University student academic performance

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Many studies have investigated the extent to which university students' academic performance can be at least partially explained by student and university variables. Balduf (2009), for example, documented three major contributors to the underachievement of college students:

1. lack of preparation
2. issues with self-discipline and motivation
3. problems with time management.

## References

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1. Balduf, M. (2009). Underachievement among college students. Journal of Advanced Academics, 20, 274 -294.
2. Bost, J. M. (1984). Retaining students on academic probation: Effects of time management peer counselling on students’ grades. Journal of Learning Skills, 3, 38-43.
3. Bradley, G. (2006). Work participation and academic performance: A test of alternative propositions. Journal of Education and Work, 19(5), 481-501.
4. Grayson, J. (2004). The relationship between grades and academic program satisfaction over four years of study. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 34, 1-34.
5. Grayson, J. P. (2007). Sense of coherence, problem freedom and academic outcomes of Canadian Domestic and International Students. Quality in Higher Education, 13, 215-236.
6. Lounsbury, J. W., Fisher, L. A., Levy, J. J., & Welsh, D. P. (2009). An investigation of character strengths in relation to the academic success of college students. Individual Differences Research, 7, 52-69.
7. Macan, T. M., Shahani, C., Dipboye, R. L., & Phillips, A. P. (1990). College students time management: Correlations with academic performance and stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 760-768.
8. Mckenzie, K., & Schweitzer, R. (2001). Who succeeds at university? Factors predicting academic performance in first year Australian university students. Higher Education, Research and Development, 20, 21-33. doi: 10.1080/07924360120043621
9. Powers, C. L. (2008). Academic achievement and social involvement as predictors of life satisfaction among college students. Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduate Research, 13, 128-136.
10. Strapp, C. M., & Farr, R. J. (2010). To get involved or not: The relation among extracurricular involvement, satisfaction, and academic achievement. Teaching of Psychology, 37, 50-54. doi:10.1080/00986280903425
11. Trueman, M. & Hartley, J. (1996). A comparison between the time management skills and academic performance of mature and traditional-entry university students. Higher Education, 32, 199-215.

## See also

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* Emerging academics
* University student retention
* University student satisfaction
* University student time management