Ratification

confirmation of an action which was not pre-approved and may not have been authorized, usually by a principal who adopts the acts of his/her agent.

the effect of ratification is to backdate A,s authority to act as agent .

6 conditions:

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A purports to act as agent for a Principal who is named or otherwise identified - keighley maxted V Durant.

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principal has capacity and exists both at the date the contract is made and at the date of ratification Kelner V baxter

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principal has been fully informed of the terms of the contract ( or is prepared to ratify in any event).

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principal ratifies the whole contract.

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principal within a reasonable time.

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principal clearly signifies his intention to ratify to TP.

A void or illegal contract cannot be ratified because it is of no legal effect from its inception.user-samughal