Sponges

Sponge

Taxonomic classification
| Domain:  | Eukaryota

|

Kingdom:  | Animalia

Phylum:  | Porifera*
Grant in Todd, 1836
Included groups

Calcarea
Hexactinellida
Demospongiae

Excluded groups

Crown radiata

Sponges (Phylum: Porifera) are asymmetric, multi-celled animals. They are sessile and aquatic, and lack nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. [1] There is evidence in the literature to suggest that animals may have evolved a nervous system twice. [2] {{Animalia}}

## References

[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge
2. ↑ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090126203157.htm

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Extant phyla of the animal kingdom by subkingdom

Porifera|

Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida

Eumetazoa|

| Cnidaria|

Anthozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Staurozoa, Myxozoa

|

Ctenophora|

Tentaculata, Nuda

Placozoa|

Trichoplax

Bilateria|

| Protostomia|

| Ecdysozoa|

Cycloneuralia: Scalidophora (Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Priapulida) · Nematoida (Nematoda, Nematomorpha)
Panarthropoda: Onychophora · Tardigrada · Arthropoda

|

Spiralia|

| Platyzoa|

Platyhelminthes · Gastrotricha
Gnathifera: Rotifera · Acanthocephala · Gnathostomulida · Micrognathozoa · Cycliophora · Chaetognatha · Orthonectida · Rhombozoa

|

Lophotrochozoa|

Trochozoa (Nemertea, Mollusca, Annelida)
Lophophorata (Bryozoa, Entoprocta, Phoronida, Brachiopoda)

Deuterostomia|

| Ambulacraria|

Hemichordata · Echinodermata · Xenacoelomorpha (Xenoturbellida, Acoelomorpha (Acoela, Nemertodermatida))

|

Chordata|

Craniata (Vertebrata, Myxini) · Cephalochordata · Tunicata
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