Developmental Disabilities

What are Developmental Disabilities

* a group of conditions due to impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas” ("Facts About Developmental Disabilities").
* identified before the age of 22 and usually last throughout a person’s lifetime” ("Developmental Disabilities").
* Types ("Developmental Disabilities")

1. intellectual disabilities

* characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills ("Definition of Intellectual Disability")
* for many children, the cause of their intellectual disability is not known ("Facts About Intellectual Disabilities")

1. autism spectrum disorders

* group of developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges ("Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)")
* Two Areas ("Autism Spectrum Disorder")

1. social impairment, including difficulties with social communication
2. repetitive and stereotyped behaviors

1. Down syndrome

* most common genetic chromosomal disorder and cause of learning disabilities in children (“Down Syndrome")
* Down syndrome occurs when an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21 (“Down Syndrome")

1. language and learning disorders

* Language disorders in children refer to problems with either getting their meaning or message across to others or understanding the message coming from others ("Language disorder - children: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia")
* Learning disorders affect how a person understands, remembers and responds to new information ("Learning Disorders: MedlinePlus")
* may have problems listening, paying attention, speaking, reading, writing, and/or doing math ("Learning Disorders: MedlinePlus")

1. cerebral palsy

* refers to any one of a number of neurological disorders that appear in infancy or early childhood and permanently affect body movement and muscle coordination but don’t worsen over time ("NINDS Cerebral Palsy Information Page")
* cannot be cured

1. vision impairment

* describe any kind of vision loss, whether it's someone who cannot see at all or someone who has partial vision loss (Salvin)

1. hearing loss

* associated with any issues individuals may have with hearing
* described in 3 categories ("What is Hearing Loss?")

1. type of hearing loss
2. degree of hearing loss
3. configuration of hearing loss

## References

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* Autism Spectrum Disorder. (n.d.). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml#part_145439
* Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). (2015, August 17). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/index.html
* Definition of Intellectual Disability. (n.d.). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://aaidd.org/intellectual-disability/definition#.VfHPEFNVikp
* Developmental Disabilities. (2010). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.mayinstitute.org/pdfs/developmental_disabilities_fact_sheet.pdf
* Down Syndrome. (n.d.). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/
* Down syndrome. (2014, April 14). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20020948
* Facts About Developmental Disabilities. (2015, July 9). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/developmentaldisabilities/facts.html
* Facts About Intellectual Disabilities. (n.d.). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/IntellectualDisability.pdf
* Language disorder - children: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (2014, June 25). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001545.htm
* Learning Disorders: MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/learningdisorders.html
* NINDS Cerebral Palsy Information Page. (2015, July 2). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cerebral_palsy/cerebral_palsy.htm
* Salvin, J. (2013, October 1). Visual Impairment. Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/sight/visual_impairment.html
* Tracking Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities in Missouri: What You Need To Know. (n.d.). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/states/addm-missouri-fact-sheet.pdf
* What is Hearing Loss? (n.d.). Retrieved September 10, 2015, from http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/What-is-Hearing-Loss/