Endangered languages of Europe

This learning resource is part of the Wikilang project.

Europe has several endangered languages that are at risk of falling out of use, generally because they have few surviving speakers.

UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment, from the less endangered to the most endangered: vulnerable, definitely endangered, severely endangered and critically endangered. Once a language loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language.

## List of endangered languages of Europe

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Note: This list doesn't include endangered languages from Russia that are not present in another European country.

Language | Countries | Status

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Abaza | Turkey, Russia | Definitely endangered
Abkhaz | Georgia, Russia, Turkey | Vulnerable
Adyge | Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey | Vulnerable
Alemannic | Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland | Vulnerable
Alpine Provençal (Vivaro-Alpine) | France, Italy | Definitely endangered
Aragonese | Spain | Definitely endangered
Arbanasi | Croatia | Severely endangered
Arbëresh | Italy | Definitely endangered
Aromanian | Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia | Definitely endangered
Arvanitika | Greece | Severely endangered
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey | Definitely endangered
Asturian-Leonese | Portugal, Spain | Definitely endangered
Auvergnat | France | Severely endangered
Balkan Gagauz Turkish | Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey | Critically endangered
Banat Bulgarian | Romania, Serbia | Definitely endangered
Basque | France, Spain | Vulnerable
Bats | Georgia | Severely endangered
Bavarian | Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland | Vulnerable
Belarusian | Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine | Vulnerable
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic | Georgia, Russia | Severely endangered
Breton | France | Severely endangered
Budukh | Azerbaijan | Severely endangered
Burgenland Croatian | Austria, Hungary, Slovakia | Definitely endangered
Burgundian | France | Severely endangered
Cappadocian Greek | Greece | Critically endangered
Catalan (Algherese) | Italy | Definitely endangered
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic | Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey | Definitely endangered
Champenois | Belgium, France | Severely endangered
Cimbrian | Italy | Definitely endangered
Cornish | United Kingdom | Critically endangered
Corsican | France, Italy | Definitely endangered
Crimean Tatar | Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Ukraine | Definitely endangered
Crimean Turkish | Ukraine | Severely endangered
Cypriot Arabic | Cyprus | Severely endangered
Dungan | Kazakhstan | Definitely endangered
East Franconian | Czech Republic, Germany | Vulnerable
Emilian-Romagnol | Italy, San Martino | Definitely endangered
Faroese | Faroe Islands | Vulnerable
Franc-Comtois | France, Switzerland | Severely endangered
Francoprovençal | France, Switzerland | Severely endangered
Friulian | Italy | Definitely endangered]]
Gagauz | Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Turkey, Russia, Ukraine | Definitely endangered
Gallo | France | Severely endangered
Gallurese | Italy | Definitely endangered
Gascon | France, Spain | Definitely endangered
Griko | Italy | Severely endangereduee
Guernésiais | Guernsey | Severely endangered
Hértevin | Turkey | Critically endangered
Homshetsma | Georgia, Russia, Turkey | Severely endangered
Inari | Finland | Severely endangered
Irish | Ireland, United Kingdom | Definitely endangered
Istriot | Croatia | Severely endangered
Istro-Romanian | Croatia | Severely endangered
Jèrriais | Jersey | Severely endangered
Judezmo (Judaeo-Spanish) | Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey, Serbia | Severly endangered
Juhuri | Azerbaijan, Russia | Definitely endangered
Kabard-Cherkes | Russia, Turkey | Vulnerable
Karaim | Lithuania | Severely endangered
Karelian | Finland, Russia | Definitely endangered
Kashubian | Poland | Severely endangered
Khinalug | Azerbaijan | Severely endangered
Kryts (Kryz) | Azerbaijan | Severely endangered
Ladin | Italy | Definitively endangered
Languedocian (Lengadocian) | France | Severely endangered
Latgalian | Latvia, Russia | Vulnerable
Laz | Georgia, Turkey | Definitely endangered
Lezgian | Azebaijan, Russia | Vulnerable
Ligurian | France, Italy, Monaco | Definitely endangered
Limburgish | Belgium, Germany, Netherlands | Vulnerable
Limousin | France | Severely endangered
Livonian | Latvia | Critically endangered
Lombard | Italy, Switzerland | Definitely endangered
Lorrain | Belgium, France | Severely endangered
Low Saxon (Plattdüütsch) | Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Russia | Vulnerable
Lower Sorbian (Serbski) | Germany | Definitively endangered
Lule Saami | Norway, Sweden | Severely endangered
Manx | Isle of Man | Critically endangered
Mariupolitan Greek | Ukraine | Severely endangered
Megleno-Romanian | Greece, Macedonia | Severely endangered
Mingrelian | Georgia | Definitely endangered
Mòcheno | Italy | Definitely endangered
Molise Croatian (Slavomolisano) | Italy | Severely endangered
Moselle Franconian | Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg | Vulnerable
Nogay | Romania | Severely endangered
Norman | France | Severely endangered
North Frisian | Germany | Severely endangered
North Saami (Njukča) | Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden | Definitely endangered
Olonetsian | Finland, Russia | Definitely endangered
Ossete | Georgia, Russia | Vulnerable
Pannonian Rusyn | Croatia, Serbia | Definitely endangered
Picard | Belgium, France | Severely endangered
Piedmontese | Italy | Definitely endangered
Pite Saami | Norway, Sweden | Critically endangered
Plautdietsch | Ukraine | Definitely endangered
Poitevin-Saintongeais | France | Severely endangered
Polesian | Belarus, Poland, Ukraine | Vulnerable
Pontic Greek | Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine | Definitely endangered
Provençal | France | Severely endangered
Rhenish Franconian (Rhine Franconian) | France, Germany | Vulnerable
Romani | Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Servia | Definitely endangered
Romansh | Switzerland | Definitely endangered
Rusyn | Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine | Vulnerable
Rutul | Azerbaijan, Russia | Definitely endangered
Sassarese | Italy | Definitely endangered
Saterlan Frisian | Germany | Severely endangered
Scanian | Denmark, Sweden | Vulnerable
Scots | United Kingdom | Vulnerable
Scottish Gaelic | Canada, United Kingdom | Definitely endangered
Skolt Saami | Denmark, Norway, Russia | Severely endangered
Sardinian | Italy | Definitively endangered
Sicilian | Italy | Vulnerable
Sorbian | Germany | Definitely endangered
South Italian | Italy | Vulnerable
South Jutish (South Jutlandic) | Denmark, Germany | Definitely endangered
South Estonian (Võro-Seto) | Estonia, Russia | Definitely endangered
South Saami | Norway, Sweden | Severely endangered
Svan | Georgia | Definitely endangered
Swabian German | Italy | Severely endangered
Swiss German | Italy | Severely endangered
Talysh | Azerbaijan, Iran | Vulnerable
Tat | Azerbaijan | Severely endangered
Torlakian (Torlak) | Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia | Vulnerable
Transylvanian Saxon | Romania | Severely endangered
Turoyo | Syria, Turkey | Severely endangered
Tsakhur | Azerbaijan, Russia | Definitely endangered
Tsakonian | Greece | Critically endangered
Udi | Azerbaijan, Georgia | Severely endangered
Ume Saami | Sweden | Critically endangered
Upper Sorbian (Serbsce) | Germany | Definitely endangered
Urum | Georgia, Russia, Ukraine | Definitely endangered
Venetian | Croatia, Italy, Slovenia | Vulnerable
Walloon | Belgium, France, Luxembourg | Definitely endangered
Walser German | Italy | Severely endangered
Welsh | Argentina, Chile, United Kingdom | Vulnerable
West Flemish | Belgium, France, Netherlands | Vulnerable
West Frisian | Netherlands | Vulnerable
Western Armenian | Turkey | Definitely endangered
Wymysorys (Vilamovian) | Poland | Severely endangered
Yiddish | Ausria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine | Definitely endangered
Zazaki | Turkey | Vulnerable