte (so 1 byte=8 bits).

The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, represents numeric values using two symbols - 0 and 1.

Examples:

* numerical value " 0 " is 0. The unique code for 0 is →  00000000
* numerical value " 1 " is 1. The unique code for 1 is →  00000001
* numerical value " 2 " is 10. The unique code for 2 is →  00000010
* numerical value " 3 " is 11. The unique code for 3 is →  00000011
* numerical value " 4 " is 100. The unique code for 4 is →  00000100
* numerical value " 5 " is 101. The unique code for 5 is →  00000101
* numerical value " 6 " is 110. The unique code for 6 is →  00000110
* numerical value " 7 " is 111. The unique code for 7 is →  00000111
* numerical value " 8 " is 1000. The unique code for 8 is →  00001000
* numerical value " 9 " is 1001. The unique code for 9 is →  00001001

Alphabet (A,...Z):

* The unique code for " A " is →  01000001
* The unique code for " B " is →  01000010
* The unique code for " C " is →  01000011
* The unique code for " D " is →  01000100
* The unique code for " E " is →  01000101
* The unique code for " F " is →  01000110
* The unique code for " G " is →  01000111
* The unique code for " H " is →  01001000
* The unique code for " I " is →  01001001
* The unique code for " J " is →  01001010
* The unique code for " K " is →  01001011
* The unique code for " L " is →  01001100
* The unique code for " M " is →  01001101
* The unique code for " N " is →  01001110
* The unique code for " O " is →  01001111
* The unique code for " P " is →  01010000
* The unique code for " Q " is →  01010001
* The unique code for " R " is →  01010010
* The unique code for " S " is →  01010011
* The unique code for " T " is →  01010100
* The unique code for " U " is →  01010101
* The unique code for " V " is →  01010110
* The unique code for " W " is →  01010111
* The unique code for " X " is →  01011000
* The unique code for " Y " is →  01011001
* The unique code for " Z " is →  01011010

for symbols ():

* The unique code for " @ " is →  01000000
* The unique code for " [ " is →  01011011
* The unique code for " \ " is →  01011100
* .....
* .....
* .....

Coding and decoding process

## Distinction between "Data" and "Information"

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Distinction between "Data" and "Information"

Supplemental Course Navigation

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